Download to read offline
Uploaded byJudy D'Angelo RN MSN ARNP
Sleep disorders
This document provides an overview of sleep disorders and sleep measurement tools. It describes the normal stages of sleep including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Common sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias are discussed. Tools for measuring sleep such as electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and electromyography (EMG) are also summarized.
EducationâŚ
More Related Content
![Sleep disorders [autosaved]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/sleepdisordersautosaved-180531135608-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Sleep disorders
- 1. Sleep Disorders Judy DâAngeloRN MSN ANP LNC CDP CADDCT Wilson Shepard Education Associates http://www.wshep.com 585-360-4192 1 Approval Code #20-732648 Looking for more continuing education programs? Visit our website Wilson Shepard Education Associates
- 2. Accreditations ď˛ Wilson ShepardEducation Associates is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. 2
- 3. Course Description The outcomeof this course is for the learner to 1. Describe the normal stages of sleep, 2. Describe common sleep measurement tools 3. Discuss sleep characteristics, 4. Discuss common sleep disorders, 3
- 4. Why is important? ď˛Sleep problems are a very real epidemic resulting in catastrophic effects on our bodies and our minds. ď˛ According the National Sleep Foundation (2018), one out of every two people will suffer from sleeplessness at some point in their lives. ď˛ Approximately 30 to 40 million Americans suffer from insomnia that affects the quality of their sleep and their health. 4
- 5. Sleep ď˛ Sleep isnot just a âresting brainâ ď˛ Sleep is complex, highly organized, physiological state ď˛ It is crucial to the proper ď˛ Functioning ď˛ Restoration ď˛ Repair of our bodies 5
- 6. Sleep ď˛ Sleep isa term derived from the Latin word âsomnusâ meaning â ď˛ Sleep is ď˛ Natural ď˛ Periodically recurring physiological state of rest for the body and mind ď˛ Sleep is defined as a behavioral state characterized by little physical activity and virtually no awareness of the outside world. 6
- 7. How is SleepRegulated? ď˛ Regulated by hypothalamus that contains ď˛ Both a sleep center ď˛ Wakefulness center 7
- 8. Sleep Deprivation Sleep debtcan cause ď˛ Increased irritability ď˛ Mood problems ď˛ Decreased concentration ď˛ Ineffective judgment ď˛ Inability to perform simple tasks ď˛ Decreased productivity - or ď˛ Catastrophic accidents 8
- 9.
- 10. Sleep Architecture ď˛ Consistsof two distinct brain states or âSleep Architectureâ ď˛ Rapid Eye movement (REM) ď˛ Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) ď˛ Each States alternates every 90 minutes (National Sleep Foundation, 2018). Both are necessary to quality sleep. ď˛ Getting the right âmixâ of both REM & NREM helps maintain normal sleep architecture and restorative sleep. 10
- 11. REM Sleep The dreamstage of sleep ď˛ It occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep and increases over the later part of the night. ď˛ Each episode lasts 30 minutes or less. ď˛ Eye movement occurs in bursts ď˛ Major muscle groups may exhibit a form of paralysis while peripheral muscles may twitch. ď˛ Breathing patterns are irregular. ď˛ There is no temperature regulation, so shivering and sweating cease. 11
- 12.
- 13. REM Sleep ď˛ Importantfor daytime performance and may contribute to memory consolidation. ď˛ Approximately 25% of a nightâs sleep is spent in this stage (National Sleep Foundation, 2018). 13
- 14. NREM Sleep ď˛ Dividedinto 4 stages ď˛ Stage 1 â is that state of sleep in which the muscles relax, and the brain waves are rapid and irregular. This is a light stage of sleep, between being awake and entering sleep. ď˛ Stage 2 â Intermediate sleep is characterized by an increase in brain wave size and bursts of electrical activity. 14
- 15. NREM Sleep ď˛ Stages3 & 4 â exhibit large, slow brain waves (âdelta wavesâ ď˛ This âdelta waveâ is also called deep sleep and provides the individual with rest and restoration. ď˛ Breathing slows, blood pressure drops, and hormones are released for growth and development. 15
- 16.
- 17. Sleep Patterns ď˛ Mostadults need 7-9 hours of sleep daily ď˛ Amount of sleep varies among individuals ď˛ Amount of sleep needed is defined as the amount that allows an individual to function throughout the day without feeling drowsy or having impaired concentration (National Sleep Foundation, 2018). 17
- 18. Sleep The following characteristics: ď˛Reduced (but not absent response) â person responds to internal and external stimuli. ď˛ Reversibility: One can awaken from sleep ď˛ Minimal Movement: humans may walk and talk in their sleep (sleep waking). ď˛ Species-specific posture: some animals sleep with their eyes open: humans sleep lying down with eyes closed. ď˛ Species-specific diurnal timing and duration: humans sleep about 8 hours per day. 18
- 19. What differentiates sleepfrom coma? According to Borbely, Achermann, Geering and Tobler (2018) sleep consists of three hypothesized processes. ď˛ A homeostatic process ď˛ This process is determined by the amount of sleep and waking an individual has experienced. ď˛ Reductions of as little as 1-2 hours of sleep accumulated over several nights can result in measureable daytime sleepiness. 19
- 20. ď˛ A circadianprocess ď˛ This process organizes alterations of sleep and waking over 24-hour day. ď˛ This light-dark cycle affects our biological clock ď˛ Body temperature and the desire to sleep parallel these cycles. ď˛ Hormonal and metabolic processes are affected by sleep: ď˛ Cortisol is released ď˛ Prolactin and growth hormone ď˛ Melatonin 20 What differentiates sleep from coma?
- 21.
- 22. Sleep Measurement Tools ď˛ Thestages of sleep can be characterized by observing an individualâs behavior. ď˛ Measurement of these stages and the subtleties of sleep are most effectively analyzed through the continuous and simultaneous recordings of several tests. 22
- 23. ď˛ Electroencephalography (EEG)â during this nighttime test, electrodes are placed all around the patientâs head to determine at any give time, which stage of sleep the person may be in. 23 Sleep Measurement Tools
- 24.
- 25. ď˛ Electrooculography (EOG)â this test involves the placement of electrodes on the outside of each eye. It helps the examiner determine sleep stages from the movements of the patientâs eyes during sleep. 25 Sleep Measurement Tools
- 26. ď˛ Electroencephalography (EEG) 26 SleepMeasurement Tools
- 27. ď˛ Electromyography (EMG)â during this test, electrodes are placed on the chin and each calf muscle to measure muscle movement during sleep. ď˛ This recording demonstrates a wake period, an arousal, or spastic movement. 27 Sleep Measurement Tools
- 28.
- 29. Sleep Disorders -Insomnia ď˛ Defined as disturbed sleep in the presence of an adequate opportunity and circumstance for sleep. ď˛ It is the most common sleep disorder. ď˛ Insomnia in older adults is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. ď˛ Characterized by difficulty falling asleep or difficulty staying asleep. 29
- 30. Can be causedby ď˛ Stress ď˛ Depression ď˛ Anxiety ď˛ Physical illness ď˛ Caffeine ď˛ Pain ď˛ Drugs 30 Sleep Disorders - Insomnia
- 31. Sleep Disorders âSleep Apnea ď˛ Literally mean âwant of breathâ ď˛ Affects approximately 18 million Americans ď˛ It is a serious condition ď˛ Decreases in blood oxygen saturation, increases in blood carbon dioxide levels, morning fatigue, headaches, depression and cognitive impairment (Meiner, 2014). 31
- 32.
- 33.
- 34. Narcolepsy ď˛ Characteristics ď˛ Frequentand overwhelming urge to sleep ď˛ Sleep attacks can occur at any time of day ď˛ Can last for a few seconds to over 30 minutes ď˛ Currently no cure 34
- 35. ď˛ Cataplexy âsudden loss of muscle control brought on by strong emotions (such as laughter, anger, surprise) so the individual my literally fall to the ground. ď˛ Sleep paralysis: the inability to move or speak during the transition into sleep or wakefulness. ď˛ Hypnagogic hallucinations â vivid dream like images that my be frightening or mundane during the transition from sleep to wakefulness. 35 Narcolepsy Characteristics
- 36.
- 37. How do Iget credit for this? ď˛ Once you have completed the review, you will need to complete an evaluation form; ď˛ It can be found at ď˛ http://survey.constantcontact.com/survey/a07egxau7w1k6snsrsi/start ď˛ Thank you again for your participation. 37