This document is a student project report on preparing a sample of cuprammonium rayon threads from filter paper. It includes an introduction to rayon and the cuprammonium process, a list of required apparatus and chemicals, the procedure, conclusions and bibliography. The student successfully prepared a sample of cuprammonium rayon threads by dissolving filter paper pieces in a solution of copper sulfate and ammonia, then extruding the viscous solution through a syringe into an acid bath to form fibers. Precautions are noted for the preparation and fiber formation.

1. Project prepared by:
PRANAV GHILDIYAL
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2. ‘XII’ ‘B’
SESSION: 2013-14
ROLL NO::- 12227
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA B.E.G
CERTIFICATE
ThIs Is To CERTIFy ThAT MAsTER PRANAV GhILDIyAL
sTuDyING IN CLAss XII B oF KENDRIyA VIDyALAyA B.E.G
DuRING ThE ACADEMIC yEAR 2013-14 CoMPLETED ThE AssIGNED
PRojECT AND hAs suBMITTED A sATIsFACToRy ACCouNT oF hIs
PRojECT.
DATE:
sIGNATuRE oF INTERNAL
sIGNATuRE oF
EXTERNAL
EXAMINER
EXAMINER
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3. __________________
__________________
ACKNoWLEDGEMENT
This word acknowledgement is to express my deep sense of gratitude
towards those unseen hands which are my teacher Mrs. H.
JADHAV (CHEMISTRY), our principal Ms. N. GEETHA RAO
and my Parents who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the fore mentioned topic without their contribution
the successful completion of this project would not have materialized.
The project helped me in doing a lot of Research and I came to know
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4. about so many new things I am really thankful to all of them for
assisting me and helping me finish this project in the limited time I had.
SINCERELY
PRANAV GHILDIYAL
AIM OF THE PROJECT:To prepare a sample of cuprammonium rayon threads from filter paper.
APPRATUS REQUIRED : Conical flask (preferably 250mL )
 Funnel
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5.  Glass rod
 Beaker (preferably 250mL )
 Water bath
 Filter paper ( Preferably whatman paper or else ordinary filter paper sheets)
CHEMICALS REQUIRED : CuS04
 NaOH solution.
 Liquor ammonia solution
 Dilute H2S04
 Whatman paper
 Distilled H20
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6. BACKGROUND :Rayon is a synthetic fiber produced from cellulose. Developed in an
attempt to produce silk chemically, it was originally called artificial silk
or wood silk. Rayon is regenerated fiber, because cellulose is
converted to a liquid compound and then back to cellulose in the form
of fiber. For example, cuprammonium rayon is made by dissolving
cellulose in an ammoniacal copper sulphate solution.
Characteristics Of Rayon Fibers: They are highly absorbent,
 Soft and comfortable
 Easy to dye &
 Drape well .
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7. INTRODUCTION
:-
Cellulose is nature's own giant molecule. It is the fibrous
materials that every plant from sea weed to the sequoia made by
baking glucose molecules in long chains, the chains are bound
together in the fibers that gives plants their shape and strength. Wood
has now become the main source of cellulose. Since it contains only
40% to 50% cellulose, the substance must be extracted by "pulping".
The logs are flaked, and then simmered in chemicals that dissolve the
tarry lignin, resins and minerals. The remaining pulp, about 93%
cellulose, is dried and rolled into sheets-raw material for paper, rayon
and other products .
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8. It can be obtained in two ways:
1. VISCOSE PROCESS :-
Cellulose is soaked in 30% caustic soda solution for about 3hrs. The
alkali solution is removed and the product is treated with CS 2. This
gives cellulose xanthate, which is dissolved in NaOH solution to give
viscous solution. This is filtered and forced through a spinneret into a
dilute H2S04 solution, both of which harden the gum like thread into
rayon fibers. The process of viscose was discovered by C.F.Cross &
E.J.Bevan in the year1891.
2. CUPRAMMONIUM RAYON :-
Cuprammonium rayon is obtained by dissolving pieces of filter paper
in a deep blue solution containing tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide
[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2]. The latter is obtained from a solution of copper
sulphate [CuSO4] to it. NH40H solution is added to precipitate cupric
hydroxide which is then dissolved in excess of NH3.
Reactions: I. [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 + pieces of filter paper left for 1 0-15 days
→ (give a viscous solution called VISCOSE )
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9. PROCEDURE
A. Preparation of schweitzer" s solution: a) Weigh 20g of CuS04.5H2O
b) Transfer this to a beaker having 100ml distilled water and add 15ml of dilute
H2S04 to prevent hydrolysis of CUS04.
c) Stir it with glass rod till a clear solution is obtained. Add l1inl of liquor ammonia
drop by drop with slow stirring. The precipitate of cupric hydroxide is separated
out.
d) Filter the solution containing cupric hydroxide through a funnel with filter paper
e) Wash the precipitate of cupric hydroxide with water until the filtrate fails to give
a positive test for sulphate ions with barium chloride solution. .
f) Transfer the precipitate to a beaker that contains 50mlliquor ammonia or wash it
down the funnel. The precipitate when dissolved in liquor ammonia gives a deep
blue solution of tetra ammine cupric hydroxide. This is known as SCHWEITZER'S
SOLUTION
B. Preparation of cellulose material: a) After weighing 2g of filter paper divide it into very fine pieces and then transfer
these pieces to the tetra ammine cupric hydroxide solution in the beaker.
b) Seal the flask and keep for 10-15 days, during this period the filter paper is
dissolved completely.
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10. C.RAYON THREADS FORMATION :a) Take 50ml of distilled water in glass container. To this add 20ml of conc.
H2S04.Cool the solution under tap water. In a big container pour some of the
solution.
b) Fill the syringe with cellulose solution prepared before.
c) Place the big glass container containing H 2S04 solution produced before in ice
(the reaction being spontaneous results in excess release of energy in the form of
heat which makes the fiber weak and breaks them).
d) Immerse the tip of the syringe in the solution and press gently. Notice the fibers
getting formed in acid bath. Continue to move your hand and keep pressing the
syringe to extrude more fibers into the bath.
e) Leave the fibers in solution till they decolourise and become strong enough.
f) Filter and wash with distilled water.
CONCLUSION
 Sample of Cuprammonium Rayon Threads was successfully prepared.
PRECAUTIONS
a) Addition of excess NH3 should be avoided
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11. b) Before taking the viscose in the syringe make sure, it does not contain any
particle of paper otherwise, it would clog the needle of syringe.
c) Addition ofNH3 should be done in a fume cupboard and with extreme care. The
fumes if inhaled may cause giddiness.
d) Use a thick needle otherwise the fiber won't come out.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.icbse.com
DISCLAIMER :I HAVE ALSO MADE THIS PROJECT
TAKING HELP FROM INTERNET
I EXPREE MY REGARDS WHO ARE
ACTUALLY BEHIND THIS PROJECT. I
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