The regulation of gene expression is critical for all organisms. There are two main types of genes - constitutive genes that are always "on" and non-constitutive or luxury genes that are regulated. Gene regulation involves turning genes on and off through transcriptional and translational control. Key elements that regulate genes include regulatory genes, structural genes, and regulatory elements in DNA that control transcription. Regulation can occur at the level of DNA, transcription, mRNA processing, translation, and post-translation. The lac operon in E. coli is an example of negative inducible gene regulation involving a repressor, operator, and inducer to control lactose metabolism genes.