L3 presentations & research
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The document discusses research and fieldwork on erosion and flooding along coastal areas. It outlines: 1) Upcoming fieldwork in Start Bay, Devon to study coastal erosion, including land use mapping, observations of rock falls and undercutting. 2) Additional fieldwork on flooding would include interviewing local residents about past flood events and mapping coastal flood risk areas. 3) Recommendations for online research on either erosion or flooding using tools like historical maps, Google Earth, newspaper archives and census records to study how coastlines have changed over time.
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L3 post devon lesson
This document provides a recap and consolidation of fieldwork conducted in Devon. It outlines the objectives to consolidate all work done in Devon and ensure students have all notes in their folders. It discusses the fieldwork and research conducted in Torquay and Start Bay, including questionnaires, land use surveys, beach profiles, and cost-benefit analyses conducted, as well as potential research sources like old maps, photos, census data, and news articles. Today's lesson will have students draw up research tables on the changes in Torquay's land use and development as a coastal resort, and the evaluation of coastal defenses and management at Start Bay.
SAND DUNES - AINSDALE
The document provides guidance on studying coastal sand dunes, including describing the flora and fauna found in different areas of dunes and explaining how environmental conditions affect plant and animal life. It also discusses sustainable management of dune systems, identifying potential conflicts between dune users and strategies for conserving dunes for future generations, such as managing threats from human activities that cause erosion. The document uses Ainsdale Dunes as a case study location.
Igcse geography coastal environments fieldwork
The document provides information about a fieldwork investigation into coastal environments at Shoreham, England. It discusses:
1) Two themes for the fieldwork - measuring beach profiles and material to analyze the impact of coastal protection structures, and conducting a survey to understand local residents' views on coastal management.
2) Background context on the regeneration plans for Shoreham and the need to protect the coastline given new development.
3) Details on the coastal protection methods used, including groynes, seawalls, and beach nourishment.
4) An overview of the fieldwork process, from formulating aims and hypotheses to collecting and analyzing data and drawing conclusions.
5) Instructions for tasks to measure
7. Beaches and sand dunes
The document discusses beaches and their characteristics. It describes different types of beaches like sandy beaches and pebble beaches. Sandy beaches are generally shallow and flat while pebble beaches are steeper. Sandy beaches can stretch further inland than pebble beaches. Beach profiles show how beaches change, with sandy beaches having a gentler profile than pebble beaches. Key terms like berm and beach characteristics are also defined.
Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011
The document outlines plans for a GCSE geography field trip to Lyme Regis to study coastal processes and management. Students will investigate why coastal protection is needed in the study area, looking at evidence of erosion, landforms, and existing hard and soft engineering defenses. They will consider how coastal risks may increase with projected sea level rise. The fieldwork relates to the OCR GCSE geography scheme of work focusing on coasts, hazards and human geography topics.
Westward ho fieldtrip 2010
This document provides information about an upcoming GCSE geography field trip to Westward Ho!, including:
- The main question is how and why coastal features vary in the Westward Ho! area.
- Key questions relate to coastal processes, landforms, engineering solutions and how the coastline may change over time.
- The fieldwork will study wave action, erosion, deposition and coastal management processes.
- Background research on coastal geography and the Westward Ho! area will help inform the fieldwork investigation.
L7 ap located example
The coastal landscape on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England has been formed through the interaction of physical and human processes. The Isle of Purbeck is a peninsula located in southern England surrounded by the English Channel. The geology of Wealden clay and the prevailing southwesterly winds have contributed to coastal erosion through rotational landslides. Human activity such as tourism, settlement, and the construction of coastal defences and groynes have also impacted the landscape around Swanage Bay over time.
L5 ap weather climate human activities on the coast
Human activities like urbanization, industry, and agriculture can change coastal landscapes in several ways:
1) Urbanization has led to the draining of wetlands for settlements, adding weight from development, and protecting cliffs from erosion, which can increase erosion elsewhere.
2) Industry has resulted in the growth of ports and facilities like oil refineries that have visual and environmental impacts.
3) Agriculture has involved draining wetlands and building ridges to protect low-lying farmland from the sea, though now some of these areas are no longer protected from coastal recession.
Recommended
L3 post devon lesson
This document provides a recap and consolidation of fieldwork conducted in Devon. It outlines the objectives to consolidate all work done in Devon and ensure students have all notes in their folders. It discusses the fieldwork and research conducted in Torquay and Start Bay, including questionnaires, land use surveys, beach profiles, and cost-benefit analyses conducted, as well as potential research sources like old maps, photos, census data, and news articles. Today's lesson will have students draw up research tables on the changes in Torquay's land use and development as a coastal resort, and the evaluation of coastal defenses and management at Start Bay.
SAND DUNES - AINSDALE
The document provides guidance on studying coastal sand dunes, including describing the flora and fauna found in different areas of dunes and explaining how environmental conditions affect plant and animal life. It also discusses sustainable management of dune systems, identifying potential conflicts between dune users and strategies for conserving dunes for future generations, such as managing threats from human activities that cause erosion. The document uses Ainsdale Dunes as a case study location.
Igcse geography coastal environments fieldwork
The document provides information about a fieldwork investigation into coastal environments at Shoreham, England. It discusses:
1) Two themes for the fieldwork - measuring beach profiles and material to analyze the impact of coastal protection structures, and conducting a survey to understand local residents' views on coastal management.
2) Background context on the regeneration plans for Shoreham and the need to protect the coastline given new development.
3) Details on the coastal protection methods used, including groynes, seawalls, and beach nourishment.
4) An overview of the fieldwork process, from formulating aims and hypotheses to collecting and analyzing data and drawing conclusions.
5) Instructions for tasks to measure
7. Beaches and sand dunes
The document discusses beaches and their characteristics. It describes different types of beaches like sandy beaches and pebble beaches. Sandy beaches are generally shallow and flat while pebble beaches are steeper. Sandy beaches can stretch further inland than pebble beaches. Beach profiles show how beaches change, with sandy beaches having a gentler profile than pebble beaches. Key terms like berm and beach characteristics are also defined.
Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011
The document outlines plans for a GCSE geography field trip to Lyme Regis to study coastal processes and management. Students will investigate why coastal protection is needed in the study area, looking at evidence of erosion, landforms, and existing hard and soft engineering defenses. They will consider how coastal risks may increase with projected sea level rise. The fieldwork relates to the OCR GCSE geography scheme of work focusing on coasts, hazards and human geography topics.
Westward ho fieldtrip 2010
This document provides information about an upcoming GCSE geography field trip to Westward Ho!, including:
- The main question is how and why coastal features vary in the Westward Ho! area.
- Key questions relate to coastal processes, landforms, engineering solutions and how the coastline may change over time.
- The fieldwork will study wave action, erosion, deposition and coastal management processes.
- Background research on coastal geography and the Westward Ho! area will help inform the fieldwork investigation.
L7 ap located example
The coastal landscape on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England has been formed through the interaction of physical and human processes. The Isle of Purbeck is a peninsula located in southern England surrounded by the English Channel. The geology of Wealden clay and the prevailing southwesterly winds have contributed to coastal erosion through rotational landslides. Human activity such as tourism, settlement, and the construction of coastal defences and groynes have also impacted the landscape around Swanage Bay over time.
L5 ap weather climate human activities on the coast
Human activities like urbanization, industry, and agriculture can change coastal landscapes in several ways:
1) Urbanization has led to the draining of wetlands for settlements, adding weight from development, and protecting cliffs from erosion, which can increase erosion elsewhere.
2) Industry has resulted in the growth of ports and facilities like oil refineries that have visual and environmental impacts.
3) Agriculture has involved draining wetlands and building ridges to protect low-lying farmland from the sea, though now some of these areas are no longer protected from coastal recession.
L1erosion
This document discusses various processes of coastal erosion including hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion. Hydraulic action involves the force of water hitting cliffs while abrasion involves rocks being thrown rapidly. Less resistant rock types like clay and limestone erode more quickly through these processes, forming bays and beaches. The geology of the coast affects the rate of erosion. Coastlines are dynamic landforms that change through erosion and deposition from waves. Homework is assigned to find an example of a coast experiencing erosion and its effects on people.
Our Disappearing Sandspit
- The barrier spit at St. Mary's-by-the-Sea has been eroding, with a loss of 60 linear feet from 2006-2016. It is projected to disappear entirely by 2036 if changes are not made.
- Fairfield's jetty, marina, and dredging activities since the 1950s have disrupted sand deposits and contributed to erosion of the spit and marshlands.
- Rising sea levels from climate change are also a factor, as the marshland grows taller but cannot keep pace with rising waters. Restoration efforts have been ongoing but dredging activities continue to cause damage.
Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive Policies
2012 March. Poster presenter. Research, Innovation and Scholarship Expo RISE2012, Northeastern University, Poster title, Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive Policies.
Erosion As Pollution: The net economic and shoreline effects of coastal struc...
This is an update to the presentation, "Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?"
Inland property owners observe significant premiums in home values due to the existence of beaches for recreation in front of proximate waterfront properties. As erosion occurs, waterfront property owners seek to protect their properties with hard structures (seawalls, revetments) often waterfront property owners have the legal right to do this.
A negotiated solution? “In theory,” to protect their own home values, inland property owners could pay waterfront property owners to forego hard structural protections or to replenish sand on the beach.
- from slide 21, Hoagland, Granquist, 2014, Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts: Erosion as Pollution?
L1 ap physical processes
This document discusses the different processes that shape coastal landscapes. It aims to teach students that coastal landscapes are changed by various processes and how these processes can alter the coast. It identifies marine or coastal processes like wave erosion, transport, and deposition as well as land-based processes like weathering and mass movement. Students are then instructed to work in groups to create presentations explaining how their assigned process shapes the coastal landscape.
Armoring the Massachusetts Coast: Increased Protection or Added Risk?
2013 March. Award Winner: Research, Innovation and Scholarship Expo RISE2013, Northeastern University, Poster title, Armoring the Massachusetts Coast: Increased Protection or Added Risk?
Coastal management integrated and sustainable management
The Holderness Coast in northeast England is eroding rapidly due to its soft geology, large fetch exposure to North Sea storms, and coastal processes. Hard engineering can protect assets but is expensive and impacts the environment, while soft engineering uses natural defenses but requires maintenance. Coastal management plans take an integrated approach, using hard structures to hold the line in developed areas and managed retreat in others to allow creation of protective salt marshes. Sustainable approaches also use natural habitats but require abandoned land and may be unpopular.
Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?
2013 February. Workshop presentation at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, of co-authored research, Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?
L4 management strategies for th future
The document discusses management of Ainsdale Dunes Reserve, a fragile coastline. Two aspects of management are discussed: visitor management, which involves zoning areas for public access, and ecosystem management, which involves removing invasive species and managing grazing to control plant overgrowth. The document also discusses future management strategies like Shoreline Management Plans, which use hard and soft coastal defenses, and Integrated Coastal Zone Management, which aims to balance environmental protection with social and economic activities. Coastal realignment is also discussed, where sea defenses are removed to allow controlled flooding and create buffer zones to reduce flood risk.
Jamaica Bay Rockaway Parks Conservancy Update
The Jamaica Bay-Rockaway Parks Conservancy is a public-private partnership dedicated to improving parkland in Jamaica Bay and the Rockaway peninsula. Some of its projects include organizing the Rockaway! Arts Festival that attracted over 12,000 people, operating a beach grass nursery at Floyd Bennett Field to stabilize dunes, working to complete projects at the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, and partnering with other organizations on volunteer projects and events to improve local open spaces. The Conservancy provides information on its website about these and other programs.
Westward ho photo tour
The document summarizes a field trip taken by the Department of Geography at South Molton Community College to study coastal landforms in Westward Ho!, Devon. Key stops included Hartland Quay to examine the source of local pebbles, Westward Ho! beach to analyze wave patterns and erosion, and the Pebble Ridge to observe its retreat and attempts to reinforce it with structures like gabions and beach replenishment. The trip provided examples of coastal erosion, sediment transport, and management techniques to protect against flooding and ridge breaches.
L1 coastal management strategies
This document discusses four approaches to coastal management:
1. Advance the line - Moving coastal defenses seaward through actions like land reclamation.
2. Hold the line - Maintaining the current coastal line through defenses.
3. Do nothing - Taking no coastal defense actions except safety measures.
4. Retreat the line - Encouraging the shoreline to move inland in a controlled way.
It also covers soft and hard engineering techniques for coastal management, including beach nourishment, dune regeneration, groynes, sea walls, gabions, revetments, and rock armor. The document instructs the reader to complete an A3 sheet on these topics.
Coastwatch – Karin Dubsky
Flash presentation given by Karin Dubsky, Coastwatch, at the 2015 Horizon 2020 SC5 Information Day, 21/10/2015, Herbert Park Hotel, Dublin
Sunset cove restoration project -update
Update on the Sunset Cove Restoration Project including additional Funding received and new design element
5 dep presentation to jbtf-fall 2015
This document provides an overview of an oyster research project in the Thurston Basin of Jamaica Bay. It involves partnerships with several organizations to construct temporary aquaculture floats and subtidal reefs, and monitor oyster settlement. The project will characterize the project area through surveys and mapping, construct the nursery and reefs in spring 2016, and monitor oyster settlement on the reefs through diver sampling and passive settlement bags from July 2016 to November 2017. The goal is to build on past efforts to restore oysters to the basin and learn from previous pilot projects.
Example of an annotated map
This is a partially completed map - remember yours should have at least 4-5 detailed annotations added.
Paerdegat Basin Restoraion update may 6 2014-By John McLaughlin
The document summarizes the Paerdegat Basin Natural Area Park and Ecology Park project in Brooklyn, New York. The project involved restoring 25 acres of tidal wetlands and coastal uplands around an existing sewage overflow storage tank. Restoration efforts included excavating historic fill to create salt marshes, grading land to form undulating grasslands, capping areas with clean sand, and replanting native coastal vegetation. The project was funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and involved numerous local stakeholders. The restored areas now form a natural area park open for passive recreation and an ecology park for supervised public access.
Whole coasts topic revision
This document discusses different aspects of coastal landforms and processes, as well as coastal management strategies. It begins by explaining coastal landforms such as beaches, spits, caves, arches, stacks, stumps, wave cut notches, platforms, headlands, bays and estuaries are formed through weathering, erosion and sediment transport processes. It then discusses issues caused by sea level rise in both low-income and high-income countries. Finally, it presents both hard and soft engineering strategies that can be used for coastal management and protecting against sea level rise, as well as how these strategies impact ecosystems.
Black wall rulers bar presentation final
This document summarizes efforts to restore wetlands in Jamaica Bay in New York City through collaborative projects between local environmental groups, government agencies, and community volunteers. Over 500 community volunteers helped replant two wetland islands through activities like collecting and planting spartina grass. Additional funding was obtained through government agreements to support hiring 50 local youth to continue restoration efforts. In total, the projects restored 28 acres of wetlands at a very low cost of $140,000 per acre through community involvement and partnerships between multiple organizations.
3. landforms created by erosion
This document discusses various landforms created by coastal erosion over thousands of years, including headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, and caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. It provides learning objectives to describe and explain the formation of these landforms through geological processes and the influence of vegetation. Diagrams and videos are referenced to illustrate each landform and the erosion process involved in its development.
L4b political groupings
Trade blocs are political groupings of countries that agree to reduce trade barriers to help each other's economies grow. They differ from economic groupings in that they require amendments to national laws and can include countries at varying development levels. There are several types of trade blocs including preferential trade areas, free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions, with increasing levels of economic integration. While trade blocs make the movement of goods and money easier, except in the EU, they do not usually facilitate the movement of people between member countries.
L2 ap weathering and mass movementn
This document aims to understand how weathering and mass movement processes occur along coasts. It provides information on different types of weathering processes including physical/freeze thaw weathering, chemical weathering through acid rain dissolving rocks like limestone, and biological weathering through plants and animals weakening rocks. It also discusses various mass movement processes such as rock falls, landslides, mudflows, and slumps, and asks the reader to sketch diagrams and an image showing these mass movement processes.
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L1erosion
This document discusses various processes of coastal erosion including hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion. Hydraulic action involves the force of water hitting cliffs while abrasion involves rocks being thrown rapidly. Less resistant rock types like clay and limestone erode more quickly through these processes, forming bays and beaches. The geology of the coast affects the rate of erosion. Coastlines are dynamic landforms that change through erosion and deposition from waves. Homework is assigned to find an example of a coast experiencing erosion and its effects on people.
Our Disappearing Sandspit
- The barrier spit at St. Mary's-by-the-Sea has been eroding, with a loss of 60 linear feet from 2006-2016. It is projected to disappear entirely by 2036 if changes are not made.
- Fairfield's jetty, marina, and dredging activities since the 1950s have disrupted sand deposits and contributed to erosion of the spit and marshlands.
- Rising sea levels from climate change are also a factor, as the marshland grows taller but cannot keep pace with rising waters. Restoration efforts have been ongoing but dredging activities continue to cause damage.
Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive Policies
2012 March. Poster presenter. Research, Innovation and Scholarship Expo RISE2012, Northeastern University, Poster title, Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive Policies.
Erosion As Pollution: The net economic and shoreline effects of coastal struc...
This is an update to the presentation, "Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?"
Inland property owners observe significant premiums in home values due to the existence of beaches for recreation in front of proximate waterfront properties. As erosion occurs, waterfront property owners seek to protect their properties with hard structures (seawalls, revetments) often waterfront property owners have the legal right to do this.
A negotiated solution? “In theory,” to protect their own home values, inland property owners could pay waterfront property owners to forego hard structural protections or to replenish sand on the beach.
- from slide 21, Hoagland, Granquist, 2014, Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts: Erosion as Pollution?
L1 ap physical processes
This document discusses the different processes that shape coastal landscapes. It aims to teach students that coastal landscapes are changed by various processes and how these processes can alter the coast. It identifies marine or coastal processes like wave erosion, transport, and deposition as well as land-based processes like weathering and mass movement. Students are then instructed to work in groups to create presentations explaining how their assigned process shapes the coastal landscape.
Armoring the Massachusetts Coast: Increased Protection or Added Risk?
2013 March. Award Winner: Research, Innovation and Scholarship Expo RISE2013, Northeastern University, Poster title, Armoring the Massachusetts Coast: Increased Protection or Added Risk?
Coastal management integrated and sustainable management
The Holderness Coast in northeast England is eroding rapidly due to its soft geology, large fetch exposure to North Sea storms, and coastal processes. Hard engineering can protect assets but is expensive and impacts the environment, while soft engineering uses natural defenses but requires maintenance. Coastal management plans take an integrated approach, using hard structures to hold the line in developed areas and managed retreat in others to allow creation of protective salt marshes. Sustainable approaches also use natural habitats but require abandoned land and may be unpopular.
Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?
2013 February. Workshop presentation at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, of co-authored research, Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?
L4 management strategies for th future
The document discusses management of Ainsdale Dunes Reserve, a fragile coastline. Two aspects of management are discussed: visitor management, which involves zoning areas for public access, and ecosystem management, which involves removing invasive species and managing grazing to control plant overgrowth. The document also discusses future management strategies like Shoreline Management Plans, which use hard and soft coastal defenses, and Integrated Coastal Zone Management, which aims to balance environmental protection with social and economic activities. Coastal realignment is also discussed, where sea defenses are removed to allow controlled flooding and create buffer zones to reduce flood risk.
Jamaica Bay Rockaway Parks Conservancy Update
The Jamaica Bay-Rockaway Parks Conservancy is a public-private partnership dedicated to improving parkland in Jamaica Bay and the Rockaway peninsula. Some of its projects include organizing the Rockaway! Arts Festival that attracted over 12,000 people, operating a beach grass nursery at Floyd Bennett Field to stabilize dunes, working to complete projects at the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, and partnering with other organizations on volunteer projects and events to improve local open spaces. The Conservancy provides information on its website about these and other programs.
Westward ho photo tour
The document summarizes a field trip taken by the Department of Geography at South Molton Community College to study coastal landforms in Westward Ho!, Devon. Key stops included Hartland Quay to examine the source of local pebbles, Westward Ho! beach to analyze wave patterns and erosion, and the Pebble Ridge to observe its retreat and attempts to reinforce it with structures like gabions and beach replenishment. The trip provided examples of coastal erosion, sediment transport, and management techniques to protect against flooding and ridge breaches.
L1 coastal management strategies
This document discusses four approaches to coastal management:
1. Advance the line - Moving coastal defenses seaward through actions like land reclamation.
2. Hold the line - Maintaining the current coastal line through defenses.
3. Do nothing - Taking no coastal defense actions except safety measures.
4. Retreat the line - Encouraging the shoreline to move inland in a controlled way.
It also covers soft and hard engineering techniques for coastal management, including beach nourishment, dune regeneration, groynes, sea walls, gabions, revetments, and rock armor. The document instructs the reader to complete an A3 sheet on these topics.
Coastwatch – Karin Dubsky
Flash presentation given by Karin Dubsky, Coastwatch, at the 2015 Horizon 2020 SC5 Information Day, 21/10/2015, Herbert Park Hotel, Dublin
Sunset cove restoration project -update
Update on the Sunset Cove Restoration Project including additional Funding received and new design element
5 dep presentation to jbtf-fall 2015
This document provides an overview of an oyster research project in the Thurston Basin of Jamaica Bay. It involves partnerships with several organizations to construct temporary aquaculture floats and subtidal reefs, and monitor oyster settlement. The project will characterize the project area through surveys and mapping, construct the nursery and reefs in spring 2016, and monitor oyster settlement on the reefs through diver sampling and passive settlement bags from July 2016 to November 2017. The goal is to build on past efforts to restore oysters to the basin and learn from previous pilot projects.
Example of an annotated map
This is a partially completed map - remember yours should have at least 4-5 detailed annotations added.
Paerdegat Basin Restoraion update may 6 2014-By John McLaughlin
The document summarizes the Paerdegat Basin Natural Area Park and Ecology Park project in Brooklyn, New York. The project involved restoring 25 acres of tidal wetlands and coastal uplands around an existing sewage overflow storage tank. Restoration efforts included excavating historic fill to create salt marshes, grading land to form undulating grasslands, capping areas with clean sand, and replanting native coastal vegetation. The project was funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and involved numerous local stakeholders. The restored areas now form a natural area park open for passive recreation and an ecology park for supervised public access.
Whole coasts topic revision
This document discusses different aspects of coastal landforms and processes, as well as coastal management strategies. It begins by explaining coastal landforms such as beaches, spits, caves, arches, stacks, stumps, wave cut notches, platforms, headlands, bays and estuaries are formed through weathering, erosion and sediment transport processes. It then discusses issues caused by sea level rise in both low-income and high-income countries. Finally, it presents both hard and soft engineering strategies that can be used for coastal management and protecting against sea level rise, as well as how these strategies impact ecosystems.
Black wall rulers bar presentation final
This document summarizes efforts to restore wetlands in Jamaica Bay in New York City through collaborative projects between local environmental groups, government agencies, and community volunteers. Over 500 community volunteers helped replant two wetland islands through activities like collecting and planting spartina grass. Additional funding was obtained through government agreements to support hiring 50 local youth to continue restoration efforts. In total, the projects restored 28 acres of wetlands at a very low cost of $140,000 per acre through community involvement and partnerships between multiple organizations.
3. landforms created by erosion
This document discusses various landforms created by coastal erosion over thousands of years, including headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, and caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. It provides learning objectives to describe and explain the formation of these landforms through geological processes and the influence of vegetation. Diagrams and videos are referenced to illustrate each landform and the erosion process involved in its development.
What's hot (20)
Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive Policies
Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive Policies
Erosion As Pollution: The net economic and shoreline effects of coastal struc...
Erosion As Pollution: The net economic and shoreline effects of coastal struc...
Armoring the Massachusetts Coast: Increased Protection or Added Risk?
Armoring the Massachusetts Coast: Increased Protection or Added Risk?
Coastal management integrated and sustainable management
Coastal management integrated and sustainable management
Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?
Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?
Paerdegat Basin Restoraion update may 6 2014-By John McLaughlin
Paerdegat Basin Restoraion update may 6 2014-By John McLaughlin
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L4b political groupings
Trade blocs are political groupings of countries that agree to reduce trade barriers to help each other's economies grow. They differ from economic groupings in that they require amendments to national laws and can include countries at varying development levels. There are several types of trade blocs including preferential trade areas, free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions, with increasing levels of economic integration. While trade blocs make the movement of goods and money easier, except in the EU, they do not usually facilitate the movement of people between member countries.
L2 ap weathering and mass movementn
This document aims to understand how weathering and mass movement processes occur along coasts. It provides information on different types of weathering processes including physical/freeze thaw weathering, chemical weathering through acid rain dissolving rocks like limestone, and biological weathering through plants and animals weakening rocks. It also discusses various mass movement processes such as rock falls, landslides, mudflows, and slumps, and asks the reader to sketch diagrams and an image showing these mass movement processes.
L5 ap tn cs
This document provides information about transnational corporations (TNCs):
- TNCs are major companies that have production, headquarters, or sales in at least two countries and are so large and powerful that they rival national economies.
- Large TNCs regularly acquire smaller companies and much manufacturing is outsourced, making it difficult to enforce good working conditions.
- TNCs also adapt their products to local markets through a process called "glocalization" and most operate complex global supply chains.
- Due to their extensive global networks, it is difficult to define the home geography of TNCs, though their parent companies are registered in particular countries for tax purposes.
L3 2014 blog coastalisation case study torquay
This document provides information about the coastal resort of Torquay in South Devon as a case study of coastalization. It discusses Torquay's population, economy reliant on tourism, and factors that contributed to its growth as a resort town. Torquay fits within Butler's resort life cycle model at the intensive tourism stage where tourism is now the dominant function. Students are assigned a task to create a poster or video explaining the rapid growth of Torquay through coastalization and relating it to the general growth of UK seaside resorts.
L2 ap european migration
European migration has followed several patterns:
1) Migrants have moved from Eastern European countries like Poland and Romania with lower GDPs to Western countries like the UK, France, and Germany which have higher GDPs in search of work and higher wages.
2) Migrants have also moved south to countries like Spain.
3) Migration has also occurred from northern to southern Europe as northern Europeans retire to countries with warmer climates like those around the Mediterranean.
L2 risk of flooding
This document discusses the causes of coastal flooding and sea level rise. There are two types of long term sea level changes: isostatic changes which are localized upward or downward land movements caused by tectonic or ice sheet forces, and eustatic changes which are global changes to ocean volumes from ice sheet melting. Over the past 18,000 years, melting ice sheets have raised sea levels about 0.1-0.2mm per year globally on average. Short term sea level rise is caused by thermal expansion as the oceans warm and increased melting of ice caps and glaciers due to global warming. Storm surges can temporarily raise sea levels over 2 meters locally due to low air pressure and strong winds.
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Coastal erosional processes and landforms lesson 4
The document discusses coastal erosion processes and landforms. It describes the four main erosion processes as corrosion, abrasion, solution, and hydraulic action (CASH). These processes break down and transport sediment, forming features like sea cliffs, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Waves erode the base of cliffs and headlands through processes like hydraulic action, creating wave-cut notches and platforms that eventually result in arches and isolated rock columns. Alternating hard and soft rock layers produce headlands and bays along discordant coastlines.
GEOG 100--Lecture 12--Plate Tectonics
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Geomorphologu F07 Fluvial Landforms (Bentang Alam)
This document discusses fluvial landforms and drainage patterns. It covers topics such as drainage systems, stream ordering, drainage density, drainage patterns like dendritic and trellis, stream capture, fluvial landforms including floodplains and alluvial fans, and the cycle of erosion. The cycle of erosion describes the evolution of landscapes from a youthful to mature to old age stage with changing landforms and processes at each stage. Stream terraces and non-cyclic surfaces are also discussed.
Mass-Wasting(original).ppt
Mass wasting refers to the movement of large amounts of material downslope under the force of gravity. It is caused by factors like steep slopes, water content, earthquakes, and human activities. There are different types of mass wasting including slow flowage processes like soil creep and rapid processes like debris flows. Engineering measures can be taken to prevent mass wasting like installing drainage systems, retaining walls, covering weak slopes, and avoiding activities that reduce slope stability.
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This document provides information about Lathkill Dale, including its location in Derbyshire, England. It describes the area's geological history from the Carboniferous period 340 million years ago to the Pleistocene period 2 million years ago. It then details 5 sites along the dale, noting their geological features such as limestone rock and fossils from the Carboniferous period, a mining hole from lead and iron mining since the 13th century, and Mandale Mine buildings made of limestone. Site 4 describes Bateman's House built of limestone and the nearby Lathkill mine shaft. Site 5 focuses on fossils such as brachiopods and crinoids imprinted in the limestone. The conclusion lists topics
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1. Coastal landforms such as cliffs, wave-cut platforms, headlands, and bays are formed by the erosive forces of waves. Harder rock forms headlands while softer rock is eroded away to form bays.
2. Waves erode cliffs by hydraulic action which forms notches and caves. Overhanging cliffs eventually collapse, retreating inland and forming wave-cut platforms.
3. Longshore drift transports sediment parallel to the shoreline. Waves approaching at an angle drive a longshore current, while the swash and backwash move sediment in a zigzag pattern down the coast in the drift direction.
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Gaspar Grande Island is located off the coast of Trinidad and contains the Gasparee Cave system. The cave formed through the dissolution of the island's limestone bedrock by acidic groundwater. It contains numerous geological formations like stalactites, stalagmites, and pillars. Sinkholes are depressions above cave systems that form when the cave roof collapses. They provide openings into the cave below. Caves differ from sinkholes in that caves are the underground passages formed by limestone dissolution over time.
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This document provides an overview of sedimentary rock formation processes including weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and diagenesis. It discusses various types of weathering mechanisms and factors that influence weathering. Various sedimentary environments are also described such as fluvial, lacustrine, paludal, glacial, and desert. Specific sedimentary structures and deposits associated with different environments are outlined.
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Continental drift theory proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided evidence like matching fossil and rock formations across continents, but his theory was rejected due to lacking an explanation for how the continents moved. Later studies of the seafloor using sonar revealed mid-ocean ridges where new crust was formed, explaining continental drift through the process of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. Earthquake data showed seismic activity occurs at plate boundaries, confirming the Earth's surface is composed of shifting tectonic plates.
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Structural geology is the study of rock structures and their deformation histories. The goal is to understand the stress fields that caused the observed strain and geometries in rocks. Structural features like faults and folds are important in fields like economic geology because they can form traps that concentrate resources like petroleum and metals. Geologists study these features by measuring the orientations and relationships of rock structures at outcrops.
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Biodiversity hotspots are areas with high levels of endemic species that are under threat. They cover only 1.4% of the Earth's land but contain over 40% of plant species and 35% of animal species. Most hotspots are located in the tropics where optimal conditions exist for growth and diversity. While hotspots have helped protect threatened biodiversity, they leave many ecosystems uncovered and do not address threats facing areas outside their criteria.
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The document provides information about Edexcel Geography Unit 3: Contested Planet. It discusses the six topics covered in the unit, including how they are linked and the suggested order to teach them. It also provides details about the exam structure, including the format and content of sections A and B. Additionally, it defines key terms related to biodiversity such as ecosystems, biomes, genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Finally, it discusses the importance of biodiversity and highlights biodiversity hotspots as areas of very high biodiversity values.
L3 k learn spaces 2014 value of ecosystems
This document discusses how to value ecosystems by examining the economic, cultural, and environmental value they provide. It provides examples of ecosystem services - the benefits ecosystems provide to people - which are broken into supporting, regulating, cultural, and provisioning services. These services have a large impact on human well-being. The document then analyzes two case studies: the Daintree Rainforest in Australia and coral reefs. For the Daintree, it highlights the ecosystem services of carbon sequestration, providing medicine, tourism, cultural value for indigenous people, and its history of logging. For coral reefs, it prompts examining their value through videos and a textbook section.
L6 ap 2014 dangers of mountain env
Mountain environments pose several dangers including cold temperatures, steep terrain, avalanches, and severe weather. Despite these risks, many people are drawn to mountains for recreation like skiing and tourism which provides economic benefits but also puts more lives at risk. When visiting mountains, it is important to be aware of potential hazards from the environment and weather and take proper precautions for protection and survival.
L4 avalanches ap
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a steep mountain slope. Avalanches are typically triggered by heavy snowfall, strong winds, or human activity such as skiing or climbing. When triggered, an avalanche can move at speeds up to 200 km/h, destroying everything in its path. Avalanches pose serious dangers to those caught in their path who may be killed or injured by the force of the moving snow.
L1. introduction to mountain environments ap
This document provides information about mountain environments and includes several learning activities. It begins with an introduction to the key characteristics of mountain environments and includes a virtual field trip. Students are then assigned a mini research project on a particular mountain. The rest of the document outlines several challenge activities for students to complete, including identifying mountain ranges on a map, learning fun facts about mountains, watching a video to describe feelings, and reading an extract about being stranded on a mountain. The overall purpose is to broaden students' knowledge of mountain environments through various learning exercises.
Glacier and corrie formation ap
Glaciers form through the accumulation of snow in mountainous areas. When snow falls during winter and does not melt during cold spring and summer months, it compacts into dense ice over many years under its own weight. Additional layers of snow become compressed into ice, which causes the air to be squeezed out, turning the glacier a blue color. The large mass of ice then flows down the mountain under its own weight, eroding the landscape through two main processes - plucking and abrasion. Plucking involves rocks becoming frozen to the base of the glacier and breaking away as it moves. Abrasion occurs as rocks and debris carried on the glacier's bottom scrape along the valley floor, slowly excavating and shaping the land over
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Fold mountains are formed over millions of years when two tectonic plates collide and push material upwards, creating mountain ranges. The largest fold mountains include the Himalayas, Alps, Andes, Rockies, and Urals. Fold mountains are formed through the upward and downward folding of crustal material. Once formed, mountains undergo weathering and erosion that slowly shape the landscape over time.
L2 growth of brighton ap
Brighton has a long history as a popular seaside resort town on the southern coast of England. It was first mentioned in the Doomsday Book in 1086 and saw growth as a fishing and port town in the 16th-17th centuries. In the 18th century, doctors began promoting the health benefits of sea bathing, attracting more visitors. Major growth occurred in the 19th century with the construction of the Brighton Pavilions by the Prince of Wales in 1787 and the arrival of the London to Brighton Railway in 1841, opening the town to day trippers. The development of tourism infrastructure like the two piers further increased visitor numbers. Today, tourism remains a vital part of Brighton's economy.
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This document discusses rebranding of places and provides examples. It defines rebranding as redeveloping and marketing a place to give it a new identity to attract new investors and visitors. Examples discussed include Miley Cyrus rebranding herself, and the recent rebranding of Kingston Market. Students are asked to consider why places like towns or seaside resorts may want to rebrand. The document also discusses the proposed rebranding of the West Pier area in Brighton and having students design a questionnaire to collect public opinions on the rebranding.
Food lesson 2 ap
- There are two main types of farming: arable farming, which involves growing crops, and pastoral farming, which involves rearing animals. Some farms practice mixed farming with both crops and livestock.
- Arable farming is more common in southeast England where the land is flat, fertile, and has a warm climate and good transportation. Pastoral farming is found more in southwest England where the climate is warm and wet, even if the land is hilly.
- Organic farming avoids artificial fertilizers and pesticides and uses crop rotation to maintain soil fertility.
Diversification
Farm diversification is when farmers grow multiple crops and agricultural products on their land rather than specializing in one main crop. Traditionally, farms focused on a single product like dairy or livestock but now many farms are diversifying their offerings in response to changing market prices. Diversification allows farms to continue making money by providing a variety of agricultural goods and experiences to attract visitors.
L3 food miles
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Year 9 rf revision 2015
To revise key topics in geography including physical landscapes, glaciation, population, development, and tourism. The document provides revision materials such as diagrams, videos, exercises, and practice questions to help students review these concepts in preparation for an assessment. Interactive activities include matching processes of glaciation to their order, identifying features in photographs, and playing geography taboo to review terms related to development. The goal is to strengthen students' understanding of these interrelated topics through multi-modal learning and self-testing activities.
L6 tsunami ap
This document provides information about tsunamis, including what causes them, how they occur, and details about the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It aims to teach students about tsunamis through defining key terms, having students watch explanatory videos, modeling a hypothetical tsunami using play dough to demonstrate the wave's destructive power, and role playing a television news script about the 2004 event.
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This document discusses natural hazards and provides information and assignments about them. It defines a natural hazard as an extreme weather event that occurs naturally. Some examples of natural hazards mentioned are tornados, flooding, avalanches, earthquakes, and hurricanes. Students are assigned a project to research a natural hazard of their choice, with success criteria including describing what causes it, its effects on people, how humans respond to it, where it is found, and including an example, maps, photos and diagrams in their project.
Revision presentation 2015pptx blog
This document provides a summary of content for a Year 8 geography exam revision. It includes the following key points:
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L5 planning questions
The document discusses anagrams and their corresponding words, including "assess", "discuss", "causes", "evaluate", and "consequences". It then provides potential essay questions about the causes and patterns of food insecurity around the world, asking the reader to discuss whether food insecurity has one primary cause or results from various local and regional factors. A model methodology and framework are mentioned but not described.
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This document provides guidance on answering questions about data stimuli effectively:
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- It explains what makes a good data stimulus answer - correctly interpreting the question, focusing on the specific task like impacts rather than just describing changes, and using evidence from the stimulus instead of just the stimulus.
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L3 presentations & research
- 1. Fieldwork and research recap on Flooding and erosion
- 2. Research and fieldwork – EROSION • Fieldwork: – Start Bay, Devon. Especially at Beesands – On the fieldtrip you will carry out fieldwork into erosion of this stretch of the coast. – Other examples; • Land use mapping • Observations: Recent rock falls, undercutting, cliff slumping. • Abandoned buildings • Roads running out to sea • Eroded cliff top paths
- 3. Research and fieldwork – EROSION • Fieldwork: – Start Bay, Devon. Especially at Beesands – On the fieldtrip you will carry out fieldwork into erosion of this stretch of the coast. – Other examples; • Land use mapping • Observations: Recent rock falls, undercutting, cliff slumping. • Abandoned buildings • Roads running out to sea • Eroded cliff top paths • Research? – old-maps.co.uk – Google earth time slider – Old newspaper articles, google news archive search – Old photos search online – Old postcards search online – Census data on populations of towns lost to the sea (online or local library)
- 4. Research and fieldwork – Flooding • Fieldwork – Interview local residents who remember the event. – Coastal flood risk land use mapping. Who would be effected? – Questionnaires to stake holders who have experience of the event (local business owners, tourist information offices, etc.) • Research – Watch this video here on you tube. – Google earth Time Slider – Newspaper articles. Google news search – archive. Your Turn • Use the internet to research into either flooding or erosion. • Use the websites and different resources to look up some of the case studies.