L2 ap weathering and mass movementn
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This document aims to understand how weathering and mass movement processes occur along coasts. It provides information on different types of weathering processes including physical/freeze thaw weathering, chemical weathering through acid rain dissolving rocks like limestone, and biological weathering through plants and animals weakening rocks. It also discusses various mass movement processes such as rock falls, landslides, mudflows, and slumps, and asks the reader to sketch diagrams and an image showing these mass movement processes.
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L2a resource distribution
Global natural resources are distributed unevenly around the world based on climate and geography. Soil quality and types determine agricultural productivity and are best in areas with brown forest soil. Approximately 40% of Earth's surface is used for farming. Forests cover 30% of land, with concentration in Brazil, Canada, and the US. Fossil fuel reserves are highest in the Middle East, Venezuela, Canada, and Russia. Rock and mineral deposits are found worldwide, with certain areas rich in resources like diamonds, iron ore, or precious metals depending on their geological history. Water sources include rivers, rainfall, and desalination, but some populations face future shortages due to climate change and increasing demand. The distribution of these vital natural
L1 variety in supply ap
Freshwater availability varies globally due to its uneven distribution and factors like population growth, climate change, and development levels that impact supply and demand. Aquifers underground store freshwater, but some are being drained faster than replenished. While three percent of water is fresh, most is locked in ice or far from population centers.
L1 mexico city
Mexico City is located in central Mexico within the Valley of Mexico. Globally, it is situated in North America, while regionally it lies near the country's borders with the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico City serves as the capital and largest city of Mexico. The urban structure of Mexico City consists of a central business district surrounded by inner city, suburbs, and an urban rural fringe. Land use varies across these zones from services and high-cost housing in the center to informal settlements at the urban periphery.
L1 ap urbanisation over past 50 years
Over the past 50 years, developed countries experienced slowing urbanization while emerging and developing countries underwent rapid urbanization. Globally, more people now live in urban rather than rural areas, as shown by satellite images of the lit-up world at night. Urbanization increased in emerging and developing nations due to factors like industrialization, rural to urban migration, and economic development.
Inequality in mexico
1. There is significant inequality between the rich and poor in Mexico City. The poor often earn just enough to survive and cannot save, while many work in the informal sector without taxes or protections.
2. The poor typically live in crowded areas on the outskirts of the city that lack basic services, while the rich occupy wealthier neighborhoods near the center with amenities. Income, rural migration, political influence, and long work hours contribute to the differences in quality of life.
3. The main reasons for inequality are that the poor earn low and unstable incomes; many migrate from rural areas with nothing; the rich have more political power; and the poor often work longer hours.
Ap urban growth mexico
Mexico City's population has grown quickly due to rural-to-urban migration as people leave tough rural living for more economic opportunities in the city. This migration has been caused by both national and international factors as companies open new factories near Mexico City, drawing more people. Impacts of migration on Mexico City include the creation of ethnic enclaves, pressure on housing as migrants settle both near the city center and on the outskirts, and services straining to support Mexico City's young and growing population.
Ap solving mexico city problems
This document discusses different strategies for improving cities, specifically in Mexico City. It outlines top-down and bottom-up approaches.
The top-down approach involves large-scale developments led by the government, where officials make the major decisions. Examples given include a housing agency that provided millions of mortgages and private developers building large identical housing developments. Issues arose from a lack of infrastructure to support the new housing.
The bottom-up example provided is of Neza, a squatter settlement whose residents organized to gain land ownership. They raised funds collectively for schools and utilities. This led to a thriving community with less crime than other parts of Mexico City.
The document asks the reader to consider the advantages and
Lesson 7 ap sustainable cities
This document discusses ways that Birmingham, England works to make urban living more sustainable and improve quality of life. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs, often considering social, economic, and environmental aspects of city living. The document outlines an activity for students where they will research in groups how Birmingham specifically addresses issues like recycling, employment, education, health, transport, affordable housing, and energy-efficient housing to promote sustainability.
Lesson 6 retail changes ap
The document summarizes the major changes in retailing that have impacted Birmingham over recent decades:
1. In the 1800s, suburbanization occurred as people moved from the crowded, polluted city center to spacious suburbs.
2. In the 1870s, industry began relocating from city centers to the suburbs.
3. In the 1980s, out-of-town shopping centers like Merry Hill opened, taking 12% of the city center's trade and offering free parking and large retailers.
4. Birmingham's city center fought back through redevelopments like the Bull Ring and Grand Central that improved pedestrian access and amenities.
5. Internet shopping has grown to 15% of
Lesson 5 inequality ap
The document discusses inequality within the city of Birmingham. It notes that while some areas like Moseley and Edgbaston have been commended for their quality of life, other inner-city areas suffer from multiple deprivation and economic decline related to the loss of manufacturing jobs. Deprived areas are identified using indices that measure factors like unemployment, income, health, education, and crime. The causes of inequality in Birmingham stem from deindustrialization that led to high unemployment and less money circulating in inner cities, creating a downward spiral of decline, while newer suburban areas benefit from positive economic multipliers.
L3b ap b'ham popn
Birmingham's population has experienced significant growth and changes since 1825.
1) Birmingham's population grew rapidly in the 19th century during the Industrial Revolution as people moved to the city for work in new industries.
2) The population peaked at around 1.15 million in 1950 before declining between 1950 and 2000 during a period of deindustrialization and globalization that closed factories and increased unemployment.
3) Since 2000, Birmingham's population has grown again due to new developments like the Bull Ring and improved transport links like High Speed 2 rail.
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L2 ap weathering and mass movementn
- 1. Aim: To understand how weathering and mass movement processes occur along the coast
- 2. Quick Recap • Can you remember from last lesson what the following words mean? • Fetch • Beach • Crest • Swash • Backwash • Constructive • Destructive A clue!
- 6. A) Processes of Weathering • These are _____________ that break down rocks in one place which involves no ____________ . It differs to erosion, as erosion needs movement to ______ . A. Processes, water, explode B. Processes, movement, work C. Animals, movement, ignite. D. People, machines, erupt
- 7. 1) Physical / Freeze Thaw • Freeze thaw weathering
- 8. • This is the most common. • It involves the alternative actions of freezing and melting. • It only occurs in places where there the temperature fluctuates around 0 degrees.
- 13. 2) Chemical Weathering • This is also known as solution. Like sugar dissolves in tea, some rocks (e.g. Limestone) and minerals dissolve in rainwater.
- 14. 2) Chemical Weathering • The traces of acid in rainwater (water + carbon dioxide = weak carbonic acid) form a chemical reaction between the acid and limestone. • This can form ‘limestone pavements’.
- 15. 2) Chemical weathering • Florida Sink hole info here and video here
- 16. 3) Biological Weathering • Plant and animals may weaken rock structure. E.g. sand martins along the Norfolk coastline.
- 17. B. Processes of Mass Movement • Rock fall - here • Landslide • Mudflow • Slump – rotational slip • Using the worksheet, complete the four diagrams to show these processes using your text book p147
- 18. Sketch and annotate this image to show mass movement
- 19. Homework
- 20. x