Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?Lisa Granquist
2013 February. Workshop presentation at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, of co-authored research, Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?
Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive PoliciesLisa Granquist
2012 March. Poster presenter. Research, Innovation and Scholarship Expo RISE2012, Northeastern University, Poster title, Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive Policies.
Erosion As Pollution: The net economic and shoreline effects of coastal struc...Lisa Granquist
This is an update to the presentation, "Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?"
Inland property owners observe significant premiums in home values due to the existence of beaches for recreation in front of proximate waterfront properties. As erosion occurs, waterfront property owners seek to protect their properties with hard structures (seawalls, revetments) often waterfront property owners have the legal right to do this.
A negotiated solution? “In theory,” to protect their own home values, inland property owners could pay waterfront property owners to forego hard structural protections or to replenish sand on the beach.
- from slide 21, Hoagland, Granquist, 2014, Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts: Erosion as Pollution?
Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?Lisa Granquist
2013 February. Workshop presentation at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, of co-authored research, Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?
Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive PoliciesLisa Granquist
2012 March. Poster presenter. Research, Innovation and Scholarship Expo RISE2012, Northeastern University, Poster title, Accelerated Erosion and Sea Level Rise, The Case for Adaptive Policies.
Erosion As Pollution: The net economic and shoreline effects of coastal struc...Lisa Granquist
This is an update to the presentation, "Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts, Time for Retreat?"
Inland property owners observe significant premiums in home values due to the existence of beaches for recreation in front of proximate waterfront properties. As erosion occurs, waterfront property owners seek to protect their properties with hard structures (seawalls, revetments) often waterfront property owners have the legal right to do this.
A negotiated solution? “In theory,” to protect their own home values, inland property owners could pay waterfront property owners to forego hard structural protections or to replenish sand on the beach.
- from slide 21, Hoagland, Granquist, 2014, Shoreline Change in Urban Massachusetts: Erosion as Pollution?
Recent presentation on assessing how U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Hurricane Sandy Resilience projects will improve community and ecosystem resilience to sea level rise, storm events and other threats. Presentation highlights development of ecological and socio-economic metrics and provides project examples, marsh restoration, beach restoration, living shorelines and aquatic connectivity (dam removal) of metrics being used to evaluate project performance.
overview of sunset cove restoration plan highlighting community efforts to fund and build a boardwalk out over the wetlands and include a eco dock for oyster studies
Recent presentation on assessing how U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Hurricane Sandy Resilience projects will improve community and ecosystem resilience to sea level rise, storm events and other threats. Presentation highlights development of ecological and socio-economic metrics and provides project examples, marsh restoration, beach restoration, living shorelines and aquatic connectivity (dam removal) of metrics being used to evaluate project performance.
overview of sunset cove restoration plan highlighting community efforts to fund and build a boardwalk out over the wetlands and include a eco dock for oyster studies
In 2017 Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria caused catastrophic damage to coastal regions in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic Ocean, and the 2018 season further contributed to coastal and inland damage with Hurricanes Florence and Michael. Recent forecasts suggest that these high intensity seasons may be representative of a “new normal,†with a greater number of Category 3-5 storms making landfall in the U.S. (Klotzbach and Bell, 2018). Theserecent hurricane seasons have emphasized the need for coastal engineers, scientists, and stakeholders to seek innovative solutions to improve coastal resiliency and effectively mitigate damage during extreme events. In order to mitigate damage, it is critical to better understand the wave transformation during overland flow conditions as well as to identify relationships between wave loading and structural response. document the vulnerability of coastal residences to damage during Hurricane Ike (2008) on the Bolivar Peninsula, TX and Hurricane Irma (2016) in Key West and Big Pine Key, FL. Results identified the need to objectively characterize structural damage as well as to better understand overland wave propagation and transformation in the presence of macroroughness elements such as buildings and rigid vegetation. Natural shorelines (mangroves) were identified as effectively withstanding storm surge flooding and riding waves associated with Hurricane Irma, and further prevented damage to inland structures, showing the parcel scale benefits of natural and nature based features. While natural and nature-based features have potential to serve as sustainable coastal engineering solutions, their engineering performance as well as limitations must be quantified.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Armoring the Massachusetts Coast: Increased Protection or Added Risk?
1. Armoring the Massachusetts Coast: Increased Protection or Added Risk?
ABSTRACT Armoring the coast using structures like seawalls and revetments has been a traditional response to the natural changes in shoreline configuration. But hard engineered structures like seawalls can have unintended consequences on nearby beaches and properties. In addition to the environmental and property impacts of these structures, the enormous costs of construction and maintenance are proving financially unsustainable for taxpayers. With the increased risks to coastal property, infrastructure and livelihoods that are the inevitable results of rising sea levels and increased coastal storm activity and intensity, it is time to examine the effects of engineered hard protection structures. Political and societal impulses to armor the coast must be informed by the results of the study of the actual impacts of these structures. This study examines the change in shoreline erosion rates before and after the installation of hard engineered structures in two Massachusetts coastal communities and some of the economic costs involved. This initial look at the relationship between shoreline protection structures and accelerated erosion demonstrates that this topic is important for further research to support the decisions that will be made about the development and implementation of effective and equitable coastal adaptation and resilience policies.
Lisa Granquist, PhD candidate, Law & Public Policy, Northeastern University
Guest Student, Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
INTRODUCTION
Armoring the coast using structures like seawalls and revetments has been a traditional response to the natural changes in shoreline configuration. But hard engineered structures like seawalls can have unintended consequences on nearby beaches and properties.
CONCLUSION & POLICY IMPACTS
More research is needed to determine accelerated erosion rates near coastal structures
It is now possible to estimate increased costs of risks faced by properties with no structures (both waterfront and inland) near waterfront properties with structures with Kriesel et al. approach (hedonic pricing models)
Retreat from the coast likely now optimal in many places
References
Selected references. Complete list available upon request.
1.
Kriesel, W. et al (several, 2000, 2003, 2007), An economic evaluation of beach erosion management alternatives; Measuring the cost of beach retreat
2.
Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project, 2011. Mass. Office of Coastal Zone Management, Boston, MA.
3.
Tol, Richard S.J., R. Klein, R. Nicholls, (2008). Towards Successful Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise along Europe's Coasts, Journal of Coastal Research, No. 242:432-442.
4.
Titus, J. G., R. A. Park, S. P. Leatherman, J. R. Weggel, M. S. Greene, P. W. Mausel, S. Brown, C. Gaunt, M. Trehan, and G. Yohe. 1991. “Greenhouse Effect and Sea Level Rise: The Cost of Holding Back the Sea.” Coastal Management 19 (2): 171–204.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
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Unsustainable demand on taxpayer resources
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Public underwriting of private risk
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Incentivizes high-risk development & rebuilding
ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
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Accelerated erosion rates on beaches near structures
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Sediment starvation
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Decreased benefits of ecosystem services
Accelerated erosion rates near coastal structures
Harlow’s Landing, Plymouth, MA, 172ft stone revetment, built c.1959
Economic Data
Erosion Rates Data & Results
ArcMap v10.1 analysis of erosion rates before and after c.1959 installation of revetment
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Historical shoreline transect data mapped on ArcGIS v10.1
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Measured differences of transect sets by year of data collection.
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Calculated erosion rates for transect sets and rate and percentage changes over time.
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Superimposed graph sections on Google Earth projection of coast.
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Shoreline data source: Mass Office of Coastal Zone Management Historic Shoreline Change Project
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Coastal structures and repair cost data source: Unpublished datasets from Mass Office of Coastal Zone Management, used with permission.
Method for Erosion Rates
Challenges:
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Accuracies of shoreline measurements
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Effects of accelerated Sea Level Rise?
One town’s problem, Scituate, MA
Scituate
Plymouth
South Shore structures
$33 million to repair existing structures (2009 estimates)
2009 estimates
2009 estimates
Erosion rate bars are not to scale