European migration has followed several patterns: 1) Migrants have moved from Eastern European countries like Poland and Romania with lower GDPs to Western countries like the UK, France, and Germany which have higher GDPs in search of work and higher wages. 2) Migrants have also moved south to countries like Spain. 3) Migration has also occurred from northern to southern Europe as northern Europeans retire to countries with warmer climates like those around the Mediterranean.

1. Migration within Europe

2. Describe the pattern of migration?
Explain the pattern of migration shown?
LO: Migration within Europe

3. European Migration
• Migrants have moved from the east of Europe (Poland,
Romania) into the western core (e.g. UK, France &
Germany).
• They have moved from countries with low GDP to
countries with high ones to find work and earn more
money.
• Migrants have also moved south to the Mediterranean
(e.g. Spain).
• This is because of migrants moving from north Europe
to south Europe (mainly retirees –sunseekers) and
north African migrants crossing the Mediterranean.
LO: Migration within Europe

4. EU open borders
• Most border controls removed in 1995 under the Schengen
Agreement. This agreement meant passports did not
normally need to be shown at EU boarders.
• In 2004 when 8 lower income countries joined the EU (
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Slovenia and
the Czech Republic) the UK was one of only 3 countries to
allow free migration of these people. Other EU members
imposed bans for up to 7 years. Consequently the UK was
the top destination for lots of migrants from these new EU
countries.
• This allows labour forces to move about Europe to where
the demand is highest.
LO: Migration within Europe

5. EU open borders
• The EU has set up a boarder control agency
(Frontex) to police boarders with non EU
member countries.
• In January 2014 the UK, along with 8 other EU
countries, lifted its seven year ban on
migrants from Bulgaria and Romania working
in the UK.
• Video here
LO: Migration within Europe

6. EU open borders
• A large number of the polish who have come
to the UK are low paid service jobs (plumber,
hotel work or farm labourers)
• The UK has a large percentage of migrants but
today they are all scattered around the UK
(including a lot in rural areas working on farms
and hotels). In the past they have been
concentrated in the cities.
LO: Migration within Europe

7. Illegal migrants into
Europe from Africa
• Video here
– Make notes as we watch. Lots of overlapping
points with European Migration.
LO: Migration within Europe