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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
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Gravity settling chamber
1) Gravity settling chambers are the simplest type of equipment used for particulate collection from air streams.
2) They work by reducing the velocity of an air stream carrying particulates so that the particulates settle out of the moving air stream and collect at the bottom of the chamber due to gravity.
3) An air velocity of less than 0.5 m/s provides good particulate collection down to 10 micrometer sized particles.
Gas cyclone separator
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particulate matter from gases. Gases enter the separator and spiral downward, while larger particles are forced against the walls by centrifugal force and collected at the bottom. Key factors affecting efficiency include particle density and size, separator diameter, and pressure drop. Cyclones are inexpensive, require little maintenance and space, but are only moderately effective for small particles.
Wet scrubber
Wet scrubbers are air pollution control devices that remove particles and gases from industrial exhaust streams. They work by introducing the dirty gas stream into a scrubbing liquid, usually water, where the gases and particles are collected. There are different types of wet scrubbers that vary in their complexity and method of operation depending on factors like the industrial process conditions and nature of pollutants. The document then provides details on the features, designing procedure, working principle, types, advantages and disadvantages of wet scrubbers.
Gravity settling chambers for controlling air pollution
1) Gravity settling chambers are used to remove suspended particles from gas by reducing gas velocity to allow particles to settle out under gravity.
2) The simplest chamber is a horizontal duct where large particles settle on the floor, while more advanced chambers use baffles to change gas flow direction.
3) Settling chambers are effective at removing large, abrasive particles before downstream collection and referred to by several names.
Venturi scrubber
Introduction
Principle of operation
Particle collection
Maintenance
operating characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Fabric filters
This document summarizes fabric filters, also known as baghouses, which are air pollution control devices that remove particles from gas streams using filter bags. It describes the key mechanisms by which particles are collected, including inertial collection, interception, Brownian motion, and electrostatic forces. The document outlines different types of baghouses - mechanical shakers, reverse air, and pulse jet - and explains their cleaning processes. Key factors that influence baghouse performance and efficiency are also summarized.
Wet collectors
This document discusses different types of wet collectors used to remove particles from gas streams. It describes impingement scrubbers, which use horizontal plates with small holes to accelerate gas and atomize water droplets to impact particles. Spray towers are also discussed, which use spray nozzles to generate water droplets to impact particles as the gas moves upwards. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided, such as impingement scrubbers handling flammable dusts but creating waste disposal problems, while spray towers have lower pressure drops but mass transfer efficiencies.
Venturi scrubber by SP
Venturi scrubbers are a type of wet scrubber air pollution control device that uses the venturi effect to inject liquid into a high velocity gas stream. They consist of a converging section, throat, and diverging section. Polluted gas enters the converging section and accelerates through the throat where it is mixed with an injected liquid, removing pollutants. Droplets are then separated from the cleaned gas. Venturi scrubbers can effectively remove particles and some gases, have small space needs, and handle high temperature streams, but require high power and can cause corrosion and water disposal issues.
Recommended
Gravity settling chamber
1) Gravity settling chambers are the simplest type of equipment used for particulate collection from air streams.
2) They work by reducing the velocity of an air stream carrying particulates so that the particulates settle out of the moving air stream and collect at the bottom of the chamber due to gravity.
3) An air velocity of less than 0.5 m/s provides good particulate collection down to 10 micrometer sized particles.
Gas cyclone separator
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particulate matter from gases. Gases enter the separator and spiral downward, while larger particles are forced against the walls by centrifugal force and collected at the bottom. Key factors affecting efficiency include particle density and size, separator diameter, and pressure drop. Cyclones are inexpensive, require little maintenance and space, but are only moderately effective for small particles.
Wet scrubber
Wet scrubbers are air pollution control devices that remove particles and gases from industrial exhaust streams. They work by introducing the dirty gas stream into a scrubbing liquid, usually water, where the gases and particles are collected. There are different types of wet scrubbers that vary in their complexity and method of operation depending on factors like the industrial process conditions and nature of pollutants. The document then provides details on the features, designing procedure, working principle, types, advantages and disadvantages of wet scrubbers.
Gravity settling chambers for controlling air pollution
1) Gravity settling chambers are used to remove suspended particles from gas by reducing gas velocity to allow particles to settle out under gravity.
2) The simplest chamber is a horizontal duct where large particles settle on the floor, while more advanced chambers use baffles to change gas flow direction.
3) Settling chambers are effective at removing large, abrasive particles before downstream collection and referred to by several names.
Venturi scrubber
Introduction
Principle of operation
Particle collection
Maintenance
operating characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Fabric filters
This document summarizes fabric filters, also known as baghouses, which are air pollution control devices that remove particles from gas streams using filter bags. It describes the key mechanisms by which particles are collected, including inertial collection, interception, Brownian motion, and electrostatic forces. The document outlines different types of baghouses - mechanical shakers, reverse air, and pulse jet - and explains their cleaning processes. Key factors that influence baghouse performance and efficiency are also summarized.
Wet collectors
This document discusses different types of wet collectors used to remove particles from gas streams. It describes impingement scrubbers, which use horizontal plates with small holes to accelerate gas and atomize water droplets to impact particles. Spray towers are also discussed, which use spray nozzles to generate water droplets to impact particles as the gas moves upwards. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided, such as impingement scrubbers handling flammable dusts but creating waste disposal problems, while spray towers have lower pressure drops but mass transfer efficiencies.
Venturi scrubber by SP
Venturi scrubbers are a type of wet scrubber air pollution control device that uses the venturi effect to inject liquid into a high velocity gas stream. They consist of a converging section, throat, and diverging section. Polluted gas enters the converging section and accelerates through the throat where it is mixed with an injected liquid, removing pollutants. Droplets are then separated from the cleaned gas. Venturi scrubbers can effectively remove particles and some gases, have small space needs, and handle high temperature streams, but require high power and can cause corrosion and water disposal issues.
L 37 final
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Prof. arvind kumar_air_pollution
The document discusses air pollution, including its sources, effects, and methods of control and remediation. It provides details on the composition of the atmosphere and criteria air pollutants. Major sources of air pollution are described as natural (such as volcanoes) and anthropogenic (such as fuel combustion). Air pollutants can be in gaseous or particulate form. Methods for reducing air pollution include the use of emission control devices like catalytic converters, scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators. Air pollution has negative effects on both the environment and human health.
Cyclone separator
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particles from an air or gas stream. As the gas spins rapidly inside the separator, heavier particles are forced outward by centrifugal force and collect on the outer wall. There are several types of cyclones including vertical cyclones for liquid/solid removal, single cyclones that create dual vortexes to separate coarse and fine particles, and multi cyclones which consist of several small diameter cyclones operating in parallel for more efficient separation. The design of a cyclone separator is based on parameters like cylinder length, cone length, entrance/exit diameters, and collection efficiency depends on particle size, centrifugal force exerted, and time force is applied.
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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Gaussian model (kabani & sumeet)
The Gaussian plume model is a simple mathematical model used to predict pollution dispersion from point sources like power plants. It assumes pollutant spread is from molecular diffusion and concentrations follow a double Gaussian distribution based on meteorological conditions. The model calculates concentrations using emission rates, wind speed/direction, stack parameters, and dispersion coefficients that account for atmospheric stability and turbulence. It is one of the most widely used air quality models.
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Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model
The Gaussian plume model is the most common air pollution model. It is based on a simple formula that describes the three-dimensional concentration field generated by a point source under stationary meteorological and emission conditions.
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Equipment to control particulates part 1
This document discusses different types of equipment used to control particulate matter in gaseous streams, including settling chambers, inertial separators, and cyclones. Settling chambers use gravity to remove large particles over 50μm but require a large space. Inertial separators like baffle, louver, and dust trap designs use changes in gas flow direction to remove particles over 20-30μm. Cyclones create a centrifugal force in an enclosed vortex to efficiently remove smaller particles between 10-40μm without moving parts. The document compares the designs and suitable applications of these particulate control equipment.
Sparged Vessel Presentation 5th Sem.pptx
- A sparged vessel, also known as a bubble column, is a cylindrical vessel with a gas distributor at the bottom that introduces gas bubbles into a liquid phase. It is commonly used in chemical processes involving reactions that require gas-liquid contact.
- Gas is introduced through the sparger at the bottom of the vessel, where it forms bubbles that rise up through the liquid phase. Common sparger types include perforated plates, porous plates, membranes, and ring distributors. The size and type of sparger impacts bubble characteristics.
- Sparged vessels provide advantages like excellent heat and mass transfer, low maintenance costs, and lack of moving parts. However, they are not fully understood due to the complexity
Fabric filter/Bag House
Fabric filters are air pollution control devices that remove particulate matter from gas streams using filter bags. They work by having gas pass through filter bags, causing particulate matter to collect on the inner surfaces of the bags. There are several cleaning methods for fabric filters including mechanical shakers, reverse air, and reverse pulse jets. Proper selection of filter media and regular cleaning are important for effective particulate removal while avoiding issues like bag ruptures or pressure drops. Fabric filters are commonly used in industries like metallurgy, cement production, and ceramics manufacturing.
Sludge thickening and stabilization processes
Sludge treatment processes aim to reduce water content, volume, and pathogens while improving stability. Key processes include thickening to increase solids content before downstream treatment, alkaline stabilization using lime to raise pH and eliminate pathogens, and anaerobic digestion to biologically reduce organic matter through hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis. Thickening methods include gravity settling, flotation, centrifugation, belt filters, and drums. Stabilization prevents odor and further degradation, while aerobic or anaerobic digestion further reduces solids before final disposal or reuse.
cetp
This document provides an overview of common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) in India. It discusses how CETPs were originally promoted to reduce wastewater treatment costs for small and medium industries. It then describes the typical wastewater treatment processes used at CETPs, including preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of CETPs, different disposal methods for treated wastewater, and provides case studies of three CETPs in India.
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Absorption and stripping ppt by sumon sahoo
This document provides an overview of absorption and stripping mass transfer operations. It defines absorption as removing a solute gas from a mixture of gases by extracting it into a liquid solvent, while stripping is the reverse process of removing a solute gas from a liquid. It compares plate and packed columns, discussing their advantages. It also covers counter-current flow, solvent selection criteria, mass balances, applications like H2S removal and gas purification, and concludes that absorption is the operation of preferentially dissolving one or more gas components into a liquid.
02 - Stream & Effluent standards, Oxygen sag curve, Self Purification.pptx
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
particulate air pollution measurement
This document discusses various methods for collecting and measuring particulate pollutants. It describes techniques such as sedimentation jars for larger particles, high volume filtration for particles under 10 micrometers, and tape samplers. Impingement methods like wet and dry impingers are also covered, as well as electrostatic precipitation and thermal precipitation for smaller particles. The goal is to collect pollutant samples that can then be analyzed to determine mass concentration and chemical composition.
Cyclone separator
The document discusses cyclonic separators and hydrocyclones. Cyclonic separators use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from gas streams. Gas enters tangentially and spins rapidly, forcing particles outward against the wall to fall into a collection hopper while clean gas exits through the center. Hydrocyclones separate particles in liquid suspensions based on density and size differences, with denser/coarser particles exiting the bottom and lighter/finer through the top. Both devices have various industrial uses like dust collection and mineral processing.
Centrifugal collectors (2)
This document discusses centrifugal collectors and provides details about cyclones. It lists the group members working on centrifugal collectors and then explains the principle and construction/operation of cyclones. Cyclones use centrifugal force to remove particles from a gas stream by forcing the stream into a vortex. They have advantages like low capital cost and can operate under various conditions, but disadvantages include only working for small particles and high pressure drops. The document also mentions mechanical centrifugal collectors but provides no further information.
7. air pollution control
Mobile sources of air pollution such as vehicles can be improved through cleaner fuels, fuel additives, and emission control devices. Two-way catalytic converters oxidize carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons, while three-way catalytic converters also reduce nitrogen oxides. Stationary sources use pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion controls. Particulate matter is controlled through gravitational settling chambers, cyclones, fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and wet collectors. The design and operation of these control devices depends on factors like particle size and concentration.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL L 10
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
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Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particles from an air or gas stream. As the gas spins rapidly inside the separator, heavier particles are forced outward by centrifugal force and collect on the outer wall. There are several types of cyclones including vertical cyclones for liquid/solid removal, single cyclones that create dual vortexes to separate coarse and fine particles, and multi cyclones which consist of several small diameter cyclones operating in parallel for more efficient separation. The design of a cyclone separator is based on parameters like cylinder length, cone length, entrance/exit diameters, and collection efficiency depends on particle size, centrifugal force exerted, and time force is applied.
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The Gaussian plume model is a simple mathematical model used to predict pollution dispersion from point sources like power plants. It assumes pollutant spread is from molecular diffusion and concentrations follow a double Gaussian distribution based on meteorological conditions. The model calculates concentrations using emission rates, wind speed/direction, stack parameters, and dispersion coefficients that account for atmospheric stability and turbulence. It is one of the most widely used air quality models.
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This document discusses different types of equipment used to control particulate matter in gaseous streams, including settling chambers, inertial separators, and cyclones. Settling chambers use gravity to remove large particles over 50μm but require a large space. Inertial separators like baffle, louver, and dust trap designs use changes in gas flow direction to remove particles over 20-30μm. Cyclones create a centrifugal force in an enclosed vortex to efficiently remove smaller particles between 10-40μm without moving parts. The document compares the designs and suitable applications of these particulate control equipment.
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- A sparged vessel, also known as a bubble column, is a cylindrical vessel with a gas distributor at the bottom that introduces gas bubbles into a liquid phase. It is commonly used in chemical processes involving reactions that require gas-liquid contact.
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Fabric filter/Bag House
Fabric filters are air pollution control devices that remove particulate matter from gas streams using filter bags. They work by having gas pass through filter bags, causing particulate matter to collect on the inner surfaces of the bags. There are several cleaning methods for fabric filters including mechanical shakers, reverse air, and reverse pulse jets. Proper selection of filter media and regular cleaning are important for effective particulate removal while avoiding issues like bag ruptures or pressure drops. Fabric filters are commonly used in industries like metallurgy, cement production, and ceramics manufacturing.
Sludge thickening and stabilization processes
Sludge treatment processes aim to reduce water content, volume, and pathogens while improving stability. Key processes include thickening to increase solids content before downstream treatment, alkaline stabilization using lime to raise pH and eliminate pathogens, and anaerobic digestion to biologically reduce organic matter through hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis. Thickening methods include gravity settling, flotation, centrifugation, belt filters, and drums. Stabilization prevents odor and further degradation, while aerobic or anaerobic digestion further reduces solids before final disposal or reuse.
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This document provides an overview of common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) in India. It discusses how CETPs were originally promoted to reduce wastewater treatment costs for small and medium industries. It then describes the typical wastewater treatment processes used at CETPs, including preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of CETPs, different disposal methods for treated wastewater, and provides case studies of three CETPs in India.
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Absorption and stripping ppt by sumon sahoo
This document provides an overview of absorption and stripping mass transfer operations. It defines absorption as removing a solute gas from a mixture of gases by extracting it into a liquid solvent, while stripping is the reverse process of removing a solute gas from a liquid. It compares plate and packed columns, discussing their advantages. It also covers counter-current flow, solvent selection criteria, mass balances, applications like H2S removal and gas purification, and concludes that absorption is the operation of preferentially dissolving one or more gas components into a liquid.
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particulate air pollution measurement
This document discusses various methods for collecting and measuring particulate pollutants. It describes techniques such as sedimentation jars for larger particles, high volume filtration for particles under 10 micrometers, and tape samplers. Impingement methods like wet and dry impingers are also covered, as well as electrostatic precipitation and thermal precipitation for smaller particles. The goal is to collect pollutant samples that can then be analyzed to determine mass concentration and chemical composition.
Cyclone separator
The document discusses cyclonic separators and hydrocyclones. Cyclonic separators use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from gas streams. Gas enters tangentially and spins rapidly, forcing particles outward against the wall to fall into a collection hopper while clean gas exits through the center. Hydrocyclones separate particles in liquid suspensions based on density and size differences, with denser/coarser particles exiting the bottom and lighter/finer through the top. Both devices have various industrial uses like dust collection and mineral processing.
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02 - Stream & Effluent standards, Oxygen sag curve, Self Purification.pptx
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Mobile sources of air pollution such as vehicles can be improved through cleaner fuels, fuel additives, and emission control devices. Two-way catalytic converters oxidize carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons, while three-way catalytic converters also reduce nitrogen oxides. Stationary sources use pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion controls. Particulate matter is controlled through gravitational settling chambers, cyclones, fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and wet collectors. The design and operation of these control devices depends on factors like particle size and concentration.
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This document discusses various methods for controlling air pollution from industrial sources. It covers the following key points:
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2. Process modifications can also control air pollution by switching to lower emission fuels, changing operational practices, and implementing good housekeeping.
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ESP (Electrostatic precipitator)
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Particle Technology- Centrifugal Separation
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Centrifugal Separation covers both sedimenting and filtering centrifuges as well as hydrocyclones. Adaptation of the gravity settling and conventional filtration models, to account for the conceptual centrifugal acceleration, is included. Examples of industrial equipment for centrifugal separation are included.Air pollution control methods and equipments
This document discusses various methods for air pollution control, including particulate and gas control systems. It describes common particulate control devices like cyclones, scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and baghouse filters. For gas control, it covers absorption, adsorption, and incineration methods. Absorption uses liquids to capture gases, while adsorption uses solids. Incineration involves combustion to convert gases to less harmful forms. The document provides details on the mechanisms and effectiveness of these different air pollution control methods.
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Electrostatic precipitator design
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1) Settling chambers use gravity to remove larger particles from gas streams.
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3) Electrostatic precipitators use charged electrodes to capture charged particles from gas streams.
4) Fabric filters use porous fabric to filter out fine particles from gas streams.
exp.9 flow meter demonstration
Muhammed Fuad Rashid
Petroleum Engineering Department at Koya Universiy
Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
2020
absorption.ppt
The document discusses gas absorption and packed towers for removing gases from gas streams. It covers key parameters that affect absorption effectiveness, equipment types, mass transfer modeling, and design considerations. Specifically, it addresses how to (1) determine the minimum liquid flow rate needed, (2) calculate tower diameter based on flooding conditions, and (3) estimate tower height using mass transfer rates. Questions are provided throughout to prompt further discussion.
exp.9 flow meter demonstration
This document summarizes an experiment comparing different flow meter types. The experiment used a rota meter, venturi meter, and orifice plate to measure the flow rate of water. Calculations were shown for three trials measuring the actual and theoretical flow rates to determine the discharge coefficient for each meter. Graphs showed the relationship between discharge coefficient and actual flow rate for the venturi meter and orifice plate. The coefficient was generally higher for the venturi meter compared to the orifice plate.
Preformence of solar collector by zamir
This document summarizes various tests used to evaluate the performance and quality of solar collectors. It describes tests to determine collector thermal efficiency under steady state conditions and how efficiency is affected by factors like flow rate, incidence angle, and number of collectors connected in series. It also outlines standard test requirements and methods to test concentrating collectors, collector time constants, and transient system performance. Finally, it details quality tests for pressure resistance, high temperatures, exposure to weather, thermal and pressure shock, rain penetration, freezing, and impact resistance.
Aircraft propulsion combustor diffusor
Prerequisite - Thermodynamics/ Propulsion Review of Fundamentals/ Ideal Turbojet Performance/ Component Performance/ Non Ideal Cycle Analysis/ Ideal Turbofan Performance/ Non Ideal Turbofan cycle Analysis/ Matching and Off Design/ Turbomachine 2D/ Turbomachine 3D/ Non Ideal Turbomachine 2D/ Axial Flow Compressors Off Design Performance/ Fuel Injection
Lecture 9_Packed Bed Reactor Design_FIR.pdf
This document provides an overview of packed bed reactor design. It defines a packed bed reactor and lists learning outcomes which include determining catalyst weight, pressure drop parameters, and conversion. Advantages and disadvantages of packed bed reactors are given. Equations for governing reactor sizing are presented, including equations relating volumetric reaction rate, catalyst weight, and pressure drop. The impact of pressure drop on gas versus liquid phase reactions is discussed. The Ergun equation for calculating pressure drop is derived. Finally, an example problem is given to demonstrate the effect of pressure drop on conversion.
Paper id 41201605
1. The document describes a process to remove moisture from off-gas containing NOx and SOx from a zirconium oxide plant. The wet cake is dried, producing 450kg/hr of water vapor and visible plume from the stack.
2. A pilot plant test showed condensing 130kg/hr of the off-gas produced 3.55kg of condensate in 1 hour, indicating a condenser could capture around 460kg/hr. The document then details the design of a shell and tube condenser to remove the moisture.
3. The condenser design was based on pilot plant results and aimed to reduce the visible plume from the stack while meeting regulatory standards. Modeling
Akhilesh ongc report
This training report provides an overview of Akhilesh Kumar's training at various ONGC facilities in the Ahmedabad asset, including the Gas Collection Station in Kalol, Gas Compression Plant in Kalol, GGS-VII in Kalol, Central Tank Farm in Nawagam, and Desalter Plant in Nawagam. The report describes the objectives, processes, equipment and facilities at each location. It highlights key components like manifolds, scrubbers, separators, storage tanks, valves, compressors, pumps, vessels, and electrical systems. The concise report aims to familiarize technical students with operations and equipment commonly used across ONGC's surface facilities.
11-design final-.pdf
The Spanish Egyptian Gas Company (SEGAS) liquefied natural gas complex in Damietta, Egypt exports LNG to Spain. The complex began operations in 2004 and exports LNG from its single train facility, which was the first of its kind in Egypt. The gas exported is used in Spain's new gas-fired power stations. The complex is owned by various Spanish and Italian companies along with Egyptian state entities. It has an initial capacity of 5 million tonnes per year. Plans were considered for a second train but were delayed due to issues securing sufficient gas supplies.
4.pdf
The document describes an experiment on removing CO2 from air using a countercurrent rotating packed bed. Key findings include:
- A rotating packed bed was designed to absorb CO2, where the liquid and gas flow countercurrently under centrifugal force. This compact design improves mass transfer efficiency.
- Experiments investigated the effect of parameters like rotational speed, gas and liquid flow rates, and MEA solution concentration on the height of transfer unit (HTU) for CO2 absorption.
- HTU values for CO2 absorption ranged from 2.4 to 4 cm depending on the above parameters. Faster rotational speeds improved mass transfer and lowered HTU.
S-TU221-TA-ENG
Sandvik Materials Technology conducted qualification tests on Sandvik Sanicro 28 (UNS N08028) alloy to evaluate its performance in sour gas well applications. Specimens of the alloy in cold worked and non-annealed condition were exposed to simulated sour gas conditions for 720 hours. The conditions included a temperature of 150°C, H2S partial pressure of 5.5 bar, CO2 partial pressure of 41 bar, and chlorides of 75,000 mg/l. After exposure, microscopic examination found no cracks in any of the U-bend or tensile specimens, confirming the alloy's suitability for use in the specified sour gas environment. Previous literature studies and laboratory tests on the alloy also indicated it should provide
air and noise pollution environmental protection and control
This document discusses various air pollution control equipment and methods used to control particulate and gaseous pollutants from industrial emissions. It describes common particulate control devices like settling chambers, fabric filters, scrubbers, cyclones, and electrostatic precipitators. Factors to consider when selecting appropriate control equipment include particulate size and loading, required efficiency, gas properties, and cost. The summary provides an overview of key pollution control technologies and design considerations.
Unit vii problem set
AIR POLUUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
FLUID MECHANICS LAB MANUAL BSc Civil Technology 3rd Semster
FLUID MECHANICS LAB MANUAL BSc Civil Technology 3rd Semster agr ap ko ko bhi mnual civil kay related zarort ho to mujh sy mail par bat kar lyna
gurchani@950gmail.com
gurchani464@gmail.com
Thermo 5th chap05_p001
1) Air flows through a pipe where heat is supplied, increasing the temperature and pressure. The volume flow rates at the inlet (0.3079 m^3/s) and exit (0.3654 m^3/s) are calculated along with the exit velocity (5.94 m/s) and mass flow rate (0.7318 kg/s).
2) Refrigerant R-134a flows through a pipe where heat is supplied. The volume flow rates at the inlet (0.3079 m^3/s) and exit (0.3705 m^3/s) are calculated along with the mass flow rate (2.696 kg/s) and exit
Application of Parabolic Trough Collectorfor Reduction of Pressure Drop in Oi...
Pipelines are the least expensive and most effective method for the oil transportation.
Due to high viscosity of crude oil, the pressure drop and pumping power requirements are very high.
So it is necessary to bring down the viscosity of crude oil. Heated pipelines are used reduce the oil
viscosity by increasing the oil temperature. Electrical heating and direct flame heating are the common
method used for heating the oil pipeline. In this work, a new application of Parabolic Trough Collector
in the field of oil pipeline transport is introduced for reducing pressure drop in oil pipelines. Oil
pipeline is heated by applying concentrated solar radiation on the pipe surface using a Parabolic
Trough Collector in which the oil pipeline acts as the absorber pipe. 3-D steady state analysis is
carried out on a heated oil pipeline using commercial CFD software package ANSYS Fluent 14.5. In
this work an effort is made to investigate the effect of concentrated solar radiation for reducing
pressure drop in the oil pipeline. The results from the numerical analysis shows that the pressure drop
in oil pipeline is get reduced by heating the pipe line using concentrated solar radiation. From this
work, the application of PTC in oil pipeline transportation is justified.
Similar to L 23 and 24 final (20)
air and noise pollution environmental protection and control
air and noise pollution environmental protection and control
FLUID MECHANICS LAB MANUAL BSc Civil Technology 3rd Semster
FLUID MECHANICS LAB MANUAL BSc Civil Technology 3rd Semster
Application of Parabolic Trough Collectorfor Reduction of Pressure Drop in Oi...
Application of Parabolic Trough Collectorfor Reduction of Pressure Drop in Oi...
More from Dr. shrikant jahagirdar
Indoor Air Pollution .......................
The document discusses indoor and outdoor air pollution. It notes that indoor air pollution is usually a greater threat than outdoor pollution, as indoor pollution levels can be up to 70 times higher. Major indoor pollutants in developed countries include tobacco smoke, formaldehyde, radon gas, and fine particles. Unventilated burning of biomass in developing countries for cooking and heating leads to high indoor pollution levels and over 1.6 million deaths per year globally. Reducing indoor pollution requires using low-toxicity building materials, monitoring air quality, and allowing better mixing of indoor and outdoor air.
06 Filtration.ppt
The document summarizes information from public health reports on the decline of typhoid fever in the late 19th/early 20th century. It finds that:
1) The decline happened gradually over time and was not associated with any centralized intervention like water filtration or chlorination.
2) Improved personal hygiene was likely the dominant factor in reducing typhoid, as the disease spread through food preparation with contaminated hands rather than centralized systems like water or milk.
3) Other factors like refrigeration and commercial/home refrigeration may have reduced summertime increases in typhoid by limiting bacterial growth in food.
Oxidation pond problem
An oxidation pond needs to be designed for a location at 28 degrees latitude to serve a population of 10,000 people. The pond should reduce BOD levels from 300 mg/L to 30 mg/L given an inlet flow of 120 Lpcd, a BOD loading of 200 kg/ha/d, a temperature range of 15-25 degrees C, and a pond removal constant of 0.1/d at 20 degrees C.
Module v Environmental Sanitation
This document discusses various communicable diseases and their transmission and prevention. It covers diseases spread through oral-fecal transmission like typhoid, dysentery, cholera, and hepatitis A. It also discusses airborne diseases like the common cold, measles, influenza, and tuberculosis. Vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, like malaria, are also covered. Prevention focuses on proper sanitation, hygiene, vaccination, and controlling insect vectors to interrupt disease transmission.
Module VI Rural Sanitation
This document provides information on various rural sanitation systems and technologies. It discusses traditional practices like open defecation and dry latrines. It then describes improved sanitation options like flush toilets, ecological sanitation, and government sanitation programs in India like the Central Rural Sanitation Programme and Total Sanitation Campaign. Specific system details are provided for ventilated pit latrines, borehole latrines, dug well latrines, pour flush latrines, and septic tanks. The document emphasizes the importance of sanitation for public health and moving communities towards ending open defecation."
Module IV Wastewater treatment methods
The document discusses various methods for treating wastewater, including removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals. It describes the biological processes of nitrification and denitrification for removing nitrogen. Nitrification converts ammonia to nitrates while denitrification converts nitrates to nitrogen gas. Phosphorus can be removed through chemical precipitation or biological removal by certain bacteria. Heavy metals are removed using physico-chemical methods like adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis.
Hw2 do sag curve
This document contains homework questions regarding calculating dissolved oxygen (DO) sag curves for wastewater discharge into surface streams. It provides information on stream and effluent characteristics, formulas for calculating DO concentration over time and distance from the discharge point, and asks the student to use the information and formulas to answer multiple questions. These include calculating DO levels over time after mixing, maximum BOD discharge limits to maintain minimum DO standards, critical DO deficit levels and times/locations, and drawing DO sag curves for different BOD loadings from multiple discharge points.
Do sag problems
Using data provided about a river and wastewater effluent, the document discusses:
1) Calculating the dissolved oxygen concentration in the river two days after mixing with the effluent.
2) Determining the lowest dissolved oxygen concentration that will result from the waste discharge.
3) Solving practice problems using the Streeter-Phelps equation to model dissolved oxygen sag curves in streams impacted by biochemical oxygen demand from wastewater.
Do sag curve
Students are to submit assignments in groups to facilitate faster marking. They will be divided into rolls of 5 according to their roll numbers, and
Module iii
This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment and management. It provides an overview of equalization, which is a method used to retain wastewater in basins so that the effluent discharged is uniform in characteristics like pH, turbidity, BOD, etc. This helps improve sedimentation efficiency, increase biological process efficiency by minimizing shock loads, and allows for automated control of treatment operations. Equalization basins are sometimes aerated to provide better mixing, chemical oxidation, some biological oxidation, and prevent solids settling. The capacity and detention period of equalization tanks needs to be sufficient to homogenize the wastewater flows.
Septic tank
Lecture notes of Environmental Engg-II as per syllabus of solapur university for TE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid College of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Unit viii
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Unit vii
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
L tannery industry
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
L sugar industry
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
L distillery industry
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
L dairy industry
The dairy industry generates large quantities of wastewater from various processing plants. Sources of wastewater include bottling, cheese making, butter, condensed milk, ghee, milk powder, and ice cream plants. Dairy waste is biodegradable but strong in nature. It has high levels of BOD, COD, total solids, oil and grease. Treatment alternatives for dairy waste include use for irrigation after primary treatment, low-cost treatment using screens and stabilization ponds, and advanced secondary treatment using activated sludge process.
L 31 Water Pollution act and other topics
The document provides information on the Water Pollution Control Act of 1974 in India. It discusses the organizational setup and functions of the Central and State Pollution Control Boards established by the Act. It also defines key terms like pollution and trade effluent. Additional topics covered include common effluent treatment plants, acclimatization of bacteria to treat industrial waste, minimum national standards for effluent discharge, and the process for conducting a waste audit.
L 30 fertilizer industry
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
L 29 steel industry
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
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Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
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This study was my first introduction to using ML which has shown me the immense potential of ML in creating more secure digital environments!
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L 23 and 24 final
- 1. L-23 Gravity settling chamber Air Pollution and Control (Elective-I)
- 2. Gravity settling chamber • Gravity settling chamber is used to remove large and abrasive particles greater than 50 µ from a gas stream. • This is a simple particulate collection device using the principle of gravity to settle the particulate matter in a gas stream passing through its long chamber. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 2
- 3. • The primary requirement of such a device would be a chamber in which the carrier gas velocity is reduced so as to allow the particulate matter to settle out of the moving gas stream under the action of gravity. • This particulate matter is then collected at the bottom of the chamber. • The chamber is cleaned manually to dispose the waste. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 3
- 4. Gas outlet Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 4
- 5. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 5
- 6. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 6
- 7. Gravity settling chamber with trays Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 7
- 8. • The gas velocities in the settling chamber must be sufficiently low for the particles to settle due to gravitational force. • Literature indicates that gas velocity less than about 3 m/s is needed to prevent re-entrainment of the settled particles. The gas velocity of less than 0.3 m/s will produce good results. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 8
- 9. Design Parameters:For 100 % efficiency H L t Vt VH --------------Eq -i Where, H= height of settling chamber L = Length of settling chamber Vt = Velocity of settling VH = velocity of flow Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 9
- 10. From equation I Settling velocity may be given by VH H Q Vt L LW -------------Eq – ii W= width of chamber (As Q = area of inlet x velocity = W.H.VH ) For streamline flow settling velocity is given by 2 Vt g .d p . p ------------- Eq- iii 18. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 10
- 11. • Equating equations ii and iii, 2 VH H g .d p . p L 18. therefore, we get, d p min 18. H .V H g .L. p -------Eq iv dpmin is min size of particle that can be removed with 100 % efficiency Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 11
- 12. For better and conservative results multiplying factor 2 can be taken d p min 18. H .VH 2 g.L. p Efficiency of settling chamber is given by d p dp dp m in 2 Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 12
- 13. • Another equation for calculation of efficiency is 2 g .d p p .L 1 exp 18. .V .H H Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 13
- 14. Settling chamber with trays Settling trays can be used to improve removal efficiency. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 14
- 15. If, n = number of trays, then equation iv becomes d p min 18. H .V H n. g .L . p Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 15
- 16. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET Advantages 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Low initial cost Simple construction Low maintenance cost Low pressure drop Dry and continuous disposal of collected solids 6. Can be constructed of any material 7. Temperature and pressure limitations are imposed by type of material used 16
- 17. Disadvantages 1. Large space requirement 2. Only comparatively large particles can be collected Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 17
- 18. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET Applications of settling chamber • Settling chambers are mostly used as pre-cleaners. They are sometimes used in the process industries, particularly in the food and metallurgical industries as the first step in dust control. • Use of settling chambers as pre-cleaners can also reduce the maintenance cost of high efficiency control equipment, which is more subject to abrasive deterioration. 18
- 19. Problem (Peavy -Rowe) Assume viscosity of air = 2.1 x 10-5 kg/m.s Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 19
- 20. Solution :- Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 20
- 21. Objective questions Q1. Gravity settling chamber removes _____________ particles. Q2. In gravity settling chamber, the gas velocity of less than _______ m/s will produce good results. Q3. If trays are used in settling chamber efficiency _______________. Q4. True or false? 1.Settling chamber can be connected with other control equipments in series to increase efficiency. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 21
- 22. 2. Settling chamber can remove less than 1 µ particles with 90% efficiency. 3. Increase in flow velocity increases efficiency of settling chamber. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 22
- 23. Theory questions Q1. Explain working of gravity settling chamber with neat sketch. Also give advantages and disadvantages. Q2. Write a note on ‘Design of gravity settling chamber’. Prof S S Jahagirdar, NKOCET 23