This document summarizes various tests used to evaluate the performance and quality of solar collectors. It describes tests to determine collector thermal efficiency under steady state conditions and how efficiency is affected by factors like flow rate, incidence angle, and number of collectors connected in series. It also outlines standard test requirements and methods to test concentrating collectors, collector time constants, and transient system performance. Finally, it details quality tests for pressure resistance, high temperatures, exposure to weather, thermal and pressure shock, rain penetration, freezing, and impact resistance.
Solar collectors are devices that absorb solar radiation and convert it to heat, transferring the heat to a circulating fluid like air, water, or oil. There are two main types of solar collectors:
1. Flat plate or non-concentrating collectors, which have an absorber surface of the same area as the aperture and do not concentrate sunlight. These include liquid collectors using water or glycol and air collectors for space heating.
2. Concentrating or focusing collectors, which use reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto a smaller absorber area to increase heat flux. These include cylindrical parabolic, central receiver, and compound parabolic collectors.
Aia Csi Transpired Solar Collector June2007Sunreps
This document provides information on transpired solar collectors for fresh air heating systems. It discusses how transpired solar collectors work, capturing solar energy through perforated panels to preheat outdoor air drawn into buildings. It outlines key factors to consider for solar collector performance like orientation, climate, solar absorptivity, available solar radiation, ventilation requirements, collector wall area, and air flow rate. The document also notes benefits of these systems for both heating and cooling seasons.
This document discusses various parameters that affect the performance of liquid flat plate solar collectors (LFPCs). It describes the typical construction of an LFPC, including a rectangular casing with an absorber plate and tubes to circulate a heat transfer fluid. Key parameters discussed include selective absorber coatings, the number of glass covers, spacing between components, and materials used. The document also examines how geometric factors, insulation, and other variables like working fluid and absorber porosity can impact efficiency. It concludes that major losses occur through the top of collectors and that efficiency can be improved by optimizing design elements to reduce heat loss.
Flat plate solar collectors consist of an absorber plate, transparent cover sheets, and an insulated box. The absorber plate absorbs solar radiation and conducts the heat to a heat transfer fluid. Common materials for the absorber plate include metals with coatings to maximize absorption while minimizing emittance. Cover sheets such as glass allow sunlight to pass through while reducing convective heat losses. Flat plate collectors are widely used for low temperature applications like domestic hot water and space heating.
This document discusses different types of solar collectors used to collect solar energy and convert it to heat. It describes flat-plate collectors that can collect both direct and diffuse sunlight to produce temperatures under 90°C for heating buildings and drying crops. Air collectors are also discussed that use air rather than liquid as the heat transfer medium. Concentrating collectors that focus sunlight are also covered, including parabolic cylindrical collectors and Fresnel lens collectors, which allow for higher concentration ratios. Advantages include higher efficiency and reduced material needs, while disadvantages include sensitivity to sun orientation and higher costs.
Solar collector : A device designed to absorb incident solar radiation and to transfer the energy to a fluid passing in contact with it, usually liquid or air.
Flat – Plate Collector : A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called the glazing) and a dark-colored absorber plate. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less than 180°F.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF EVACUATED TUBE AND FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS IN NORD...IAEME Publication
In this paper the results of the experiments of measuring the performance of evacuated tube and flat plate type solar collectors in Nordic climate conditions are presented. The measurements of the collectors of a given and equal gross surface area were performed in the test installation
environment. While the azimuth of the collectors was preserved constantly by 180°, the vertical incline was varied in order to identify the most suitable value of the thermal performance
what is solar collector and its types and its advantages and disadvantages of solar collector types . cross section and its diagrams of solar collector .
Solar collectors are devices that absorb solar radiation and convert it to heat, transferring the heat to a circulating fluid like air, water, or oil. There are two main types of solar collectors:
1. Flat plate or non-concentrating collectors, which have an absorber surface of the same area as the aperture and do not concentrate sunlight. These include liquid collectors using water or glycol and air collectors for space heating.
2. Concentrating or focusing collectors, which use reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto a smaller absorber area to increase heat flux. These include cylindrical parabolic, central receiver, and compound parabolic collectors.
Aia Csi Transpired Solar Collector June2007Sunreps
This document provides information on transpired solar collectors for fresh air heating systems. It discusses how transpired solar collectors work, capturing solar energy through perforated panels to preheat outdoor air drawn into buildings. It outlines key factors to consider for solar collector performance like orientation, climate, solar absorptivity, available solar radiation, ventilation requirements, collector wall area, and air flow rate. The document also notes benefits of these systems for both heating and cooling seasons.
This document discusses various parameters that affect the performance of liquid flat plate solar collectors (LFPCs). It describes the typical construction of an LFPC, including a rectangular casing with an absorber plate and tubes to circulate a heat transfer fluid. Key parameters discussed include selective absorber coatings, the number of glass covers, spacing between components, and materials used. The document also examines how geometric factors, insulation, and other variables like working fluid and absorber porosity can impact efficiency. It concludes that major losses occur through the top of collectors and that efficiency can be improved by optimizing design elements to reduce heat loss.
Flat plate solar collectors consist of an absorber plate, transparent cover sheets, and an insulated box. The absorber plate absorbs solar radiation and conducts the heat to a heat transfer fluid. Common materials for the absorber plate include metals with coatings to maximize absorption while minimizing emittance. Cover sheets such as glass allow sunlight to pass through while reducing convective heat losses. Flat plate collectors are widely used for low temperature applications like domestic hot water and space heating.
This document discusses different types of solar collectors used to collect solar energy and convert it to heat. It describes flat-plate collectors that can collect both direct and diffuse sunlight to produce temperatures under 90°C for heating buildings and drying crops. Air collectors are also discussed that use air rather than liquid as the heat transfer medium. Concentrating collectors that focus sunlight are also covered, including parabolic cylindrical collectors and Fresnel lens collectors, which allow for higher concentration ratios. Advantages include higher efficiency and reduced material needs, while disadvantages include sensitivity to sun orientation and higher costs.
Solar collector : A device designed to absorb incident solar radiation and to transfer the energy to a fluid passing in contact with it, usually liquid or air.
Flat – Plate Collector : A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called the glazing) and a dark-colored absorber plate. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less than 180°F.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF EVACUATED TUBE AND FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS IN NORD...IAEME Publication
In this paper the results of the experiments of measuring the performance of evacuated tube and flat plate type solar collectors in Nordic climate conditions are presented. The measurements of the collectors of a given and equal gross surface area were performed in the test installation
environment. While the azimuth of the collectors was preserved constantly by 180°, the vertical incline was varied in order to identify the most suitable value of the thermal performance
what is solar collector and its types and its advantages and disadvantages of solar collector types . cross section and its diagrams of solar collector .
A heat pipe heat exchanger is a simple device which is made use of to transfer heat from one location to another, using an evaporation-condensation cycle.
A passive solar system heat-driven convection or heat pipes to circulate the working fluid. Passive systems cost less and require low or no maintenance, but are less efficient. Overheating and freezing are major concerns.
An active solar system use one or more pumps to circulate water and/or heating fluid. This permits a much wider range of system configurations.
Solar collectors convert solar radiation into heat and transfer the heat to a fluid. There are two main types: flat plate collectors and concentrating collectors. Flat plate collectors are simpler and less expensive, while concentrating collectors can reach higher temperatures but are more complex. The key components of flat plate collectors are an absorber surface, glass cover, fluid tubes, and insulation. Concentrating collectors use mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight onto receivers to achieve higher temperatures suitable for steam generation.
The document discusses different types of solar energy collection and conversion technologies. It describes flat-plate solar collectors that use glass, absorbing plates, and fluid circulation to collect solar radiation and transfer heat. It also discusses solar photovoltaics, which convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells usually arranged in panels. Finally, it briefly introduces solar cookers, which use reflected and absorbed sunlight to reach cooking temperatures without the need for fuels.
The document presents a presentation on flat plate solar collectors. It discusses that flat plate collectors consist of an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover and a dark absorber plate. Solar radiation passes through the cover and heats the absorber plate. A fluid circulates through tubes connected to the plate to transfer the heat. Flat plate collectors are commonly used for domestic hot water and space heating. They can achieve temperatures up to 100°C. While simpler than other collectors, they require a large surface area for high energy output. The presentation covers the components, materials, applications and advantages of flat plate collectors.
Solar energy concentration techniques in flat plate collectorIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on improving the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors through various concentration techniques. It discusses the limitations of conventional flat plate collectors and reviews studies that have incorporated things like twisted wire coils inside tubes, double glazing, selective coatings including nanoparticles, and optical lenses to increase absorption. Experimental results showed efficiency increases ranging from 5% to 15% compared to standard flat plate collectors without these enhancements. The review concludes that ongoing developments aim to make flat plate collectors more compact and effective through improved materials and designs.
Solar collector ppt by Vivek Atalkar.
A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun. These devices are primarily used for active solar heating and allow for the heating of water for personal use.
Classification of Solar collector
Flat Plate collector
The document classifies solar energy collectors into two main types: non-concentrating and concentrating. Non-concentrating collectors include flat-plate liquid and air collectors, while concentrating collectors use optical methods like reflection and refraction to focus sunlight onto a small receiver area. Concentrating collectors can achieve higher temperatures than non-concentrating types but require solar tracking and have more complex construction. The document also discusses performance indices for collectors like efficiency and concentration ratio, and provides examples of common collector designs within each classification type.
The document provides an overview of four solar thermal power generation technologies: parabolic trough collectors (PTC), central receiver systems (CRS), linear Fresnel collectors (LFC), and solar dishes (SD). It describes the basic components, specifications, operation principles, and performance of each technology. PTCs use parabolic mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto a linear receiver while CRS use an array of mirrors to reflect sunlight to a central receiver. LFCs and SDs also concentrate sunlight but use different mirror and receiver configurations. The document compares the key parameters of each technology such as efficiency, capacity factor, and costs.
The document discusses two main types of solar collectors: flat-plate collectors and focusing plate collectors. Flat-plate collectors are used for low temperature applications below 100 degrees Celsius and consist of a casing, absorber plate, glass covers, insulation, and fluid passage tubes. Focusing plate collectors are used for higher temperatures from 100 to 300 degrees Celsius and concentrate solar radiation onto an absorber tube covered with glass to prevent reradiation losses.
Flat plate solar collectors have several advantages over concentrating collectors including their ability to absorb both direct and diffuse solar radiation without tracking the sun, their simpler non-tracking design which reduces costs, and their suitability for powering remote areas without access to conventional fuels. However, flat plate collectors also have some disadvantages such as higher initial installation costs compared to other heating systems, requiring more roof space for mounting, and varying efficiency depending on weather conditions. Applications of flat plate collectors include solar water heating, solar drying, and solar distillation.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This presentation gives us an insight into different types of solar plate collectors, and their respective applications.
This document provides information about flat-plate solar collectors. It discusses that flat-plate collectors are the simplest type of solar collector that uses a stationary black surface placed at an angle to the sun. It then describes the key components of flat-plate collectors including the absorber plate, flow passages, transparent cover, insulation and enclosure. Applications for flat-plate collectors include domestic hot water, space heating, and pool heating. The document also discusses factors that impact collector efficiency and methods to improve efficiency such as reducing thermal losses.
This document discusses flat-plate solar collectors. It describes the key components of flat-plate collectors including the absorber plate, flow passages, cover plates, enclosure and insulation. Absorber plates are typically made of copper or steel while cover plates are usually glass or plastic. Insulation such as fiberglass is used to limit heat loss. Flat-plate collectors can be oriented fixed, or use one-axis or two-axis tracking to follow the sun for improved performance. Collector performance depends on absorbed radiation, heat removal factor and heat loss coefficient. Applications include domestic hot water and space heating.
This document discusses different types of solar collectors. It begins by explaining that a solar collector exposes a dark surface to solar radiation to absorb heat, which is then transferred to a thermal storage tank. It then describes various concentrating and non-concentrating collector types, including flat-plate, compound parabolic, line focus, and point focus collectors. Specific examples are provided, such as parabolic dish collectors, cylindrical parabolic concentrators, and central tower receivers. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of utilizing solar energy to protect the environment for future generations.
This document discusses solar power and its various applications. It describes different types of solar collectors like flat plate collectors and focusing collectors. It also explains solar thermal power generation in low, medium and high temperature cycles. Photovoltaics are discussed along with the physics of solar cell operation. Various uses of solar energy like water heating, cooking, power generation are presented.
Performance investigation of a flat plate collector incorporated with differe...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the present study a performance evaluation is conducted between a normal flat plate collector (Solar Air Heater) and a flat plate collector incorporated with Tin material. The normal flat plate collector consists of a sheet metal placed within the casing and the Tin incorporated flat plate collector consists of Tin material which is stationed in the form of tins along with the sheet metal within the casing The temperature and velocity of air was measured by using a Thermocouple and Thermo- anemometer respectively. The performance evaluation is done on the basis of efficiencies produced by the two flat plate collectors for natural convection and forced convection. Index terms: Tin, Collector, Convection
Types of collectors used in solar power installationlee shin
solar is one of the renewable energies which can be easily trapped and utilized for the home. collectors are the source to capture sun power. the slides here shows the some of the types of collectors
Performance Analysis of Forced Convection Solar Dryer for TurmericIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, development, and performance analysis of a forced convection solar dryer for drying turmeric. Key points:
1) A forced convection solar dryer was designed and built consisting of a solar collector, blower, drying chamber, and supporting frame. Experiments were conducted drying turmeric using this solar dryer.
2) Results showed that turmeric could be dried from an initial 85.33% moisture content to a final 10.76% moisture content within 48 hours of sunshine using the solar dryer, much faster than open-air drying.
3) Drying time, solar intensity, moisture loss, and dryer efficiency were evaluated under different experimental conditions. The solar
IRJET- Efficiency Improvement and Performance Analysis of Solar Collector...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using nanofluids to improve the efficiency of solar collectors. It summarizes the design and fabrication of a flat plate solar collector that uses different shaped copper tubes (circular, triangular, square) as absorber tubes. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed and results were validated through experimentation on a fabricated solar collector setup. The goal was to increase collector efficiency by changing the absorber tube geometry to increase surface area for heat transfer.
A heat pipe heat exchanger is a simple device which is made use of to transfer heat from one location to another, using an evaporation-condensation cycle.
A passive solar system heat-driven convection or heat pipes to circulate the working fluid. Passive systems cost less and require low or no maintenance, but are less efficient. Overheating and freezing are major concerns.
An active solar system use one or more pumps to circulate water and/or heating fluid. This permits a much wider range of system configurations.
Solar collectors convert solar radiation into heat and transfer the heat to a fluid. There are two main types: flat plate collectors and concentrating collectors. Flat plate collectors are simpler and less expensive, while concentrating collectors can reach higher temperatures but are more complex. The key components of flat plate collectors are an absorber surface, glass cover, fluid tubes, and insulation. Concentrating collectors use mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight onto receivers to achieve higher temperatures suitable for steam generation.
The document discusses different types of solar energy collection and conversion technologies. It describes flat-plate solar collectors that use glass, absorbing plates, and fluid circulation to collect solar radiation and transfer heat. It also discusses solar photovoltaics, which convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells usually arranged in panels. Finally, it briefly introduces solar cookers, which use reflected and absorbed sunlight to reach cooking temperatures without the need for fuels.
The document presents a presentation on flat plate solar collectors. It discusses that flat plate collectors consist of an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover and a dark absorber plate. Solar radiation passes through the cover and heats the absorber plate. A fluid circulates through tubes connected to the plate to transfer the heat. Flat plate collectors are commonly used for domestic hot water and space heating. They can achieve temperatures up to 100°C. While simpler than other collectors, they require a large surface area for high energy output. The presentation covers the components, materials, applications and advantages of flat plate collectors.
Solar energy concentration techniques in flat plate collectorIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on improving the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors through various concentration techniques. It discusses the limitations of conventional flat plate collectors and reviews studies that have incorporated things like twisted wire coils inside tubes, double glazing, selective coatings including nanoparticles, and optical lenses to increase absorption. Experimental results showed efficiency increases ranging from 5% to 15% compared to standard flat plate collectors without these enhancements. The review concludes that ongoing developments aim to make flat plate collectors more compact and effective through improved materials and designs.
Solar collector ppt by Vivek Atalkar.
A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun. These devices are primarily used for active solar heating and allow for the heating of water for personal use.
Classification of Solar collector
Flat Plate collector
The document classifies solar energy collectors into two main types: non-concentrating and concentrating. Non-concentrating collectors include flat-plate liquid and air collectors, while concentrating collectors use optical methods like reflection and refraction to focus sunlight onto a small receiver area. Concentrating collectors can achieve higher temperatures than non-concentrating types but require solar tracking and have more complex construction. The document also discusses performance indices for collectors like efficiency and concentration ratio, and provides examples of common collector designs within each classification type.
The document provides an overview of four solar thermal power generation technologies: parabolic trough collectors (PTC), central receiver systems (CRS), linear Fresnel collectors (LFC), and solar dishes (SD). It describes the basic components, specifications, operation principles, and performance of each technology. PTCs use parabolic mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto a linear receiver while CRS use an array of mirrors to reflect sunlight to a central receiver. LFCs and SDs also concentrate sunlight but use different mirror and receiver configurations. The document compares the key parameters of each technology such as efficiency, capacity factor, and costs.
The document discusses two main types of solar collectors: flat-plate collectors and focusing plate collectors. Flat-plate collectors are used for low temperature applications below 100 degrees Celsius and consist of a casing, absorber plate, glass covers, insulation, and fluid passage tubes. Focusing plate collectors are used for higher temperatures from 100 to 300 degrees Celsius and concentrate solar radiation onto an absorber tube covered with glass to prevent reradiation losses.
Flat plate solar collectors have several advantages over concentrating collectors including their ability to absorb both direct and diffuse solar radiation without tracking the sun, their simpler non-tracking design which reduces costs, and their suitability for powering remote areas without access to conventional fuels. However, flat plate collectors also have some disadvantages such as higher initial installation costs compared to other heating systems, requiring more roof space for mounting, and varying efficiency depending on weather conditions. Applications of flat plate collectors include solar water heating, solar drying, and solar distillation.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This presentation gives us an insight into different types of solar plate collectors, and their respective applications.
This document provides information about flat-plate solar collectors. It discusses that flat-plate collectors are the simplest type of solar collector that uses a stationary black surface placed at an angle to the sun. It then describes the key components of flat-plate collectors including the absorber plate, flow passages, transparent cover, insulation and enclosure. Applications for flat-plate collectors include domestic hot water, space heating, and pool heating. The document also discusses factors that impact collector efficiency and methods to improve efficiency such as reducing thermal losses.
This document discusses flat-plate solar collectors. It describes the key components of flat-plate collectors including the absorber plate, flow passages, cover plates, enclosure and insulation. Absorber plates are typically made of copper or steel while cover plates are usually glass or plastic. Insulation such as fiberglass is used to limit heat loss. Flat-plate collectors can be oriented fixed, or use one-axis or two-axis tracking to follow the sun for improved performance. Collector performance depends on absorbed radiation, heat removal factor and heat loss coefficient. Applications include domestic hot water and space heating.
This document discusses different types of solar collectors. It begins by explaining that a solar collector exposes a dark surface to solar radiation to absorb heat, which is then transferred to a thermal storage tank. It then describes various concentrating and non-concentrating collector types, including flat-plate, compound parabolic, line focus, and point focus collectors. Specific examples are provided, such as parabolic dish collectors, cylindrical parabolic concentrators, and central tower receivers. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of utilizing solar energy to protect the environment for future generations.
This document discusses solar power and its various applications. It describes different types of solar collectors like flat plate collectors and focusing collectors. It also explains solar thermal power generation in low, medium and high temperature cycles. Photovoltaics are discussed along with the physics of solar cell operation. Various uses of solar energy like water heating, cooking, power generation are presented.
Performance investigation of a flat plate collector incorporated with differe...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the present study a performance evaluation is conducted between a normal flat plate collector (Solar Air Heater) and a flat plate collector incorporated with Tin material. The normal flat plate collector consists of a sheet metal placed within the casing and the Tin incorporated flat plate collector consists of Tin material which is stationed in the form of tins along with the sheet metal within the casing The temperature and velocity of air was measured by using a Thermocouple and Thermo- anemometer respectively. The performance evaluation is done on the basis of efficiencies produced by the two flat plate collectors for natural convection and forced convection. Index terms: Tin, Collector, Convection
Types of collectors used in solar power installationlee shin
solar is one of the renewable energies which can be easily trapped and utilized for the home. collectors are the source to capture sun power. the slides here shows the some of the types of collectors
Performance Analysis of Forced Convection Solar Dryer for TurmericIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, development, and performance analysis of a forced convection solar dryer for drying turmeric. Key points:
1) A forced convection solar dryer was designed and built consisting of a solar collector, blower, drying chamber, and supporting frame. Experiments were conducted drying turmeric using this solar dryer.
2) Results showed that turmeric could be dried from an initial 85.33% moisture content to a final 10.76% moisture content within 48 hours of sunshine using the solar dryer, much faster than open-air drying.
3) Drying time, solar intensity, moisture loss, and dryer efficiency were evaluated under different experimental conditions. The solar
IRJET- Efficiency Improvement and Performance Analysis of Solar Collector...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using nanofluids to improve the efficiency of solar collectors. It summarizes the design and fabrication of a flat plate solar collector that uses different shaped copper tubes (circular, triangular, square) as absorber tubes. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed and results were validated through experimentation on a fabricated solar collector setup. The goal was to increase collector efficiency by changing the absorber tube geometry to increase surface area for heat transfer.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Evacuated Tube Solar Dryer with Desiccant Dehu...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes a study analyzing the performance of an evacuated tube solar dryer with a desiccant dehumidifier and phase change material (PCM) as thermal storage.
2. In the setup, air is passed through a desiccant bed to increase its moisture absorption capacity before being heated in evacuated tubes and used to dry 5kg of chopped spinach leaves over 8 hours.
3. Preliminary results found that using a desiccant increased drying effectiveness by producing hotter, drier air for drying compared to the solar dryer without a desiccant. Maximum temperatures reached 70°C with desiccant versus 67°C without.
IRJET- Numerical Analysis of Twisted Tape Absorber Tube of Solar Parabolic Tr...IRJET Journal
This document numerically analyzes the fluid flow in a twisted tape absorber tube of a parabolic trough solar collector to improve efficiency. It studies the effect of heat transfer in absorber tubes with different velocity profiles. The analysis finds that a twisted tape insert increases the outlet temperature compared to a plain tube. At low velocity of 0.1 m/s, the outlet temperature is 322K for the twisted tape tube, while it is lower at 309K for the higher velocity of 1.2 m/s. The absorber tube with twisted tape insert provides better performance at lower minimum velocities.
The document discusses different types of solar collectors and components of flat plate collectors. Flat plate collectors consist of an absorber plate, glass cover, insulation, and enclosure. They work by absorbing solar radiation to heat a fluid flowing through tubes attached to the absorber plate. The performance of collectors is determined by measuring the inlet and outlet fluid temperatures and flow rate. Collector efficiency is the ratio of useful energy gain to incident solar energy. Temperature distributions in collectors and methods for calculating overall heat loss coefficients are also examined.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Solar Air Heater to Increase Heat Transfer R...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on enhancing heat transfer in solar air heaters through the use of artificial surface roughness. An experimental solar air heater was fabricated with an absorber plate containing V-shaped, discrete fins as artificial roughness. Temperature and pressure measurements were taken at various points along the air flow path through the heater over multiple days. The results showed an increase in heat transfer coefficient of 15-35% compared to a smooth surface, demonstrating that artificial roughness is an effective way to improve solar air heater performance.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This document discusses the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis of a solar flat plate collector. It begins by introducing solar collectors and their importance. It then describes the objectives of performing CFD simulation on a flat plate collector to better understand flow and temperature distribution. The document outlines the 3D model created in ANSYS Workbench and simulation performed in ANSYS FLUENT. It validates the CFD results by comparing the outlet air temperature to experimental results, showing good agreement. The overall goal is to analyze the collector's heat transfer capability using CFD and gain insights that are difficult to obtain through experimentation alone.
Experimental Analysis of Refrigeration system using Microchannel condenser & ...AM Publications
Micro channel condenser now days can be effectively used due to its compact size in automobile sector. For
its performance, refrigeration set up designed to detect experimental performance of microchannel condenser. In this
paper performance analysis of microchannel condenser compared with round tube and coil tube. In analysis of
microchannel condensers it can be found more effective at various loads and operating conditions. For review same size of
microchannel and round tube condenser are considered. From the previous experiments the micro-channel condenser was
made to have nearly an identical face area, depth and fin density as the round-tube condenser which was the baseline. Also
varying the refrigerants, C.O.P & Efficiency of micro channel the various reviews of reviewer micro channel condenser
can be efficient and also refrigerator system requires less power.
1982-Extraction of exergy from solar collectors under time-varying conditions...Abhishek Saxena
This document discusses maximizing the exergy output from solar collectors over time under time-varying insolation conditions. It demonstrates that there is a trade-off between storing solar exergy and immediate use, and that to maximize long-term exergy output the collector temperature must vary in step with insolation levels. It also shows that operating collectors at a constant temperature regardless of time of day results in significant steady exergy losses.
This document describes an experiment conducted to evaluate the efficiency and collector time constant of a solar flat plate collector under varying intensities of sunlight and a constant wind speed. Readings of temperature and flow rate were recorded over time as water was circulated through the collector using a pump under conditions of 100W/m2, 130W/m2 and 160W/m2 light intensity and 5m/s wind speed. The efficiency of the collector decreased over time for each light intensity due to cooling from the constant wind. Graphs of efficiency vs. time showed efficiency decreasing and leveling off over time, indicating the collector reaching steady state conditions. Formulas used to calculate efficiency and time constant are also presented.
Three solar air heater having different absorber areas by Er. Vikas ManushendraVikas Manushendra
Three types of solar air heaters were experimentally compared: (1) a simple single pass design (Type I), (2) Type I with an aluminum wire mesh added (Type II), and (3) Type I with aluminum fins added (Type III). Thermal efficiency was highest for Type III at 46.12%, followed by Type II and Type I, showing that adding features to disrupt airflow and increase the heat transfer area, like aluminum wire mesh and fins, improves thermal performance. The study aimed to evaluate designs for maximizing heat collection from solar radiation using a low-cost air heating technology.
Three solar air heater having different absorber areas by er. vikas manushendraVikas Manushendra
In earlier years, the entire world has become completely dependent on relic energies such as natural gas, lubricant and coal. This type of resources are existing in limited amount. These resources has been created by natural processes across millions of years. The whole world is completely dependent upon energy. Energy is the basic part of our daily life. The utilization of energy in different purpose such as heating and cooling homes, schools and businesses. Energy is also used for lighting and appliances. In machinery purpose, energy perform different function such as running our vehicle, flying plane, boat sail and running machine. Energy is the player of new generation wealth and also it is significant component of economic development. In future consideration renewable energy is the main source of energy. The complete world is developing day by day and it requires more and more fuel so all the developing countries are focusing on shortage of fuels and necessity for other energy sources. Solar energy is the best alternative source of energy and also it is pollution free and unlimited energy. Nowadays world, the development of country is calculated by the energy utilization of country, the energy of utilization is completely connected with GDP of Country.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Testing and Performance of Parabolic Trough Collector in Indian climateIJSRD
A parabolic trough collector is a type of solar thermal collector that is straight in one dimension and curved as a parabola in the other two, lined with a polished metal. The energy of sunlight which enters the mirror parallel to its plane of symmetry is focused along the focal line, where object is positioned that is intended to be heated. It consists of a tube, which runs the length of the trough at its focal line. The mirror is oriented so that sunlight which it reflects is concentrated on the tube, which contains a fluid which is heated to a high temperature by the energy of the sunlight. The hot fluid can be used for many purposes.
Testing and Performance of Parabolic Trough Collector in Indian climateIJSRD
This document analyzes the performance of a parabolic trough solar collector designed and tested in Indian climate conditions. A parabolic trough collector was fabricated with a 1m long mirror and tested at different mass flow rates of water. Key findings from the tests include:
1) As mass flow rate increased, outlet temperature decreased but efficiency and heat removal factor increased.
2) Higher mass flow rates led to lower heat loss coefficients and surface temperatures.
3) The maximum efficiency of 69.39% was achieved at a mass flow rate of 3kg/hr.
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a domestic direct type multi-shelf solar dryer. The study aims to validate the design of this dryer and demonstrate its temperature distribution and radiation heat flux. The simulation is performed using ANSYS-Fluent software. The results show that the air temperature inside the dryer cabinet increases significantly to around 326K due to natural air circulation. Radiation heat flux contours indicate that the dryer shelves receive sufficient flux to validate the dryer's design for food drying applications.
1. This document describes solar thermal desalination systems that use multi-layer heat recovery to improve energy efficiency. Heat from evaporation is recovered in successive layers, requiring less energy input.
2. Three prototype systems were tested - using flat plate collectors, parabolic reflectors, and evacuated tubes. Measurements showed the flat plate system produced 44kg of water over 24 hours with 98% energy efficiency.
3. Dynamic simulations using Matlab/Simulink accurately modeled the multi-stage process and predicted annual performance at other locations. Optimization continues to further reduce energy requirements.
Mine Environment II Lab_MI10448MI__________.pptxDr Romil Mishra
This presentation constitutes an integral component of a designated course curriculum and is crafted and disseminated for its intended audience. None of the contents within this presentation should be construed as a formal publication on the subject matter. The author has extensively referenced published resources in the preparation of this presentation, and proper citations will be provided in the bibliography upon completion of its development.
Experimental investigate to obtain the effectiveness of regenerator using Air.IJESFT
The regenerator is a kind of heat exchanger that provides a way to get the gas to the low temperature with as much potential work (cooling power) as possible without carrying a lot of heat with it. It doesn’t put heat in or out of the system but it absorbs heat from the gas on one part of the pressure cycle and returns heat to the gas on the other part.
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Preformence of solar collector by zamir
1. Chapter 4: performance of Solar
Collector
1
Kandahar University
Engineering Faculty
Energy Department
Instructor: Senior teaching asst. Eng Agha Mohammad
Prepared by: Zamir Fatemi
2. Table of content
1. Introduction
2. Collector Thermal Efficiency
3. Collector Incidence Angle Modifier
4. Concentrating Collector Acceptance Angle
5. Collector Time constant
6. Dynamic System Test Method
7. Collector Test Results And Preliminary Collector
Selection
8. Quality Test Methods
2
3. Introduction
The thermal performance of solar collectors can
be determined by the detailed analysis of the
optical and thermal characteristics of the
collector materials and collector design.
To perform the required tests accurately and
consistently, a test ring is required. Two such
rings can be used closed and open loop collector
test rings
3
6. Cont.
Important parameters :
1. Global solar irradiance at the collector plane, Gt.
2. Diffuse solar irradiance at the collector aperture.
3. Air speed above the collector aperture.
4. Ambient air temperature, Ta.
5. Fluid temperature at the collector inlet, Ti.
6. Fluid temperature at the collector outlet, To.
7. Fluid flow rate, m.
6
7. Cont.
In addition, the gross collector aperture area, Aa,
is required to be measured with certain accuracy.
The collector efficiency, based on the gross
collector aperture area is given by:
7
8. 4.1 Collector Thermal Efficiency
The collector performance test is performed
under steady-state conditions, whit steady
radiant energy falling on the collector surface, a
steady fluid flow rate, and constant wind speed
and ambient temperature.
The useful energy gain from the collector is
calculated from
We know from last chapter
8
9. Cont.
The thermal efficiency is obtained by dividing Qu
by the energy input (AaGt):
The beam radiation is normal incidence, thus the
is used.
9
10. Cont.
For concentrating collectors, the following
equations from Chapter 3 can be used for the
useful energy collected and collector efficiency:
Notice that, in this case, Gt is replaced by GB,
since concentrating collectors can utilize only
beam radiation (Kalogirou, 2004).
10
12. Cont.
Stagnation point: is Intersection with the
horizontal axis.
And
Low radiation level
High temperature of fluid inlet
That heat losses equal solar absorption
In such case the collector delivers no useful heat
And occur when no fluid flows.
12
14. Cont.
The heat loss coefficient, UL, is not constant but
is a function of the collector inlet and ambient
temperatures. Therefore,
Applying above Eq in last Eqs, we have the
following.
For flat-plate collectors.
and for concentrating collectors.
14
15. Cont.
Therefore the efficiency can be written as:
For flat-plate collectors.
and for concentrating collectors.
if
thus
15
16. Cont.
4.1.1 Effect of Flow Rate
When the flow rate is changed during the use from
test the FR is:
F´ is assumed constant.
16
17. Cont.
4.1.2 Collector in series:
If N panels of the same type are connected in
series and the flow is N times that of the single
panel flow is used during the testing then the
single panel performance data can be applied K
is:
The correlation factor is:
17
19. Cont.
4.1.3 Standard Requirements
Here, the various requirements of the ISO
standards for both glazed and unglazed collectors
are presented.
Glazed collectors
according to ISO 9806-1:1994,certain environmental
conditions are required (ISO, 1994):
1. Solar radiation greater than 800 W/m2.
2. Wind speed must be maintained between 2 and 4
m/s. If the natural wind is less than 2 m/s, an
artificial wind generator must be used.
19
20. Cont.…
3. Angle of incidence of direct radiation is within ±2% of the
normal incident angle.
4. Fluid flow rate should be set at 0.02 kg/s-m2 and the fluid flow
must be stable within ±1% during each test but may vary up to
±10% between different tests.
5. To minimize measurement errors, a temperature rise of 1.5K
must be produced so that a point is valid.
20
21. Cont…
Unglazed collectors:
The same requirements are used like for a glazed
collector.
Using a solar simulator
For countries which don’t have stubble whether they
use solar simulator. They are two types:
Point source large area multiple
lamps
The simulator characteristics required are
1. Mean irradiance 50 W/m2
2. Radiation at any point must not differ 15% from
the mean radiation.
21
22. Cont.
3. The spectral distribution of 0.3 and 3 µm
equivalent to air mass 1.5.
4. Thermal irradiance should be less than 50 W/m2.
5. As in multiple lamp simulators, the spectral
characteristics of the lamp array change with time,
and as the lamps are replaced, the characteristics
of the simulator must be determined on a regular
basis.
22
23. 4.2 Collector incidence angle
modifier
The incidence angle modifier, Kθ, is defined as the
ratio of (τα) at some incidence angle θ to (τα)n at
normal incidence.
4.2.1 Flat plate collector:
If we plot the incidence angle modifier against
,It is observed that a straight line is obtained, which
can be described by the following expression:
23
25. Cont.
4.2.2 Concentrating Collectors
For concentrating collectors the Kθ when the fluid inlet
teprature is equal with ambient air temperature is:
And efficiency is
where is the measured efficiency at the
desired incident angle and,
with being the normal optical efficiency
25
27. 4.3 Concentrating collector acceptance
angle
collector acceptance angle is the range of
incidence angles (as measured from the normal to
the tracking axis) in which the efficiency factor
varies by no more than 2% from the value of
normal incidence.
27
28. 4.4 Collector time constant
The time constant of a collector is the time
required for the fluid leaving the collector to reach
63.2% of its ultimate steady value after a step
change in incident radiation.
28
31. 4.5 Dynamic system test method
For location that do not have steady environmental
conditions for long periods of time, the transient or
dynamic system test method can be used.
In the dynamic system test method test period is
much shorter and can be conducted at any time of
the year under variable weather conditions.
The test data are measured every 5-10 min.
For a glazed collector the :
31
32. 4.6 Collector test results and
preliminary collector selection
Collector testing is required to evaluate the
performance of solar collectors and compare
different collectors to select the most appropriate
one for a specific application.
Collector efficiency curves may be used for
preliminary collector selection.
Efficiency curves illustrate only the instantaneous
performance of a collector.
The collector performance equations can also be
used to estimate the daily energy output from the
collector.
32
34. Cont.
To select a collector :
Define the application (water heating, space
heating and etc…)
Define the thermal properties of applied area and
application (Tin, Tou, Ts, especially the highest
and lowest points and m)
Select economically
Select less area collector and lightweight
Essay understood buy user and essay respire
34
35. 4.7 Quality test methods
The constructed materials of the collector should
be able to withstand
Effect of circulating fluid (corrosion, scale deposits,
etc.)
Adverse effects of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation
Cyclic thermal operation many times a day
Extreme operating conditions (freezing,
overheating, thermal shocks, external impact due to
hail or vandalism, and pressure fluctuations)
For quality tests, the operate the temperature
is stagnation temperature.
35
36. Cont.
1. Internal pressure test
2. High temperature resistance test
3. Exposure test
4. External thermal shock test
5. Internal thermal shock test
6. Rain penetration
7. Freezing test
8. Impact resistance test
36
37. Cont.
4.7.1 Internal pressure test:
The absorber is pressure tested to assess the extent
to which it can withstand the pressures it might meet
in service.
The test pressure should be 1.5 times the maximum
collector operating pressure specified by the
manufacturer and should be maintained for at least
one hour.
For air-heating collectors, the test pressure is 1.2
times the maximum collector operating pressure
difference above or below atmospheric pressure, as
specified by the manufacturer, maintained for 10 min.
37
38. Cont.
38
4.7.2 High temperature resistance test:
This test is for withstand at high irradiance levels without
failures such as glass breakage, collapse of plastic
cover, melting of plastic absorber, or significant deposits
on the collector cover from out-gassing of the collector
material.
The temperature equal to stagnation temperature. The test
is for a minimum of one hour after a steady state is reached.
39. Cont.
4.7.3 Exposure test:
The exposure test provides a low-cost indication
of the aging effects that are likely to occur during
a longer period of natural aging.
An empty collector is mounted outdoors and all of
its fluid pipes are sealed to prevent cooling by
natural circulation of air except one pipe, which is
left open to permit free expansion of air in the
absorber. the collector is exposed until at least 30
d (which need not be consecutive) have passed
with the minimum irradiation shown in Table 4.7.
39
40. 4.7.5 External Thermal Shock Test
Collectors from time to time may be exposed to
sudden rainstorms on hot, sunny days, causing a
severe external thermal shock. This test is intended
to assess the capability of a collector to withstand
such thermal shocks without a failure.
This test is under high level of solar irradiance for a
period of 15 minute.
An empty collector is used as in previous test.
40
41. Cont.
4.7.5 Internal Thermal Shock Test
Some times the collectors sudden intake of cold
heat transfer in hot sunny day, and cussing a
severe internal thermal shock.
This test is used to assess the capability of a
collectors to withstand such thermal shock with
out familiar. An empty collector is used as in
previous test. And the same reference conditions
given in table 4.7 can be used.
The heat transfer fluid must have a temperature
less then 25C.
41
42. 4.7.6 Rain Penetration
This test is intended to assess the extent to which
collectors are substantially resistant to rain
penetration.
The collector must be sprayed on all sides using
spray nozzles or showers for a test period of 4 h.
For this test, the inlet and outlet fluid pipes of the
collector must be sealed, and they must be
placed in a test rig at the shallowest angle to the
horizontal recommended by the manufacturer.
Otherwise is 45° to the horizontal or less.
For collectors that can be weighed, weighing
must be done before and after the test. For
collectors that cannot be weighed, the penetration
of water into the collector can be determined only
42
43. Cont.
4.7.7 Freezing
This test is intended to assess the extent to which
water-heating collectors that are claimed to be
freeze resistant can withstand freezing and freeze-
thaw cycles.
Shallowest angle is which recommended by
manufacture otherwise is 30.
1. Filled with water, kept at operation pressure for 10
minutes and then drained.
2. The content of the observer are maintained at -20
±2°C for 30 min.
3. And raised to above 10°C during thawing cycle for43
44. Cont.
4.7.8 Impact Resistance Test
This is an optional test which is intended to
assess the extent to which withstand the effects
of heavy impacts.
The collector is mounted either vertically or
horizontally.
A 150g steel ball is used simulate the heavy
impact.
The point of impact must be no more than 5 cm
from the edge of the collector cover and no more
than 10 cm from the corner of the collector cover,
the steel ball is dropped 10 times.44