Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil Prepared by Prof S S Jahagirdar, Associate Professor, N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech, Solapur

1. UNIT- VII
L-34
Acclamatization and Operation and
Maintenance

2. Contents
Acclimatization of bacteria to toxic
wastes, Process Sensitivity, operation
and maintenance requirements.

3. Acclimatization of bacteria
The type of treatment for industrial waste is
decided on BOD/COD ratio.
BOD/COD
ratio
Type of treatment given
> 0.6 Wastes are biologically treatable
without acclimatization.
0.3 to 0.6 Wastes need acclimatization for
biological treatment
< 0.3 Wastes are treated by other
methods

4. Acclimatization involves gradual
exposure of the waste in increasing
concentration to the seed or initial
microbiological population, under
controlled conditions.

5. Many processes in the chemical,
pharmaceutical, plastic, petrochemical
industries, etc., generate Waste Water
which contains organic toxic compounds.
The utilization of biological treatments is
based on the capacity of microorganisms,
specifically bacteria, to degrade a greatspecifically bacteria, to degrade a great
quantity of toxic substances.
The pollutants are treated as food by the
bacteria and these, while feeding, increase
their population at the same time as the
water gets treated.

6. Due to its toxicity, biological treatment of
Waste Water containing a toxic substrate
is difficult, since the microorganisms are
initially not able to treat that substance.
Therefore, the first step to make a SBRTherefore, the first step to make a SBR
(Sequential Batch Reactor) operative is the
acclimatization, i.e., the adaptation of
the microorganisms to a particular
toxic substrate.

7. Acclimatization is commonly practiced in
case of toxic wastes such as phenol,
arsenic, cyanide etc.
For example to treat a phenolic waste of
500 mg/lit. bacteria are exposed gradually
from initial concentration of 20 mg/lit tofrom initial concentration of 20 mg/lit to
500 mg/lit
Nutrients are also added to the waste in
the form of urea, superphosphate or any
other compound containing N and P

8. Operation and maintenance requirements
a. Operations
Waste water treatment plant operators
should be trained person.
The operation of wastewater treatment plant
includesincludes
1. Putting unit processes and equipment in an
out of the service.
2. Adjusting chemical feeds (dosages of
chemicals).
3. Controlling the treatment process and
monitoring efficiency.

9. Sewer system operation includes
1. Pumping stations
2. Control of pretreatment and flow
monitoring to avoid sewer overflowsmonitoring to avoid sewer overflows
All operations requires documentation,
inspection during regular rounds for most
wastewater treatment plants, operation 24-
hr per day and 365 days per year.

10. Supervisory control and systems assists
operators by monitoring equipment and
reporting alarms at a single location.
The control system may include as automaticThe control system may include as automatic
dialer to notify on cal operators while
facilities are unstaffed.

11. b. Maintainance
Maintenance staff generally include general
maintenance workers, electricians and laboures.
Q and M staff may
1. lubricate equipment
2. Clean filters2. Clean filters
3. Perform routine tasks
Maintenance staff responsible for Maintenance,
inspection, troubleshooting and adjustment of
various mechanical equipments such as pumps,
gates, compressors, conveyors, isolating power,
maintenance of analog and digital equipment.

12. Theory Questions
Q1. Write short notes on
1. Acclimatization of bacteria
2. Operation and maintenance of ETPs