The second in our series of workshops designed to gather input from stakeholders involved in existing off-grid projects in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This event is workshop scheduled to be held in Malaysia for the ASEAN countries will be organised by the Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) in collaboration with Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).

1. Micro Hydro Project For Rural
Electrification
MOHD FAUZI ISMAIL
GENERAL MANAGER
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE
SIRIM

2. Presentation Outlines
• Malaysia’s Micro Grid & Rural Electrification
• Micro Hydro
• SIRIM’s Experience in Micro Hydro Projects
• Project Pre-Feasibility Study
• Project Implementation
• Other RE Projects For Community.
• Conclusion

3. Malaysia Micro Grid & Rural
Electrification

4. Hydropower in SEA
Source: World Small Hydropower
Development Report 2013

5. Rural Electrification.
Source: KKLW & Pemandu

6. People in rural and remote regions are acquiring improved
access to energy in three ways:
(1) at the household level, using isolated devices and
systems for power generation, heating, and cooking;
(2) through community-level mini-grid systems;
(3)through grid-based electrification, where the grid is
extended beyond urban areas.
Rural Electrification

7. Malaysia Micro Grid Market.
1. The MicroGrid Market is driven by rural electrification
projects in Sabah and Sarawak.
2. Rural areas have bad road connectivity which makes it
tough to obtain right of way for constructing
transmission lines, thus making it favorable for
establishing Microgrid with RE.
3. Some several remote villages are powered by diesel
generator; high electricity production cost and diesel
transportation issues.
4. Sabah and Sarawak can rely on potential RE resources
such as Solar, Hydro, Biomass and Wind.

8. Cont..
Restraints:
1. Scarcity of skilled labor for the smooth running of
microgrids
2. Acquiring unregistered land for building the
projects
3. Transportation issue while constructing at
remote sites with no road connectivity
4. High Capital cost discouraging private parties to
own a micro grid.

9. In many rural areas of developing countries, connections to central
electric grids are economically prohibitive and may take decades to
materialise, if at all. Moreover, grid connectivity does not address
the need for access to sustainable heating and cooking options.
Renewable energy systems offer an unprecedented opportunity to
accelerate the transition to modern energy services in remote and
rural areas, by increasing access to sustainable cooking and
heating devices; affordable lighting, communications, and
refrigeration; improved public health.
The utilization of renewable energy in rural area.

10. Rural Electrification: Solar Hybrid
Source: KKLW & Pemandu

11. MICRO HYDRO

12. Type / size Electricity Generation
Big Hydro > 100 MW (grid connected)
Small Hydro 1 MW – 100 MW
Mini-hydro 100 kW – 1000 kW
Micro-hiydro 5 kW – 100 kW
Pico-hydro < 5k W
Classification of Hydro System

13. Micro-Hydro Power(MHP)
Clean and
renewable

14. Beneficial for rural electrification and rural economy development .
 Higher energy payback ratio (Energy output/ Energy consume), less
land requirement and gas emission
Type of energy
Energy payback
ratio
Land requirement
(km2/TWh)
Gas emission
(KT.eq.CO2/TWh)
Hydropower (run-
of-river)
267 0.1 1
Hydropower
(reservoir)
205 152 15
Wind power 39 72 9
Photovoltaic 9 45 13
Nuclear 16 0.5
Conventional
thermal
5-11 4 974
What are the manifold benefits of SHP?

15. Rich resources, widely spread;
Renewable, decentralized, simple and well-developed technology;
 Cost-effective energy
Generation
Technology
Invested Cost Generation Cost
International
($/kW)
China (Yuan/kW)
International
(￠/kWh)
China (RMB
cent/kWh)
Small hydro 800-6,000 6,000-10,000 4-10 5-10
Large hydro 4,000-5,000 2-8
Wind power 1,000-2,000 9,000-12,000 5-13 40-50
Photovoltaic 20,000-30,000 25-125 100-300
What are the manifold benefits of SHP?
Cost comparison of renewable energies

16. SIRIM’S EXPERIENCE IN
MICRO HYDRO

17. SIRIM Micro Hydro System: 3 Locations
 Kg Sri Stamang 2, Lubok Antu, Sarawak (18.3kW)
 Lembah Temir, Raub, Pahang (15.5kW)
 Kg. Libang, Tambunan Sabah (5kW)

18. System Developed by SIRIM

19. Micro Hydro at Kg Sri Stamang 2

20. Another Project For an Eco Resort

21. Project Pre-Feasibility Study

22. Pre-Feasibility Study
1. Hyrology
To ensure micro hydro system is able to operate in sustainable
manner. Studies include:
I. Dependable Discharge
II. Flood Discharge
III. Catchment Area
IV. Potential Energy

23. Pre-Feasibility Study
i. ‘Dependable Discharge’ to determine
the type of turbine and civil structure.

24. Pre-Feasibility Study
ii. ‘Flood Discharge’ to determine
suitable location for civil structure from
flood prone area.

25. PreFeasibility Study
iii. ‘Catchment Area’ to ensure continuous
supply of water.

26. Prefeasibility Study
iv. Potential Power; To determine
suitable design of civil structure for
optimum micro hydro power..

27. Prefeasibility Study
2. Socioeconomic Study
Structure of Community, quality of life and its
relationships
Settlement
Growth
Mobility
Interrelationship between, social, culture,
environment and economy.
Culture
Social Processes
Hierarchy in community
Household economy

28. Design and Construction Study.
Civil & Structure:
i. Intake weir and settling
basin
ii. Water Channel
iii. Forebay tank
iv. Penstock
v. Power House
Electro-mechanical:
i. Turbine
ii. Generator
Elektrical & Transmission
i. Control Unit
ii. Poles
iii. Transmission Cables
1. Micro Hydro Components

29. 2. Selection of appropriate
Technology and type of
Turbine.
 Pelton
Francis
Turgo
Cross-flow
Multi-jet pelton
Kaplan
Propeller
Design and Construction

30. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
…Community Support
• OperationModule.
• TrainingforMaintenance
• Collectionoffundtosupportsustainableoperationof
microhydrosystem.

31. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

32. Kampung Sri Stamang 2

33. Micro-hydro Project by SIRIM
Kampung Sri Stamang 2, Lubok Antu,
Sarawak
 ‘Rumah panjang’ + Klinik Desa (~ 240 orang)
 Location: Sungai Ubo
 Power Generation: 18.3 kW
 Type of Turbine: Crossflow
 Construction: Okt 2010 – July 2011
 Commissioning Date: 29 February 2012

34. Logistic: Kg Sri Stamang 2

35. Overall Project Layout:

36. Under Construction..

37. Power House.

38. Project Completion..

39. Benefits
• Community can now rely on 24 hrs of cheap
and sustainable source of energy.
• Community can sustain the operation and
maintenance through training and villager’s
participation.
• Due to difference in electricity load
requirement, nearby clinic benefits from
Micro Hydro project..

40. Other RE Projects For
Community

44. • This is a 10kW capacity Project. It is divided into two systems; 5kW using thin film module and
another 5 kw using mono crystalline module.
• Both systems have been completed and fully installed
• This project has received quota of SEDA at RM 1.20 per kwh
• Commercial start of date(NCOD) starting on 7 December 2014
• REPPHA application has been applied with the TNB for purchase agreement between the owner
and the TNB
• Testing and commissioning were carried out after the installation of TNB solar PV meter.

45. CONCLUSION
• RE will continue to play important roles towards rural
electrification, especially in Sabah and Sarawak.
• Micro Hydro provides sustainable form of energy for
community.
• Other RE ; Solar, Wind may also be considered for remote
island communities.

46. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION