The document discusses wind power plants and wind turbines. It begins with an introduction that defines wind as the motion of air caused by uneven heating of the Earth's surface from the Sun. There are two types of wind: planetary winds caused by greater heating near the equator, and local winds caused by differences in land and sea temperatures and the heating of air along hills and mountains. The document then provides a brief history of windmill use and developments in wind turbine design. It includes calculations to determine the total power contained in wind and formulas for extracting maximum power from wind using wind turbines based on aerodynamic lift principles.

1. Wind Power Plant
COMSATS University Islamabad -
Sahiwal Campus12/14/2018 1

2. Course Instructor
Mr. Ghulam Abbas Gohar
Group Members
Ahmad Faraz FA15-BME-004
Asad Ali FA15-BME-006
Hafiz Talha Zulfiqar FA15-BME-010
Malik Usama Abid FA15-BME-026
Muhammad Shareef Nawaz FA15-BME-068
Bilal Aslam FA15-BME-074
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3. Out Line
• Introduction
• History
• Calculations
• Principle of Wind turbine
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4. Introduction
What is Wind?
Wind energy is rightfully an indirect form of solar
energy since wind is induced by the uneven heating
of the earth crust by the sun. so it is simply the
motion of air.
Two types of wind
• Planetary wind
• Local wind
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5. Planetary wind
This winds are caused by the greater solar heating of
the earth surface near the equator than near the
northern pole or southern pole. This cause the
warm air to rise and flow through the poles and
cold air from the poles to flow back to the equator.
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6. Local wind
This wind is caused by two mechanisms. The first is
differential heating of land and water. The land mass
becomes hotter than the water which cause the air
above the land to heat up than the air above the
water. The warm air of land rises and cooler heavier
above the water moves in to replace it. This is the
mechanism of shore breezes at night this
mechanism is reversed.
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7. The second mechanism of local winds is caused by
hills and mountain sides. The air above the slopes
heats up during the day and cools down at night.
This causes the heated air during the day to rise
along the slope and relatively cool heavy air to flow
down at night.
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8. History
• Persian Windmill to grind grain into floor.
• Thirteen Century AD China to evaporate sea water for
the production of salt.
• Twelfth century were used post mills in France and
England for grinding grain, pumping, sawmilling and
other purposes.
• In nineteenth century first wind mill to drive an
electrical generator was built by P. La Cour of Denmark.
• After the world war I, sails with airfoil cross section
were developed for the use in wind mill and now a days
this result is called propeller type wind mill.
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9. • Experiments on twin bladed mills were conducted
in US in 1940 called a Smith Putnam Machine.
• 1000 windmill were working in 1965 in Portugal for
electric power purpose.
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10. Calculations
Total Power Contained in Wind
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12. Total Power Contained in Wind Chart at 15C and 1 atm
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13. Let Consider control volume on Wind mill
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14. Pressure and velocity Profiles of a wind moving in Horizontal
axis propeller type wind turbine.
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15. Now consider air move in turbine.
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18. Now the maximum power can be extracted
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20. For maximum Efficiency
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21. For Actual Power
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22. Principle of Wind turbine
What is the Principle of wind turbine either it is
Thrust or either it is Aerodynamic.
Now again consider a control volume but this time
it is not turbine but it is solid disc.
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25. when we consider thrust force we see that
power is reduced by one half than maximum
power so thrust principle is not favorable so
we use aerodynamic principle.
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