kidney.pptx
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gross Anatomy of kidney, description of external and internal structure of kidney, the relation of right and left kidney. difference between right and left kidney, and some clinical abnormalities relate to kidney,
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kidney.pptx
- 1. KIDNEY DR SANA YASEEN ANATOMY DEPARTMENT
- 2. INTRODUCTION Organs of the body involved in the formation of urine & its elimination from body are referred to as URINARY SYSTEM It consist of : 2 kidneys 2 ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
- 4. GROSS FEATURES Is paired excretory organ COLOUR: Reddish brown SHAPE: Bean LOCATED: Hypochondrium + Lumbar PERITONEUM: Retroperitoneal SIZE: 11cm long & 6cm wide Right kidney is slightly lower than left because of the presence of liver RELATION WITH RESPIRATION: moves vertically up &down with respiration app; 2cm
- 6. COMPONENTS OF URINARY SYSTEM KIDNEYS: in which urine is formed URETER: carry urine to bladder BLADDER: urine is store URETHRA: carry urine from bladder to exterior
- 7. STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY 2 POLES UPPER POLE BROAD LOWER POLE POINTED 2 SURFACES ANTERIOR IRREGULAR POSTERIOR FLAT 2 BORDERS MEDIAL CONVEX WITH CENTRAL CONCAVITY LATERAL CONVEX
- 9. HILUM of KIDNEY: is a depression present in the medial border of kidney which interiorly opens up into large cavity called RENAL SINUS, it transmit from front to back: Renal vein, Renal artery, Renal pelvis
- 10. RELATIONS Upper pole: supra renal gland Medial border: Above hilum: supra renal gland Below hilum: ureter Hilum: renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis COMMON TO BOTH THE KIDNEYS:
- 11. POSTERIOR RELATIONS: Diaphragm Medial & lateral arcuate ligament Psoas major Quadratus lumborum Transverse abdominis Sub costal vessels Subcostal nerve Iliohypogastric nerve Ilio inguinal nerve
- 13. ANTERIOR RELATION RIGHT KIDNEY Right supra renal gland Liver 2 nd part of duodenum Hepatic flexure of colon Small intestine LEFT KIDNEY Left supra renal gland Spleen Stomach Pancrease Splenic vessels, & flexure Decending colon jejunum
- 15. LATERAL RELATION RIGHT KIDNEY Right lobe of liver Hepatic flexure of colon LEFT KIDNEY • Spleen • Descending colon
- 16. COVERINGS LAYERS OF KIDNEY From inward to out FIBROUS CAPSULE: surrounds kidney can easily be pealed off PERIRENAL FAT: it covers capsule, fills up extra space in renal sinus RENAL FASCIA: is condensation of connective tissue & encloses kidneys & supra renal gland also called “false capsule” , it is composed of anterior & posterior layer PARA-RENAL FAT: contains large amount of fat , fills para vertebral gutters & forms cushion for kidney Peri-renal fat, renal fascia & para renal fat supports kidneys & hold them in position on posterior abdominal wall
- 18. GEROTA / INTERNAL FASCIA: Is a space between two layer of renal fascia extends Above to upper pole of supra renal gland Below to iliac fossa CONTENTS: Aorta Inferior vena cava Kidneys Supra renal gland
- 20. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY Each kidney is composed of : 1. Outer most cortex- dark brown 2. Inner medulla- light Consist of pale striated conical masses called PYRAMID having apex base and body. The apex of pyramids are known as renal papilla which projects into minor calyces. The base of renal pyramid gives outer prolongation in form of faint light color conical structure into cortical part of kidney called MEDULLARY RAYS.
- 22. Cortical substance present in between pyramids are known as renal COLUMNS The part of cortex which arches over the base of pyramids & connect the renal columns with each other called cortical Arches Renal pyramids capped with cortical arches is called RENAL LOBES
- 25. Functional and structural component of kidney is called NEPHRONS
- 30. LYMPHARIC DRAINAGE: Lateral Aortic lymph-node INNERVATION: Renal sympathetic plexus: T10-L1 : Para-sympathetic fiber (vaso- motor) T10- T12: Celiac Plexus (afferent nerve)
- 31. FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY 1. excretory function: Metabolites, drugs, toxins 2. homeostatic function Maintenance of water balance Maintenance of electrolyte balance Maintenance of acid- base balance 3. endocrine (hormonal) secretory function: Renin by juxtaglomerular cells Erythropoietin hormone by endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries of renal cortex Prostaglandins 4. Endocrine (hormonal) metabolic function: The kidney converts vitamin D3 : active 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol by alpha one hydroxylase enzyme in cells of PCT under effect of PTH.
- 32. CLINICALS
- 33. NEPHROPTOSIS
- 34. Nephroptosis, also known as floating kidney and renal ptosis, is a condition in which the kidney descends more than two vertebral bodies (or >5 cm) during a position change from supine to upright. It is the a congenital disease the exact cause is unknown. is said to be related to insufficient support from certain structures or the connective tissue surrounding the kidneys.
- 35. POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited/ genetic disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within kidneys, causing kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time. Cysts are noncancerous round sacs containing fluid
- 36. Pelvic kidney is a condition in which one or both kidneys do not move into their proper position uring intrauterine life. diagnose is done through an ultrasound at 18- 20 weeks of pregnancy Possible location is anywhere along the path os ascent 50% of pelvic kidneys are partially blocked S/s: UTI, abdominal pain, abominal mass
- 38. Horseshoe kidney When the caudal ends of both kidneys fuse as they develop.
- 39. Rosette kidney Both kidneys fuse together at their hila, They ususally remain in pelvis This is due to early fussion of two ureteric buds in the pelvis
- 40. RENAL STONES
- 42. SPOT # 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
- 43. SPOT # 2
- 44. 1. Cortex 2. Medulla 3. major calysec 4. Renal pelvis 5. Renal artery 6. Renal vein 7. Renal papilla 8. Pyramids 9. ureter
- 45. SPOT # 3