Kidneys
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Anatomy of kidney - Dr Nesar, AKTC, AMU, Aligarh
Kidney anatomy refers to all the tissue components of the kidneys. They have a distinct anatomy. Kidneys are bean-shaped organs and dark red in color
topographic anatomy Abdomen
The document lists the key anatomical structures and vasculature of the inguinal region and abdominal cavity. It outlines the ligaments and fascial layers that make up the inguinal canal. It then describes the branches of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery that supply the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs. Finally, it briefly mentions the major abdominal veins, including the hepatic, portal, mesenteric and inferior veins.
Anatomy of Urinary system
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Key structures of the urinary system were described in detail including locations, blood supply, and clinical relevance.
anatomy of Liver and biliary system
The liver document provides a summary of the anatomy and structures of the liver in 3 paragraphs or less:
The liver is the largest visceral organ located primarily in the right hypochondrium and epigastric region, extending into the left hypochondrium. It has 4-5 lobes and is connected to other structures by ligaments such as the falciform ligament. The liver receives blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery and excretes bile through the left and right hepatic ducts which join to form the common hepatic duct along with the cystic duct from the gallbladder. This forms the common bile duct which terminates at the ampulla of Vater in the duodenum.
anatomy of Pancreas
The pancreas is an elongated gland that extends transversely across the posterior abdominal wall from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body, and tail. The head is flattened and occupies the concavity of the duodenum. The neck joins the head to the body. The triangular body extends to the left, crossing the median plane opposite L1. The tail passes between the layers of the lienorenal ligament to relate to the spleen. The main pancreatic duct drains the tail and passes towards the head, uniting with the common bile duct in the duodenum.
Blood supply of the gut
The document discusses the blood supply of the gut. It is divided into three parts: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The foregut receives its blood supply from the celiac trunk. The midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery. The hindgut receives its blood supply from the inferior mesenteric artery. It then describes the branches and blood supply areas of each of these arteries in detail. It also discusses the portal vein and its tributaries, which drain the venous blood from the structures supplied by these arteries.
Liver anatomy
The liver is the largest abdominal organ and glandular organ of the GI system. It is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and has two main surfaces - the diaphragmatic surface which faces the diaphragm and is convex, and the visceral surface which faces inferiorly and to the left. The visceral surface has an H-shaped pattern of fissures and fossae formed by the porta hepatis and ligaments. The liver is divided functionally into left and right lobes and anatomically into right, left, caudate and quadrate lobes.
Anatomy (anatomy of immune system - spleen)
The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ located in the left hypochondriac region under the diaphragm and behind the stomach. It is approximately 12 cm long, 6 cm wide and 3 cm thick, weighing around 160 grams. The spleen has borders including a superior, inferior, posterior and anterior end. It has surfaces such as the diaphragmatic surface and visceral surface. Ligaments like the gastrosplenic and splenorenal connect the spleen and allow its movement. The spleen receives blood from the splenic artery and destroys old red blood cells while storing blood.
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Anatomy of kidney - Dr Nesar, AKTC, AMU, Aligarh
Kidney anatomy refers to all the tissue components of the kidneys. They have a distinct anatomy. Kidneys are bean-shaped organs and dark red in color
topographic anatomy Abdomen
The document lists the key anatomical structures and vasculature of the inguinal region and abdominal cavity. It outlines the ligaments and fascial layers that make up the inguinal canal. It then describes the branches of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery that supply the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs. Finally, it briefly mentions the major abdominal veins, including the hepatic, portal, mesenteric and inferior veins.
Anatomy of Urinary system
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Key structures of the urinary system were described in detail including locations, blood supply, and clinical relevance.
anatomy of Liver and biliary system
The liver document provides a summary of the anatomy and structures of the liver in 3 paragraphs or less:
The liver is the largest visceral organ located primarily in the right hypochondrium and epigastric region, extending into the left hypochondrium. It has 4-5 lobes and is connected to other structures by ligaments such as the falciform ligament. The liver receives blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery and excretes bile through the left and right hepatic ducts which join to form the common hepatic duct along with the cystic duct from the gallbladder. This forms the common bile duct which terminates at the ampulla of Vater in the duodenum.
anatomy of Pancreas
The pancreas is an elongated gland that extends transversely across the posterior abdominal wall from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body, and tail. The head is flattened and occupies the concavity of the duodenum. The neck joins the head to the body. The triangular body extends to the left, crossing the median plane opposite L1. The tail passes between the layers of the lienorenal ligament to relate to the spleen. The main pancreatic duct drains the tail and passes towards the head, uniting with the common bile duct in the duodenum.
Blood supply of the gut
The document discusses the blood supply of the gut. It is divided into three parts: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The foregut receives its blood supply from the celiac trunk. The midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery. The hindgut receives its blood supply from the inferior mesenteric artery. It then describes the branches and blood supply areas of each of these arteries in detail. It also discusses the portal vein and its tributaries, which drain the venous blood from the structures supplied by these arteries.
Liver anatomy
The liver is the largest abdominal organ and glandular organ of the GI system. It is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and has two main surfaces - the diaphragmatic surface which faces the diaphragm and is convex, and the visceral surface which faces inferiorly and to the left. The visceral surface has an H-shaped pattern of fissures and fossae formed by the porta hepatis and ligaments. The liver is divided functionally into left and right lobes and anatomically into right, left, caudate and quadrate lobes.
Anatomy (anatomy of immune system - spleen)
The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ located in the left hypochondriac region under the diaphragm and behind the stomach. It is approximately 12 cm long, 6 cm wide and 3 cm thick, weighing around 160 grams. The spleen has borders including a superior, inferior, posterior and anterior end. It has surfaces such as the diaphragmatic surface and visceral surface. Ligaments like the gastrosplenic and splenorenal connect the spleen and allow its movement. The spleen receives blood from the splenic artery and destroys old red blood cells while storing blood.
Anatomy of small and large intestine
1. The document describes the anatomy and features of the jejunum, ileum, and large intestine.
2. Key differences between the jejunum and ileum are described, including their location in the abdomen and structural characteristics.
3. The large intestine is then described, including sections like the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and their blood supply.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and remove waste, which is transported through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until it is released through the urethra. Key functions include filtering waste from the blood and maintaining water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys receive blood from the renal arteries and produce urine that is collected in the renal pelvis before exiting through the ureters.
Kidney
The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs located on the posterior abdominal wall. Each kidney is bean-shaped and measures around 12cm x 6cm x 3cm. Internally, each kidney contains an outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla divided into renal pyramids. The kidneys receive blood supply from the renal arteries and drain into the renal veins, which join the inferior vena cava. They have both anterior and posterior relations separated by perirenal fat and fascia. The kidneys filter blood and remove waste through complex vascular and tubular systems within the renal cortex and medulla.
Structure of Human Stomach by Prabeen
The stomach lies in the upper left portion of the abdomen and acts as a reservoir for food and site of protein digestion. It has two openings, the cardiac and pyloric orifices, which are regulated by sphincters. The stomach wall consists of four layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. The mucosa contains gastric pits and glands that secrete acids and enzymes like pepsin to break down proteins in food.
Anatomy of kidneys
The document provides detailed information on the anatomy and structures of the renal (kidney) system. It discusses the location and descriptions of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It describes the internal structures of the kidneys including the cortex, medulla, renal pyramids, and nephrons. It discusses the microstructure of the nephrons and how they filter blood to form urine. It also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and innervation of the kidneys.
Kidney
Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books.. Thank you
gastrointestinal system anatomy04042010small ipdf
The document summarizes the anatomy and features of the gastrointestinal system, specifically focusing on the small intestine. It describes the parts of the small intestine including the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. It details the length, location and distinguishing characteristics of each part. The document also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation of the small intestine.
Stomach anatomy ppt 1st year (B.D.Chaurasia)
This is an easy ppt of stomach anatomy .One can make notes from this too. If you like this ppt like and follow .
Tell me in comment section if any suggestions or query.
Abdomen part 1
The document summarizes the anatomy of the abdominal wall and abdominal viscera. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall from the skin to the peritoneum. It details the five anterolateral muscles - external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis. It also discusses the innervation, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of the abdominal wall. Finally, it summarizes the peritoneal folds including the omenta, mesenteries, and ligaments that support the abdominal organs.
Digestive tract ppt
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and structure of the digestive tract. It begins with an introduction to the digestive tract and its two main divisions: the digestive tract itself, which is a tube running from the mouth to anus, and the accessory organs that help with digestion. It then describes each section of the digestive tract in detail, including the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. It discusses the layers of the tract wall and related structures like salivary glands and teeth. Finally, it focuses specifically on the anatomy of the stomach and small intestine.
Esophagus stomach-dr.gosai
The document provides information on the esophagus and stomach. It discusses the anatomy of the lower esophagus, including its blood supply and clinical aspects like esophageal constrictions. It then covers the position, shape, divisions, interior structure, blood supply, nerve supply, and clinical applications of the stomach, such as gastric ulcer, carcinoma, and gastroscopy. Key points include the esophagus passing through the diaphragm and having portosystemic anastomoses, and the stomach's J-shape and divisions into cardiac, fundic, and pyloric portions supplied by branches of the celiac artery.
Stomach
The stomach is a J-shaped muscular sac located in the upper left portion of the abdomen. It has two openings: the cardiac orifice connected to the esophagus and the pyloric orifice connected to the duodenum. The stomach contains two parts - the cardiac and pyloric parts - and has two surfaces and two curvatures. It functions as a reservoir for food and digestive juices are secreted to break down food contents.
Stomach
This document describes the anatomical parts and histology of the stomach. It discusses the four layers of the stomach wall (mucosa, submucosa, musculosa, and serosa). It describes the different cell types found in the gastric glands of the stomach fundus and pylorus, including parietal, chief, and mucous neck cells. It also notes the differences in structure between the fundic and pyloric glands and muscularis layers of the stomach.
Stomach anatomy
The stomach is a J-shaped organ located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity. It continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food and empties into the small intestine. The stomach has four regions - the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part. It functions to digest food, produce acid, act as a reservoir, and slow food entering the intestines. The stomach receives blood supply from the left and right gastric arteries and drains venous blood into the portal system. Lymph from the stomach drains into superior, suprapyloric, pancreaticosplenic, and subpyloric lymph nodes. The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation while the splanchnic nerve
Kidneys
The kidneys are located retroperitoneally in the lumbar region on both sides of the vertebral column. Each kidney has an outer cortex and inner medulla containing pyramids that drain into minor and major calyces. The kidneys receive blood supply from the renal arteries which branch into smaller arteries before draining into the renal veins. They are covered by a fibrous capsule and perirenal fat and have sympathetic nerve supply. The right kidney is located below the liver while the left kidney has relations with the stomach, pancreas and spleen.
Anatomy of the stomach
The stomach is a J-shaped organ located in the upper abdomen between the esophagus and small intestine. It acts as a reservoir for food and aids in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The stomach has two openings - the cardiac orifice where it connects to the esophagus and the pyloric orifice where it connects to the small intestine. It is divided into sections including the fundus, body, antrum, and pyloric canal. The stomach receives blood supply from branches of the celiac artery and drains into gastric lymph nodes. It is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to aid in digestion. Diseases that commonly
The duodenum
The duodenum has 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending. The superior part is the most mobile and begins at the pylorus. The descending part is retroperitoneal and passes behind the head of the pancreas. The horizontal part crosses behind blood vessels. The ascending part meets the jejunum. The duodenum has relationships with nearby organs and vessels. It receives blood supply from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. The duodenum is susceptible to ulcers and trauma due to its fixed retroperitoneal position.
Abdomen part 4
The posterior abdominal region contains several important structures. The lumbar vertebrae and sacrum form the bony framework in the midline. The psoas major and minor muscles cover the sides of the lumbar vertebrae and attach to the femur. The quadratus lumborum muscles fill the space between rib 12 and the iliac crest laterally. The suprarenal glands are located superior to each kidney within the perinephric fat. Major blood vessels include the abdominal aorta, which bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at L4, and the inferior vena cava, which returns blood to the heart. Nerves in the region include the sympathetic trunks and splanchnic
Organs of the Reproductive System.ppt
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the internal and external organs of both sexes, including the testes and ovaries, which produce germ cells. At puberty, the organs develop and secondary sex characteristics emerge. For females, this includes breast development and the onset of menstruation. The document also outlines the structures within the pelvic cavity and their functions in reproduction and childbirth.
ANATOMY OF PANCREAS
The document provides information on the anatomy and development of the pancreas. It discusses:
- The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that extends from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body and tail.
- It develops from ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds that fuse during development. The ventral bud forms parts of the head while the dorsal bud forms most of the pancreas.
- The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes for digestion while the endocrine pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that produce hormones like insulin and glucagon.
PANCREAS
The pancreas is an elongated, retroperitoneal organ that extends from the duodenum to the spleen. It has an exocrine function that aids in digestion through secretion of pancreatic juice containing enzymes and an endocrine function through the islets of Langerhans that produce hormones like insulin and glucagon. The pancreas develops from ventral and dorsal buds originating from the endoderm of the foregut. Diseases of the pancreas can cause issues like diabetes, pancreatitis, jaundice and cancer.
ANATOMY OF PANCREAS
The document provides information on the anatomy and development of the pancreas. It discusses:
- The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that extends from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body and tail.
- It develops from ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds that fuse during development. The ventral bud forms parts of the head while the dorsal bud forms most of the pancreas.
- The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes for digestion while the endocrine pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that produce hormones like insulin and glucagon.
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Anatomy of small and large intestine
1. The document describes the anatomy and features of the jejunum, ileum, and large intestine.
2. Key differences between the jejunum and ileum are described, including their location in the abdomen and structural characteristics.
3. The large intestine is then described, including sections like the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and their blood supply.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and remove waste, which is transported through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until it is released through the urethra. Key functions include filtering waste from the blood and maintaining water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys receive blood from the renal arteries and produce urine that is collected in the renal pelvis before exiting through the ureters.
Kidney
The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs located on the posterior abdominal wall. Each kidney is bean-shaped and measures around 12cm x 6cm x 3cm. Internally, each kidney contains an outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla divided into renal pyramids. The kidneys receive blood supply from the renal arteries and drain into the renal veins, which join the inferior vena cava. They have both anterior and posterior relations separated by perirenal fat and fascia. The kidneys filter blood and remove waste through complex vascular and tubular systems within the renal cortex and medulla.
Structure of Human Stomach by Prabeen
The stomach lies in the upper left portion of the abdomen and acts as a reservoir for food and site of protein digestion. It has two openings, the cardiac and pyloric orifices, which are regulated by sphincters. The stomach wall consists of four layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. The mucosa contains gastric pits and glands that secrete acids and enzymes like pepsin to break down proteins in food.
Anatomy of kidneys
The document provides detailed information on the anatomy and structures of the renal (kidney) system. It discusses the location and descriptions of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It describes the internal structures of the kidneys including the cortex, medulla, renal pyramids, and nephrons. It discusses the microstructure of the nephrons and how they filter blood to form urine. It also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and innervation of the kidneys.
Kidney
Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books.. Thank you
gastrointestinal system anatomy04042010small ipdf
The document summarizes the anatomy and features of the gastrointestinal system, specifically focusing on the small intestine. It describes the parts of the small intestine including the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. It details the length, location and distinguishing characteristics of each part. The document also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation of the small intestine.
Stomach anatomy ppt 1st year (B.D.Chaurasia)
This is an easy ppt of stomach anatomy .One can make notes from this too. If you like this ppt like and follow .
Tell me in comment section if any suggestions or query.
Abdomen part 1
The document summarizes the anatomy of the abdominal wall and abdominal viscera. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall from the skin to the peritoneum. It details the five anterolateral muscles - external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis. It also discusses the innervation, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of the abdominal wall. Finally, it summarizes the peritoneal folds including the omenta, mesenteries, and ligaments that support the abdominal organs.
Digestive tract ppt
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and structure of the digestive tract. It begins with an introduction to the digestive tract and its two main divisions: the digestive tract itself, which is a tube running from the mouth to anus, and the accessory organs that help with digestion. It then describes each section of the digestive tract in detail, including the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. It discusses the layers of the tract wall and related structures like salivary glands and teeth. Finally, it focuses specifically on the anatomy of the stomach and small intestine.
Esophagus stomach-dr.gosai
The document provides information on the esophagus and stomach. It discusses the anatomy of the lower esophagus, including its blood supply and clinical aspects like esophageal constrictions. It then covers the position, shape, divisions, interior structure, blood supply, nerve supply, and clinical applications of the stomach, such as gastric ulcer, carcinoma, and gastroscopy. Key points include the esophagus passing through the diaphragm and having portosystemic anastomoses, and the stomach's J-shape and divisions into cardiac, fundic, and pyloric portions supplied by branches of the celiac artery.
Stomach
The stomach is a J-shaped muscular sac located in the upper left portion of the abdomen. It has two openings: the cardiac orifice connected to the esophagus and the pyloric orifice connected to the duodenum. The stomach contains two parts - the cardiac and pyloric parts - and has two surfaces and two curvatures. It functions as a reservoir for food and digestive juices are secreted to break down food contents.
Stomach
This document describes the anatomical parts and histology of the stomach. It discusses the four layers of the stomach wall (mucosa, submucosa, musculosa, and serosa). It describes the different cell types found in the gastric glands of the stomach fundus and pylorus, including parietal, chief, and mucous neck cells. It also notes the differences in structure between the fundic and pyloric glands and muscularis layers of the stomach.
Stomach anatomy
The stomach is a J-shaped organ located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity. It continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food and empties into the small intestine. The stomach has four regions - the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part. It functions to digest food, produce acid, act as a reservoir, and slow food entering the intestines. The stomach receives blood supply from the left and right gastric arteries and drains venous blood into the portal system. Lymph from the stomach drains into superior, suprapyloric, pancreaticosplenic, and subpyloric lymph nodes. The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation while the splanchnic nerve
Kidneys
The kidneys are located retroperitoneally in the lumbar region on both sides of the vertebral column. Each kidney has an outer cortex and inner medulla containing pyramids that drain into minor and major calyces. The kidneys receive blood supply from the renal arteries which branch into smaller arteries before draining into the renal veins. They are covered by a fibrous capsule and perirenal fat and have sympathetic nerve supply. The right kidney is located below the liver while the left kidney has relations with the stomach, pancreas and spleen.
Anatomy of the stomach
The stomach is a J-shaped organ located in the upper abdomen between the esophagus and small intestine. It acts as a reservoir for food and aids in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The stomach has two openings - the cardiac orifice where it connects to the esophagus and the pyloric orifice where it connects to the small intestine. It is divided into sections including the fundus, body, antrum, and pyloric canal. The stomach receives blood supply from branches of the celiac artery and drains into gastric lymph nodes. It is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to aid in digestion. Diseases that commonly
The duodenum
The duodenum has 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending. The superior part is the most mobile and begins at the pylorus. The descending part is retroperitoneal and passes behind the head of the pancreas. The horizontal part crosses behind blood vessels. The ascending part meets the jejunum. The duodenum has relationships with nearby organs and vessels. It receives blood supply from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. The duodenum is susceptible to ulcers and trauma due to its fixed retroperitoneal position.
Abdomen part 4
The posterior abdominal region contains several important structures. The lumbar vertebrae and sacrum form the bony framework in the midline. The psoas major and minor muscles cover the sides of the lumbar vertebrae and attach to the femur. The quadratus lumborum muscles fill the space between rib 12 and the iliac crest laterally. The suprarenal glands are located superior to each kidney within the perinephric fat. Major blood vessels include the abdominal aorta, which bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at L4, and the inferior vena cava, which returns blood to the heart. Nerves in the region include the sympathetic trunks and splanchnic
Organs of the Reproductive System.ppt
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the internal and external organs of both sexes, including the testes and ovaries, which produce germ cells. At puberty, the organs develop and secondary sex characteristics emerge. For females, this includes breast development and the onset of menstruation. The document also outlines the structures within the pelvic cavity and their functions in reproduction and childbirth.
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Similar to Kidneys
ANATOMY OF PANCREAS
The document provides information on the anatomy and development of the pancreas. It discusses:
- The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that extends from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body and tail.
- It develops from ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds that fuse during development. The ventral bud forms parts of the head while the dorsal bud forms most of the pancreas.
- The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes for digestion while the endocrine pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that produce hormones like insulin and glucagon.
PANCREAS
The pancreas is an elongated, retroperitoneal organ that extends from the duodenum to the spleen. It has an exocrine function that aids in digestion through secretion of pancreatic juice containing enzymes and an endocrine function through the islets of Langerhans that produce hormones like insulin and glucagon. The pancreas develops from ventral and dorsal buds originating from the endoderm of the foregut. Diseases of the pancreas can cause issues like diabetes, pancreatitis, jaundice and cancer.
ANATOMY OF PANCREAS
The document provides information on the anatomy and development of the pancreas. It discusses:
- The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that extends from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body and tail.
- It develops from ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds that fuse during development. The ventral bud forms parts of the head while the dorsal bud forms most of the pancreas.
- The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes for digestion while the endocrine pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that produce hormones like insulin and glucagon.
panc21-210201054136 (1).pdf
The document discusses the anatomy and development of the pancreas. It notes that the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that develops from dorsal and ventral buds of the foregut. It lies behind the stomach and produces both exocrine enzymes that aid digestion and endocrine hormones like insulin and glucagon. The document outlines the gross anatomy and histology of the pancreas in detail, including its head, neck, body and tail along with associated blood supply, lymphatics and innervation. It also briefly mentions some clinical conditions like annular pancreas.
ANATOMY OF PANCREAS
The document provides information on the anatomy and development of the pancreas. It discusses:
- The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that extends from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body and tail.
- It develops from ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds that fuse during development. The ventral bud forms parts of the head while the dorsal bud forms most of the pancreas.
- The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes for digestion while the endocrine pancreas produces hormones like insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels.
Kidney
The kidneys are a pair of excretory organs located retroperitoneally on either side of the vertebral column. They remove waste and regulate water and electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains an inner medulla and outer cortex. The kidneys receive blood supply from the renal arteries and drain into the renal veins. They are important for regulating blood pressure and red blood cell production. Kidney diseases can cause hypertension, renal failure and require dialysis in severe cases.
Kidney
This document provides details on the anatomy and histology of the kidneys. It discusses the location, structure, blood supply and drainage of the kidneys. Some key points include:
- The kidneys are located retroperitoneally on either side of the vertebral column.
- Internally, they contain an outer cortex and inner medulla, separated by renal columns and arches.
- They are supplied by renal arteries which branch numerous times to form the renal microvasculature. Renal veins drain into the vena cava.
- Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney, each containing a renal corpuscle for filtration and tubules for reabsorption and secretion to form urine
Abdomen & pelvis part I
This document provides an overview of the abdomen and pelvis. It begins by defining the abdomen and describing its anterior and posterior walls. It then discusses the contents of the abdomen, including the digestive system (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine), hepato-biliary apparatus (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts), and peritoneum. For each organ, it provides details on location, structure, arterial supply, venous drainage and lymph drainage. The small intestine is subdivided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum with specifics for each section.
6. ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY, URETER & POSTERIOR.pdf
Anatomy of Urinary System
Urinary System Organs
Kidneys (2)
Ureters (2)
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Kidney Functions
Control blood volume and composition.
Filter blood plasma, eliminate wastes.
Regulate blood volume, pressure, and fluid osmolarity.
Secrete renin and erythropoietin (EPO).
Regulate PCO2, acid-base balance.
Synthesize calcitriol (Vitamin D).
Detoxify free radicals and drugs.
Perform gluconeogenesis.
Kidney Anatomy
Renal Fascia: Attaches to the abdominal wall.
Adipose Capsule: Provides fat cushioning for the kidney.
Renal Capsule: Fibrous sac that protects from trauma and infection.
Renal Sinus: Contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and urine-collecting structures.
Renal Parenchyma:
Outer Cortex
Inner Medulla
Renal Pyramids: Extensions of cortex dividing medulla.
Renal Columns: Connect cortex and medulla.
Renal Pelvis: Collects urine from pyramids.
Ureter: Carries urine to the bladder.
Remember, the kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating fluid balance, electrolytes, and waste elimination. Ureter Anatomy
Overview
The ureters are bilateral, muscular, tubular structures responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder for storage and eventual excretion.
After blood filtration in the kidneys, the filtrate undergoes reabsorption and exudation along the convoluted tubules.
The urine then passes through the collecting tubules and enters the collecting ducts.
From the collecting ducts, it flows through the calyces into the renal pelvis, marking the beginning of the ureters.
Histology of Ureter
The lumen of each ureter is lined by a mucosal layer of urothelium (transitional epithelium).
The ureteral wall contains two muscular layers:
Longitudinal layer
Circular layer
In the lower segment of the ureters, an additional longitudinal layer is found proximal to the bladder.
Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic motions initiated by pacemaker cells in the proximal renal pelvis.
Relations
Both ureters pass inferiorly over the abdominal surface of the psoas major muscle.
The right ureter travels posterior to the duodenum and is crossed by branches of the superior mesenteric vessels.
The left ureter is also posterior to the psoas major and is crossed by branches of the inferior mesenteric vessels.
Posterior Abdominal Wall
Construction
Bony: Extends from the 12th rib above to the pelvic brim below.
Muscular part: Composed of muscles and fasciae.
Fasciae: Provides stability and support for retroperitoneal organs, vessels, and nerves.
Remember, understanding the anatomy of the ureter and posterior abdominal wall is essential for clinical pracPosterior Abdominal Wall
Construction
Bony: Extends from the 12th rib above to the pelvic brim below.
Muscular part: Composed of muscles and fasciae.
Fasciae: Provides stability and support for retroperitoneal organs, vessels, and nerves.
Muscles of Posterior Abdominal Wall
Psoas Major:
Origin: Continuously attached from T12 (lower border) to L5
Presentation
The liver is the largest solid organ in the body, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. It has five surfaces and weighs approximately 1600g in males and 1300g in females. The liver performs many critical functions, including metabolizing nutrients, producing bile, and filtering blood from the digestive tract. It is supplied by the hepatic artery and portal vein and drains into the inferior vena cava. The liver has two lobes, is divided into segments, and contains lobules that are made up of hepatocytes and sinusoids. Common disorders of the liver include hepatitis, cirrhosis, and jaundice.
liver.pptx
*Features*
•The liver is a large and solid gland situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity. In the living subject, the liver is reddish brown in colour, soft in consistency, and very friable. It weighs about 1600 g in males and about 1300 g in females.
*Location*
The liver occupies the whole of the right hypo chondrium, the greater part of the epigastrium, and extends into the left hypochondrium reaching up to the left lateral line. From the above, it will be obvious that most of the liver is covered by ribs and costal cartilages, except in the upper part of the epigastrium where it is in contact with the anterior abdominal wall.
The liver is the largest gland in the body. It secretes.
bile and performs various other metabolic functions. The liver is also called the 'hepar' from which we have the adjective 'hepatic' applied to many structures connected with the organ.
*External Features*
The liver is wedge-shaped. It resembles a four-sided pyramid laid on one side.
*Surfaces*
It has five surfaces. These are:
1 Anterior, 2 Posterior,3 Superior,4 Inferior, and 5 Right.
Out of these, the inferior surface is well defined because it is demarcated, anteriorly, by a sharp inferior border. The other surfaces are more or less continuous with each other and are imperfectly separated from one another by ill-defined, rounded borders.
*Prominent Border*
The inferior border is sharp anteriorly where it separates the anterior surface from the inferior surface. It is somewhat rounded laterally where it separates the right surface from the inferior surface. The sharp anterior part is marked by:
a. An interlobar notch or the notch for the ligamentum teres. b. A cystic notch for the fundus of the gallbladder In the epigastrium, the inferior border extends from the left 8th costal cartilage to the right 9th costal cartilage.
*Lobes*
The liver is divided into right and left lobes by the attachment of the falciform ligament anteriorly and superiorly; by the fissure for the ligamentum teres inferiorly; and by the fissure for the ligamentum venosum posteriorly.
The right lobe is much larger than the left lobe, and forms five-sixths of the liver. It contributes to all the five surfaces of the liver, and presents the caudate and quadrate lobes.
The caudate lobe is situated on the posterior surface. It is bounded on the right by the groove for the inferior vena cava, on the left by the fissure for the ligamentum yenosum, and inferiorly by the porta hepatis. Above, it is continuous with the superior surface. Below and to the right, just behind the porta hepatis, it is connected to the right lobe of the liver by the caudate process .Below and to the left, it presents a small rounded elevation called the papillary process.
The quadrate lobe is situated on the inferior surface, and is rectangular in shape. It is bounded anteriorly by the inferior border, posteriorly by the porta hepatis, on the right by the fossa for the hepatic ducts.
kidney.pptx
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each kidney is bean-shaped and located retroperitoneally on either side of the spine. The kidneys contain an outer cortex and inner medulla and are supplied by the renal arteries. The urine produced by the kidneys drains through the ureters into the urinary bladder for storage and then exits through the urethra.
Anatomy-Urinary-System-part-I.pptx
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located retroperitoneally between vertebrae T12 and L3. Each kidney has an outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla divided into renal pyramids. The kidneys are supplied by renal arteries and drained by renal veins and lymphatics. Urine drains from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder. The ureters have several points of narrowing as they course retroperitoneally from the kidneys to the bladder.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM -digestive system anatomy and physiology
digestive system anatomy and physiology
Abdomen_engl.powerpointmohamed lahai marrah
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen, including surface anatomy, abdominal quadrants, muscles of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, the abdominopelvic cavity, peritoneum, divisions of the peritoneal cavity, and blood supply. Key points include: the abdomen is divided into 9 regions within 4 quadrants; the anterior abdominal wall muscles include the rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, and transversus abdominis; the peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and organs; and the peritoneal cavity is divided into supracolic, infracolic, and pelvic compartments.
Abdomen_engl.ppt
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen, including surface anatomy, abdominal quadrants, muscles of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, the abdominopelvic cavity, peritoneum, divisions of the peritoneal cavity, and blood supply. Key points include: the abdomen is divided into 9 regions within 4 quadrants; the anterior abdominal wall muscles include the rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, and transversus abdominis; the peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and organs; and the peritoneal cavity is divided into supracolic, infracolic, and pelvic compartments.
Urinary System Anatomy - ppt
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, at which point urine passes through the urethra and out of the body. Together these structures work to regulate fluid balance and remove waste via urine production and storage.
Urinary tract
The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which then travels down the ureters into the urinary bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when it is expelled through the urethra. The kidneys and urinary system work together to remove waste from the body and regulate fluid balance and blood pressure.
01-Anatomy of Kidney.ppt
The kidneys are retroperitoneal paired organs located on the posterior abdominal wall. Each kidney has an outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla divided into renal pyramids. The kidneys receive blood supply from the renal arteries which branch into segmental arteries then further branch into interlobar arteries and arcuate arteries. Venous drainage occurs through interlobular veins, arcuate veins, and interlobar veins which drain into the renal veins. The kidneys are surrounded by perirenal fat and renal fascia and have anterior relations to other abdominal organs and posterior relations to the diaphragm and vertebral column.
Anatomy of abdomen for HO.pdf
The document describes the anatomy of the abdominal regions, abdominal wall and cavity, and gastrointestinal organs including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It divides the abdomen into 9 regions based on 4 reference planes and lists the organs contained within each region. It details the layers of the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity. It provides information on the esophagus, stomach sections and functions, and sections of the small intestine including the duodenum.
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Kidneys
- 1. KIDNEYS
- 2. Introduction Pair of excretory organs situated on posterior abdominal wall, One on each side of vertebral column ,behind the peritoneum. . Remove waste products of metabolism and excess of water and salts from blood , maintain its ph. Major excretory organs .
- 3. Location Occupies epigastric , hypochondriac, lumbar and umbilical region . Right kidney is slightly lower then left . Left kidney is little longer and narrower then the right kidney .
- 4. Shapes & measurements Bean shaped Length 11cm Thick 3cm width 6cm Weight 150g in males 135g in females Reddish brown in colour
- 5. External features Two poles ( superior & inferior ) Two borders (Medial & lateral borders) Two surfaces (Anterior & posterior surface) Hilum
- 6. Upper poles is broad and close to suprarenal gland Lower pole is thin and pointed and lies above 2.5cm above the iliac crest Surfaces : Anterior surface is convex and faces anterolaterally . Posterior surface is flat and Posteromedial .
- 7. Borders : Medial border : convex above and below near the poles and concave in middle . Slopes downwards and laterally and presents a vertical fissure in its medial part called hilum which has anterior and posterior lips . Lateral border : convex
- 8. Hilum Medial border of the kidney presents a deep vertical slit called hilum . It transmits from anterior to posterior 1. Renal vein 2. Renal artery 3. Renal pelvis ; i.e expanded upper end of ureter .
- 9. Anterior Relations Ant surface of rt kidney 1. Right suprarenal gland 2. Right lobe of liver 3. Second part of duodenum 4. Hepatic (right colic flexure ) 5. Jejunum liver and jejunum are separated from kidney by peritoneum Ant surface of Lt kidney 1. Left suprarenal gland 2. Spleen 3. Stomach 4. Pancreas and splenic vessels 5. Left colic flexures 6. Jejunum stomach spleen, jejunum separated from kidney by peritoneum
- 10. Anterior relation of kidney
- 11. Posterior relation Right kidney related to one rib while left kidney is related to two ribs 1.Four muscles : Diaphragm , quadratus lumborum, psoas major and transversus abdominis . 2. Three nerves: subcostal (T12) illiohypogastric (L1) ilioinguinal nerve . subcostal nerve is accompanied by subcostal vessels 3.One or two ribs : Right kidney related to 12th rib and left kidney related to 11th and 12th rib.
- 12. Posterior relation to left kidney
- 13. Capsules From inwards/outwards kidney surrounded by 4 capsules 1. Fibrous capsule (true capsule) 2. Perirenal capsule 3. Renal fascia (false capsule) 4. Pararenal fat
- 14. Fibrous capsule Thin membrane which closely invests the kidney. Formed by condensation of fibrous connective tissue in peripheral part of organ. It can be easily stripped off from kidney , but in certain disease it becomes adherent and cannot be stripped .
- 15. Perirenal capsule Layer of adipose tissue , surrounding fibrous capsule of kidney . It is thickest at borders of kidney and fills up the extra space in renal sinus .
- 17. Pararenal fat Layer of fat lying outside the renal fascia . It is more abundant posteriorly and towards the lower pole of kidney.
- 18. Arterial supply Supplied by renal arteries .usually there is one renal artery for each kidney arises directly from abdominal aorta Renal artery divides into ant and post divisions Anterior division supplies apical, upper, middle and lower segments Post division supplies only post segments Branches supplies the segments called segmental arteries
- 20. Nerve supply Supplied by renal plexus of nerves reach the kidney along the renal artery Renal plexus consist of both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres . Sympathetic fibres derived from T10-L1 segments Parasympathetic fibres derived from both vagus nerve
- 21. Thank You..!!