Presented by Fasil Awol at the HEARD project regional public-private partnerships task force workshop, Amhara, 18 November 2019: Somali, 21 November 2019: Oromia, 26 November 2019
HEARD―Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural Development in Amhara National Re...ILRI
The document provides information on the HEARD (Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural Development) project in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. The project aims to [1] increase livestock productivity and marketing through improving integrated public and private veterinary services, taking climate change impacts into account. Key activities include strengthening veterinary clinics and laboratories, disease surveillance, vaccination programs, and piloting innovative animal health approaches. The project expects to benefit livestock owners, women, youth, and consumers through creating an enabling environment for the livestock sector.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
Lumpy skin disease is an infectious, eruptive, occasionally fatal disease of cattle characterized by nodules on the skin and other parts of the body. Secondary bacterial infection often aggravates the condition. Traditionally, lumpy skin disease is found in southern and eastern Africa, but in the 1970s it extended northwest through the continent into subSaharan west Africa. Since 2000, it has spread to several countries of the Middle East and in 2013 extended west into Turkey and several countries in the Balkans. More recently, outbreaks of lumpy skin disease were reported for the first time in Georgia, Russia, Bangladesh, and the People's Republic of China. The recent geographic spread of lumpy skin disease has caused international concern. The disease has not been recorded in the Western hemisphere or in Australia or New Zealand.
Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural Development (HEARD) Project in Somali R...ILRI
The HEARD project aims to improve livestock productivity and marketing in Somali region over 4 years with a 2 million euro budget. It will strengthen veterinary services, laboratories, disease surveillance and vaccination programs. Activities will target regional and zonal animal health institutions, woredas, private vets, and women's groups. Implementation will be led by the Livestock Resources Bureau and progress will be monitored through regular reporting. The project coordinates staff of 6 and will intervene in 25 woredas across 9 zones of Somali region.
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in India Epidemiology and ControlBhoj Raj Singh
PPR is endemic in India in sheep & goats. Mainly young stocks are more affected. Disease occurs throughout the year but more common in October & March. Though vaccination is the only method for control & eradication, even the institutes those developed the effective vaccine in India to control the disease fear to use it because many a time outbreaks ensue on vaccination. The other important reason for persistence of disease is undeclared Policy of suppressed reporting of PPR outbreaks.
This document provides an overview of colic in horses. It begins by defining colic as acute abdominal pain in horses. Colic can be classified as spasmodic, tympanitic, obstructive, or impactive. Spasmodic colic involves hypermotility of the intestines. Tympanitic colic is caused by gas accumulation in the intestines. Obstructive colic blocks intestinal passages, while impactive colic specifically involves food or other material blocking the stomach or intestines. The document discusses causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment for each type of colic. Common signs of colic include pawing, looking at the flank, lip curling, rolling, and abdominal distension
HEARD―Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural Development in Amhara National Re...ILRI
The document provides information on the HEARD (Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural Development) project in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. The project aims to [1] increase livestock productivity and marketing through improving integrated public and private veterinary services, taking climate change impacts into account. Key activities include strengthening veterinary clinics and laboratories, disease surveillance, vaccination programs, and piloting innovative animal health approaches. The project expects to benefit livestock owners, women, youth, and consumers through creating an enabling environment for the livestock sector.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
Lumpy skin disease is an infectious, eruptive, occasionally fatal disease of cattle characterized by nodules on the skin and other parts of the body. Secondary bacterial infection often aggravates the condition. Traditionally, lumpy skin disease is found in southern and eastern Africa, but in the 1970s it extended northwest through the continent into subSaharan west Africa. Since 2000, it has spread to several countries of the Middle East and in 2013 extended west into Turkey and several countries in the Balkans. More recently, outbreaks of lumpy skin disease were reported for the first time in Georgia, Russia, Bangladesh, and the People's Republic of China. The recent geographic spread of lumpy skin disease has caused international concern. The disease has not been recorded in the Western hemisphere or in Australia or New Zealand.
Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural Development (HEARD) Project in Somali R...ILRI
The HEARD project aims to improve livestock productivity and marketing in Somali region over 4 years with a 2 million euro budget. It will strengthen veterinary services, laboratories, disease surveillance and vaccination programs. Activities will target regional and zonal animal health institutions, woredas, private vets, and women's groups. Implementation will be led by the Livestock Resources Bureau and progress will be monitored through regular reporting. The project coordinates staff of 6 and will intervene in 25 woredas across 9 zones of Somali region.
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in India Epidemiology and ControlBhoj Raj Singh
PPR is endemic in India in sheep & goats. Mainly young stocks are more affected. Disease occurs throughout the year but more common in October & March. Though vaccination is the only method for control & eradication, even the institutes those developed the effective vaccine in India to control the disease fear to use it because many a time outbreaks ensue on vaccination. The other important reason for persistence of disease is undeclared Policy of suppressed reporting of PPR outbreaks.
This document provides an overview of colic in horses. It begins by defining colic as acute abdominal pain in horses. Colic can be classified as spasmodic, tympanitic, obstructive, or impactive. Spasmodic colic involves hypermotility of the intestines. Tympanitic colic is caused by gas accumulation in the intestines. Obstructive colic blocks intestinal passages, while impactive colic specifically involves food or other material blocking the stomach or intestines. The document discusses causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment for each type of colic. Common signs of colic include pawing, looking at the flank, lip curling, rolling, and abdominal distension
Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
The presentation details different methods and terminologies used in disease management. It briefs about different types of disease control programs run at global, regional, and national levels. It also tells about the success and failure of different disease control programs. The presentation also briefed about methods of disease control.
1. Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by the bacteria Anaplasma marginale. It is characterized by fever, weakness, anemia, emaciation, and jaundice.
2. The disease is transmitted by ticks of several genera and can also be spread mechanically by flies or contaminated surgical instruments.
3. Anaplasmosis causes major losses to cattle industries in tropical and subtropical regions. It infects red blood cells and clinical signs vary from mild to severe depending on factors like age and previous exposure.
Hemorrhagic septicemia is a bacterial disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by Pasteurella multocida. It is characterized by high fever, swelling of the throat and neck, difficulty breathing, and high mortality. The disease spreads through direct or indirect contact with infected or carrier animals. Stressful conditions like malnutrition, transportation, or pre-existing viral infections predispose animals to the disease. Vaccination is the primary control method.
The document discusses the life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of Theileria, a protozoan parasite transmitted by ticks that infects lymphocytes and red blood cells in cattle. Theileria hijacks the cell division and growth control mechanisms of lymphocytes, causing uncontrolled proliferation that transforms the cells and leads to pathology similar to lymphoma. Effective control methods include tick control, drug treatments like buparvaquone and parvaquone, and vaccination to control East Coast fever in endemic areas.
The document discusses the tropical bont tick (Amblyomma variegatum), including its identification, life cycle, diseases it transmits, and prevention/control recommendations. It notes that A. variegatum is a hard, three-host tick found in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Arabia, and the Caribbean. As a vector, it transmits Ehrlichia ruminantium, which causes heartwater disease in ruminants, and Rickettsia africae, an emerging zoonosis. Control involves excluding exotic ticks through inspection and quarantine of imported animals and acaricide treatment.
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
Etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
This document summarizes sheep breeds found in different regions of India. It discusses 44 sheep breeds classified into 4 agro-climatic regions: Northern temperate, North-western arid and semi-arid, Southern peninsular, and Eastern. For each region, several prominent breeds are described, including their geographical distribution, physical characteristics, wool traits, and uses. India has a large population of 74.26 million sheep across diverse production environments.
An animal health information system is a system for collecting, analyzing, and reporting information related to animal health. It includes various components like data collection, storage, analysis, and reporting. The objectives are to provide information to improve animal health, assess disease priorities, support disease control programs, and meet international reporting obligations. Developing countries have animal health information systems tailored to their disease situations and resource constraints, with a focus on gathering basic data on prevalent epidemic diseases.
This document summarizes mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland and udder tissue in dairy cattle. It is usually caused by bacterial infection entering through the teat canal. Common bacteria that cause mastitis include Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Symptoms include changes to the udder like swelling and milk like flakes or pus. Mastitis results in economic losses due to reduced milk yield and quality, extra labor and veterinary costs, and premature culling of infected cows. Prevention focuses on hygienic milking practices and dry cow therapy with antibiotics to treat infections.
Major flaws in Animal Disease Control Leading to Partial Success or Failure.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
This presentation summarises major problems of Animal Disease Control Programs ongoing in India. India is a hyperendemic country for many animal diseases and zoonotic diseases. Every year billions of rupees are spent on disease control, surveillance, monitoring, and vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases. However, due to the failure of most animal disease control programs for one or other reasons India directly losses about 20 and 25 thousand crores annually due to endemicity of FMD & brucellosis, respectively. The presentation identifies problems at different levels of different ongoing disease control programs in India. The non-availability of authentic disease data and flaws in vaccine quality control are the biggest problems.
Foot rot is an anaerobic infection of the soft tissues between the toes in cattle, sheep, and goats that causes lameness. In cattle, it is caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, while in sheep it is caused by a combination of Bacteroides nodosus and F. necrophorum. The disease is common worldwide and is transmitted between animals through discharges from infected feet. Clinical signs include lameness, fever, and lesions in the interdigital space. Treatment involves systemic and topical antibiotics, cleaning and dressing wounds, and maintaining clean dry living conditions to control spread.
Lumpy skin disease is a pox viral disease of cattle characterized by fever, skin nodules, and lesions in the mouth and respiratory tract. It can infect up to 45% of cattle in a herd and cause mortality of up to 10% as well as reduced milk production and fertility. The disease is transmitted by biting flies and can also spread through milk, saliva, and shared water sources. There is no treatment for lumpy skin disease. Vaccination is the best form of prevention and should be given annually to all cattle, especially before wet summer months when flies are more prevalent.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Strength and weaknesses of fmd control programme going on in india dr. kale b...Bhoj Raj Singh
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating disease in many of the developing countries including India despite control programs. The FMD in India is associated with loss of about Rs. 20000 crores per annually. Government of India and different provincial governments are spending hundreds of crore rupees per year to control the disease. The FMD control programme (FMD-CP) is running in India since more than 13 years but control of the FMD is still far away dream and the Disease is regularly visiting even the government farms managed by the India's leading Veterinary and Dairy Institutes. The pros and cons of FMD-CP has been discussed in the presentation.
Bias refers to a systematic distortion of results or inferences due to some factor in the design or conduct of the study. Some common types of bias include:
- Selection bias - Systematic differences between those selected for the study versus those who were not selected.
- Information bias - Errors in measuring exposures or outcomes. For example, recall bias if cases remember past exposures differently than controls.
- Confounding - The effect of an extraneous variable that is associated with both the exposure and the outcome of interest.
- Observer bias - When observers or investigators influence the results through their expectations or preferences.
- Attrition bias - Systematic differences between those lost to follow up versus those who completed the study.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Societal responsibilities of veterinarianTanmay Tewari
This document discusses the responsibilities of hospitals and veterinarians to society. It outlines both passive and active forms of social responsibility for hospitals, including abiding by laws, protecting human rights, and contributing to environmental protection. Principles of hospital governance are also presented, focusing on goals of performance, social responsibility, and transparency. The roles and duties of veterinarians with respect to public health, food safety, education, and serving as citizens are then defined. Qualities of effective veterinary practice management are identified, such as confidence, responsibility, motivation, communication, and having a support network.
Blue tongue is a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne viral disease of sheep, goat, cattle and deer, with a worldwide distribution. Initially, the disease was reported in sheep in South Africa in 1881 and it was ascribed as “epizootic catarrh”. In 1905, the disease was renamed as “blue tongue”. In India, the first outbreak of blue tongue disease in sheep and goat was reported by Sapre (1964) from Maharashtra. It is listed under category ‘A’ of disease by OIE. The presence of this disease disrupts international commerce by putting a trade barrier on the movement of animals, their germplasm as well as animal products (OIE Bulletin, 1998).
Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
The presentation details different methods and terminologies used in disease management. It briefs about different types of disease control programs run at global, regional, and national levels. It also tells about the success and failure of different disease control programs. The presentation also briefed about methods of disease control.
1. Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by the bacteria Anaplasma marginale. It is characterized by fever, weakness, anemia, emaciation, and jaundice.
2. The disease is transmitted by ticks of several genera and can also be spread mechanically by flies or contaminated surgical instruments.
3. Anaplasmosis causes major losses to cattle industries in tropical and subtropical regions. It infects red blood cells and clinical signs vary from mild to severe depending on factors like age and previous exposure.
Hemorrhagic septicemia is a bacterial disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by Pasteurella multocida. It is characterized by high fever, swelling of the throat and neck, difficulty breathing, and high mortality. The disease spreads through direct or indirect contact with infected or carrier animals. Stressful conditions like malnutrition, transportation, or pre-existing viral infections predispose animals to the disease. Vaccination is the primary control method.
The document discusses the life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of Theileria, a protozoan parasite transmitted by ticks that infects lymphocytes and red blood cells in cattle. Theileria hijacks the cell division and growth control mechanisms of lymphocytes, causing uncontrolled proliferation that transforms the cells and leads to pathology similar to lymphoma. Effective control methods include tick control, drug treatments like buparvaquone and parvaquone, and vaccination to control East Coast fever in endemic areas.
The document discusses the tropical bont tick (Amblyomma variegatum), including its identification, life cycle, diseases it transmits, and prevention/control recommendations. It notes that A. variegatum is a hard, three-host tick found in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Arabia, and the Caribbean. As a vector, it transmits Ehrlichia ruminantium, which causes heartwater disease in ruminants, and Rickettsia africae, an emerging zoonosis. Control involves excluding exotic ticks through inspection and quarantine of imported animals and acaricide treatment.
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
Etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
This document summarizes sheep breeds found in different regions of India. It discusses 44 sheep breeds classified into 4 agro-climatic regions: Northern temperate, North-western arid and semi-arid, Southern peninsular, and Eastern. For each region, several prominent breeds are described, including their geographical distribution, physical characteristics, wool traits, and uses. India has a large population of 74.26 million sheep across diverse production environments.
An animal health information system is a system for collecting, analyzing, and reporting information related to animal health. It includes various components like data collection, storage, analysis, and reporting. The objectives are to provide information to improve animal health, assess disease priorities, support disease control programs, and meet international reporting obligations. Developing countries have animal health information systems tailored to their disease situations and resource constraints, with a focus on gathering basic data on prevalent epidemic diseases.
This document summarizes mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland and udder tissue in dairy cattle. It is usually caused by bacterial infection entering through the teat canal. Common bacteria that cause mastitis include Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Symptoms include changes to the udder like swelling and milk like flakes or pus. Mastitis results in economic losses due to reduced milk yield and quality, extra labor and veterinary costs, and premature culling of infected cows. Prevention focuses on hygienic milking practices and dry cow therapy with antibiotics to treat infections.
Major flaws in Animal Disease Control Leading to Partial Success or Failure.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
This presentation summarises major problems of Animal Disease Control Programs ongoing in India. India is a hyperendemic country for many animal diseases and zoonotic diseases. Every year billions of rupees are spent on disease control, surveillance, monitoring, and vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases. However, due to the failure of most animal disease control programs for one or other reasons India directly losses about 20 and 25 thousand crores annually due to endemicity of FMD & brucellosis, respectively. The presentation identifies problems at different levels of different ongoing disease control programs in India. The non-availability of authentic disease data and flaws in vaccine quality control are the biggest problems.
Foot rot is an anaerobic infection of the soft tissues between the toes in cattle, sheep, and goats that causes lameness. In cattle, it is caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, while in sheep it is caused by a combination of Bacteroides nodosus and F. necrophorum. The disease is common worldwide and is transmitted between animals through discharges from infected feet. Clinical signs include lameness, fever, and lesions in the interdigital space. Treatment involves systemic and topical antibiotics, cleaning and dressing wounds, and maintaining clean dry living conditions to control spread.
Lumpy skin disease is a pox viral disease of cattle characterized by fever, skin nodules, and lesions in the mouth and respiratory tract. It can infect up to 45% of cattle in a herd and cause mortality of up to 10% as well as reduced milk production and fertility. The disease is transmitted by biting flies and can also spread through milk, saliva, and shared water sources. There is no treatment for lumpy skin disease. Vaccination is the best form of prevention and should be given annually to all cattle, especially before wet summer months when flies are more prevalent.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Strength and weaknesses of fmd control programme going on in india dr. kale b...Bhoj Raj Singh
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating disease in many of the developing countries including India despite control programs. The FMD in India is associated with loss of about Rs. 20000 crores per annually. Government of India and different provincial governments are spending hundreds of crore rupees per year to control the disease. The FMD control programme (FMD-CP) is running in India since more than 13 years but control of the FMD is still far away dream and the Disease is regularly visiting even the government farms managed by the India's leading Veterinary and Dairy Institutes. The pros and cons of FMD-CP has been discussed in the presentation.
Bias refers to a systematic distortion of results or inferences due to some factor in the design or conduct of the study. Some common types of bias include:
- Selection bias - Systematic differences between those selected for the study versus those who were not selected.
- Information bias - Errors in measuring exposures or outcomes. For example, recall bias if cases remember past exposures differently than controls.
- Confounding - The effect of an extraneous variable that is associated with both the exposure and the outcome of interest.
- Observer bias - When observers or investigators influence the results through their expectations or preferences.
- Attrition bias - Systematic differences between those lost to follow up versus those who completed the study.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Societal responsibilities of veterinarianTanmay Tewari
This document discusses the responsibilities of hospitals and veterinarians to society. It outlines both passive and active forms of social responsibility for hospitals, including abiding by laws, protecting human rights, and contributing to environmental protection. Principles of hospital governance are also presented, focusing on goals of performance, social responsibility, and transparency. The roles and duties of veterinarians with respect to public health, food safety, education, and serving as citizens are then defined. Qualities of effective veterinary practice management are identified, such as confidence, responsibility, motivation, communication, and having a support network.
Blue tongue is a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne viral disease of sheep, goat, cattle and deer, with a worldwide distribution. Initially, the disease was reported in sheep in South Africa in 1881 and it was ascribed as “epizootic catarrh”. In 1905, the disease was renamed as “blue tongue”. In India, the first outbreak of blue tongue disease in sheep and goat was reported by Sapre (1964) from Maharashtra. It is listed under category ‘A’ of disease by OIE. The presence of this disease disrupts international commerce by putting a trade barrier on the movement of animals, their germplasm as well as animal products (OIE Bulletin, 1998).
Global Burden of Animal Diseases: Ethiopia case studyILRI
Presentation by Wudu Temesgen, Theo Knight-Jones, Wondwosen Awoke, Ben Huntington and Jonathan Rushton at the Global Burden of Animal Diseases Ethiopia case study inception workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18 March 2021.
Training on management of endemic diseases for pig value chains in UgandaILRI
Presented by Dione, M.M., Pezo, D., Ouma, E.A., Roesel, K., Brandes D. and Kawuma, B. at the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Livelihoods and Health in Africa, Kampala, Uganda, 18-19 June 2015.
Delivery of animal health services in extensive livestock production systems ...ILRI
This document discusses animal health service delivery in extensive livestock production systems in Kenya. It notes that while successes have been achieved with motorcycles, the nomadic nature of pastoral systems makes regular service delivery challenging due to low population densities, poor infrastructure, and a weak cash economy. The government provides some services through county-level offices and intermittent programs, but coverage is sporadic. Private providers fill some gaps but may provide low-quality or illegal drugs. Community-based approaches are controversial, and more regulation of veterinary medicines is needed. Field days and internship programs help improve veterinary-farmer contact and education.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
EU support to the livestock sector in EthiopiaILRI
The document summarizes EU support for Ethiopia's livestock sector over the past 10+ years, focusing on two main projects:
1. The LVC-PPD project from 2010-2015 aimed to build capacity and improve efficiency of public and private veterinary sectors through innovative approaches to animal health services.
2. The ongoing HEARD project from 2018-2022 enhances quality and quantity of integrated veterinary services at regional and local levels through training, coordination, and food safety improvements.
Both projects contribute to strengthening Ethiopia's animal health system and achieving livestock development targets in national plans. The EU support aims to improve incomes from Ethiopia's large livestock population by addressing issues like disease and lack of feed.
Small ruminant value chain development in Horro, EthiopiaILRI
This document outlines a vision and strategies to improve the small ruminant value chain in Horro, Ethiopia by 2020. It identifies challenges such as limited controlled mating and herd recording, high disease incidence, seasonal feed shortages, information gaps, and limited skills in areas like husbandry, disease prevention, and market orientation. The strategies proposed to address these challenges include improving access to sustainable feed supply and animal health services, establishing community breeding programs, improving market information access and collective action, and building capacity in production, extension agents, feeding, sheep fattening, disease awareness and food safety.
OS20 - Empowering veterinary paraprofessionals in Africa for better control o...EuFMD
This document summarizes efforts to empower veterinary paraprofessionals in Africa for better control of transboundary animal diseases. It discusses how veterinary paraprofessionals play a critical role in service delivery but often lack proper training, recognition, and regulation. Initiatives by the OIE and EuFMD aim to strengthen competency acquisition and recognition of paraprofessionals by providing guidelines for their training and establishing sustainable service delivery models. This will enhance prevention of diseases like PPR and FMD, working towards the goal of PPR eradication by 2030 and building resilience against animal health emergencies.
The critical crossroads of animal, human, and environmental health: Scaling u...ILRI
Presented by Mark Mitchell, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Lasha Avaliani, Bedasa Eba and Christine Jost at a Livestock and Livelihoods Webinar series, 21 September 2021
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Participatory diagnostics of animal health service delivery systems in MaliILRI
Presented by Michel Dione, Ibrahim Traore and Abdou Fall at the Workshop on the Delivery of Animal Health Services in Extensive Livestock Production Systems, Nairobi, 9-10 March 2017
Small ruminant value chain development in Shinelle, EthiopiaILRI
This document outlines a plan to develop the small ruminant value chain in Shinelle, Ethiopia. It identifies several challenges including feed shortages, disease issues, lack of veterinary services, gaps in producer and extension agent knowledge, and poor market linkages. The plan aims to address feed and animal health, improve capacity building for producers and agents, conduct drought mitigation training, and research best practices. It notes high mortality from diseases, parasites, drought, and lack of effective drug and veterinary services as key challenges.
This document discusses poultry rearing practices and opportunities in the coastal region of Barisal, Bangladesh. It notes that most households currently engage in scavenging or semi-scavenging of local breeds, and identifies introducing improved breeds and closed rearing practices as opportunities. The objectives are to increase homestead-based poultry production and farmers' incomes. Planned activities include linking farmers to vaccination, feed, and market services through demonstrations and trainings. The goal is for each farmer to earn an additional Tk. 2,000 annually by rearing 10-15 higher quality birds with reduced mortality.
Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation
A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership – registered charity
Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by BMGF, DFID and EC.
Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers
Similar to Key gaps identified in veterinary service delivery (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)eitps1506
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Key gaps identified in veterinary service delivery
1. Key gaps identified in veterinary service delivery
Fasil Awol
(EVA-HEARD)
Regional PPPs task force workshop
Amhara, 18 November 2019: Somali, 21 November 2019: Oromia, 26 November 2019
3. Introduction
• Ethiopia has one of the largest livestock inventories in Africa
• Livestock support for the livelihoods of an estimated 80 per cent of
the rural poor.
• livestock are extremely important for the country’s economic
development, food and nutrition security, and poverty reduction
• According to the CSA, 2016 the estimated livestock population
approximates to
– 59.5 million cattle,
– 29.5 million sheep,
– 30.2 million goats,
– 8 million equines,
– 1.2 million camels and
– 49 million poultry
4. Introduction
• The economic benefit derived from the livestock sector does not
commensurate with the potential and the sub-sector remains
untapped.
• Major constraints include
– the widely distributed various endemic diseases,
– shortage of animal feed both in terms of quality and quantity and
– low productivity of the local stock.
– Poor input supply system, inefficient input/output marketing
system,
– Other technical and socio-economic considerations have also
contributed for the low performance of the sector.
5. Current capacity of the national
veterinary service
• OIE PVS Evaluation was carried out in 2011 G.C.
• Performance of the national Veterinary system of the
country against international standards evaluated
• Key Gaps in Veterinary service delivery of the Country
were incriminated
6. Key findings of PVS evaluation
• Public veterinary services are underfunded.
• The National capacity for early detection and
containment of diseases is poor
• Narrowly defined Veterinary Services delivery
• Animal welfare not addressed
• Public health + food safety not so well covered and
• Animal Health services - emphasis is more to clinical services and
less so to strategic control of diseases.
• Inefficient livestock disease surveillance and information
systems,
• Inadequate coverage of veterinary services
7. Possible solutions
• The veterinary services of the country require enormous
improvement in terms of
• Regulatory support
• Technical back up and
• Institutional capacities at different levels in order to reduce losses
attributed to diseases and enhance production, productivity and
quality and hence market competitiveness of the livestock sector.
8. HEARD project
• Project Name: HEARD - Health of Ethiopian Animals for
Rural Development
• Location(s) of the action: Addis Ababa, National and
Regional Agriculture and Livestock development
Bureaus/Agencies according to planned
• Total duration of the action (months): 48 months
• Requested EU contribution (amount): EUR 3.80 Million
• EVA Budget: EUR 1,750,335 Million
• ILRI Budget: EUR 2,052,560 Million
9. HEARD project
Objectives of the action
• The overall objective of HEARD is increase sustainable
livestock productivity and improve the marketing of
livestock products”, and,
• The specific objective is quality and reliability of
integrated public and private veterinary service delivery
improved taking into account the increasing impacts of
climate change.
10. The quality and
reliability of
integrated public and
private veterinary
service delivery
improved
Result 2. Technical competences
(knowledge, skills and attitude) and
incentives for veterinary service
providers improved to deliver better and
rationalized services.
Result 3. Food safety of
primary products of
animal origin improved
and better control of
zoonotic diseases
achieved
Result 1 .The quality of
public and private
veterinary services
strengthened, and delivery
optimized (through the
creation of an enabled and
rationalized environment).
Expected results of the project
11. HEARD project
• In line with the HEARD Action Document - intervention framework, this proposal is to
implement Result 2 by ILRI and EVA:
Result 2: Technical competences (knowledge, skills and attitudes) and incentives for
veterinary service providers improved to deliver better and rationalized services
3 Major Activities
Activity 2.1: Pilot the veterinary service rationalization roadmap
Activity 2.2: Develop training materials and implement innovative delivery methods for
skill Development in veterinary professionals, para-professionals and
livestock
producers
Activity 2.3: Make available and disseminate resources for animal health knowledge, best
practices and Research findings, including measures to militate against the
impact of climate change
12. Key veterinary service gaps identified in
May and June 2019 workshops
A stakeholder workshop involving service
providers from the public and private sector
was organized in May 2019 and second in
June 2019 at Bishoftu to identify the gaps in
veterinary service provision.
13. Pictures from the consultative workshops
Participants of the second consultative workshopParticipants of the first consultative workshop
14. Key veterinary service gaps
• Disease reporting system
• Poor quality report
• Interrupted report
• Low report rate
• Illegal drug trade, drug abuse, drug sale without
prescription.
• Poor sectoral and institutional coordination
between regional and federal offices, MoA and
MOH, NGOs and GOs, private and public sector.
15. • Lack of support from the government to the
private sector (training, refreshment courses,
experience sharing, credit)
• Poor access to services and inputs (drugs in
quantity, quality, variety and affordability)
• Access and quality of laboratory diagnostics
services
• Non- infectious diseases are not well managed
due to inputs shortages, absence of farm gate
clinical services
Key veterinary service gapsc
16. • Vaccination programs (absence of vaccination
strategy in Ethiopia, no schedule for vaccination)
• Vaccines products for poultry are in large packs
(500 doses), not suited to smallholders, rarely
available
• Misconduct of practitioners (drug sold without
prescription, not enough information for drug sold)
Key veterinary service gaps
17. Key Veterinary Service Gaps
• Lack of awareness on rational drug use Leading
to development of AMR.
• Limitations in skills among both professionals
and paraprofessionals.
• Lack of incentives for professionals and others
service providers.
18. The Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural Development (HEARD) project is financed by the
European Union.
Among the other objectives of the project, ‘improving the technical competencies of
veterinary service providers to enable them to deliver better and provide rationalized
services’ is implemented by the Ethiopian Veterinarians Association (EVA) and the
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) lead HEARD project in partnership with the
Ministry of Agriculture of the Ethiopian Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
ilri.org
eva-ethiopia.org