National kala azar elimination programme pptanjalatchi
Kala-azar is a slow progressing indigenous disease caused by a protozoan parasite of genus Leishmania
In India Leishmania donovani is the only parasite causing this disease
The parasite primarily infects reticuloendothelial system and may be found in abundance in bone marrow, spleen and liver.
Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a condition when Leishmania donovani invades skin cells, resides and develops there and manifests as dermal leisions. Some of the kala-azar cases manifests PKDL after a few years of treatment. Recently it is believed that PKDL may appear without passing through visceral stage. However, adequate data is yet to be generated on course of PKDL manifestation
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)Vivek Varat
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme for prevention and control of malaria and other vector borne diseases. Under the programme, it is ensured that the disadvantaged and marginalised sections benefit from the delivery of services so that the desired National Health Policy and Rural Health Mission goals are achieved. The Directorate of NVBDCP under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, is the nodal agency responsible for planning, coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NVBDCP programme at all levels.
National kala azar elimination programme pptanjalatchi
Kala-azar is a slow progressing indigenous disease caused by a protozoan parasite of genus Leishmania
In India Leishmania donovani is the only parasite causing this disease
The parasite primarily infects reticuloendothelial system and may be found in abundance in bone marrow, spleen and liver.
Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a condition when Leishmania donovani invades skin cells, resides and develops there and manifests as dermal leisions. Some of the kala-azar cases manifests PKDL after a few years of treatment. Recently it is believed that PKDL may appear without passing through visceral stage. However, adequate data is yet to be generated on course of PKDL manifestation
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)Vivek Varat
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme for prevention and control of malaria and other vector borne diseases. Under the programme, it is ensured that the disadvantaged and marginalised sections benefit from the delivery of services so that the desired National Health Policy and Rural Health Mission goals are achieved. The Directorate of NVBDCP under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, is the nodal agency responsible for planning, coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NVBDCP programme at all levels.
This ppt contains all the information about National Leprosy Eradication programme (NLEP). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about Revised NationalTuberculosis Control programme (RNTCP) It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it.
Rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram (RBSK) is a health programme launched for screening of over 27 crore children from 0 to 18 years for 4 Ds - Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Development Delays including Disabilities by the ministry of health and family welfare under national rural health mission (NRHM) in india
National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)Kavya .
Chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
It usually affects the skin and peripheral nerves
Long incubation period generally 5-7 years.
Classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary
permanent disability
Timely diagnosis and treatment of cases
This ppt contains all the information about National Leprosy Eradication programme (NLEP). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about Revised NationalTuberculosis Control programme (RNTCP) It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it.
Rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram (RBSK) is a health programme launched for screening of over 27 crore children from 0 to 18 years for 4 Ds - Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Development Delays including Disabilities by the ministry of health and family welfare under national rural health mission (NRHM) in india
National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)Kavya .
Chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
It usually affects the skin and peripheral nerves
Long incubation period generally 5-7 years.
Classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary
permanent disability
Timely diagnosis and treatment of cases
Just one bite of a mosquito can take us closer to death. Don't let that happen to anyone. Happy World Malaria Day. The only way to celebrate the occasion of World Malaria Day is by joining hands against this disease.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. WHAT IS KALA-AZAR?
• Kala-azar is a slow progressing
indigenous disease caused by a
protozoan parasite of genus
Leishmania
• In India Leishmania donovani is the
only parasite causing this disease
3. • The parasite primarily infects
reticuloendothelial system and may
be found in abundance in bone
marrow, spleen and liver.
• Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
(PKDL) is a condition when
Leishmania donovani invades skin
cells, resides and develops there and
manifests as dermal leisions.
6. • Recurrent fever intermittent or
remittent with often double rise
• loss of appetite, pallor and weight
loss with progressive emaciation
• weakness
• Splenomegaly - spleen enlarges
rapidly to massive enlargement,
usually soft and nontender
7. • Liver - enlargement not to the extent of
spleen, soft, smooth surface, sharp edge
• Lymphadenopathy - not very common in
India
• Skin - dry, thin and scaly and hair may
be lost. Light coloured persons show
grayish discolouration of the skin of
hands, feet, abdomen and face which
gives the Indian name Kala-azar
meaning "Black fever”
8. • Anaemia - develops rapidly
• Anaemia with emaciation and gross
splenomegaly produces a typical
appearance of the patients
10. • Indian Kala-azar has a unique
epidemiological feature of being
Anthroponotic; human is the only
known reservoir of infection
• Female sandflies pick up parasite
(Amastigote or LD bodies)while
feeding on an infected human host.
11. HOW KALA-AZAR IS DIAGNOSED
• Serology tests: Variety of tests are available for
diagnosis of Kala-azar. The most commonly used
tests based on relative sensitivity; specificity
and operationally feasibility include Direct
Agglutination Test (DAT), rk39 dipstick and
ELISA.
• However all these tests detect IgG antibodies
that are relatively long lasting. Aldehyde Test is
commonly used but it is a non-specific test. IgM
detecting tests are under development and not
available for field use.
12. • Parasite demonstration in bone
marrow/spleen/lymph node aspiration or in
culture medium is the confirmatory
diagnosis. However, sensitivity varies with
the organ selected for aspiration.
• Though spleen aspiration has the highest
sensitivity and specificity (considered gold
standard) but a skilled professional with
appropriate precaustions can perform it
only at a good hospital facility.
13. WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF KALA-
AZAR?
• Short Term
• Sodium Sti SSG IM/IV 20mg/kg/day X 30
daysbogluconate
• Long Term
• Miltefosine 100 mg daily x 4 weeks
15. KALA-AZAR CONTROL EFFORTS IN
INDIA
• An organized centrally sponsored Control
Programme launched in endemic areas in
1990-91.
• Government of India provided kala-azar
medicines, insecticides and technical support
and the State governments implemented the
programme through primary health care
system and district/zonal and State malaria
control organizations and provided other
costs involved in strategy implementation.
16. • Programme strategy included:
• Vector control through IRS with DDT up
to 6 feet height from the ground twice
annually
• Early Diagnosis and Complete
treatment
• Information Education Communication
• Capacity Building
17. • Programme intensified in 1991-92
which led to improved case
registration through primary health
care system
• Programme Achievements
• Within 3 years of intensification
(1995 as compared to 1992)
• 70.66% decline in annual incidence
• 80.48% decline in deaths
18.
19. KALA-AZAR ELIMINATION
INITIATIVE
• National Health Policy Goal: Kala-azar
Elimination by the year 2010
• Elimination Programme is 100 per cent
Centrally Supported (except regular staff of
State governments & infrastructure)
• In addition to kala-azar medicines and
insecticides, cash assistance is being provided
to endemic states since December 2003 to
facilitate effective strategy implementation
by states
20. •“THE BEST WAY TO GAIN
SELF CONFIDENCE IS TO
DO WHAT YOU ARE
AFRAID TO DO”