This ppt contains all the information about Revised NationalTuberculosis Control programme (RNTCP) It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it.
National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)Kavya .
Chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
It usually affects the skin and peripheral nerves
Long incubation period generally 5-7 years.
Classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary
permanent disability
Timely diagnosis and treatment of cases
National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)Kavya .
Chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
It usually affects the skin and peripheral nerves
Long incubation period generally 5-7 years.
Classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary
permanent disability
Timely diagnosis and treatment of cases
National leprosy eradication program CHNNehaNupur8
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by ‘Mycobacterium Leprae’ an acid fast , rod shaped bacillus.
The disease mainly affects the skin , the peripheral nerves , mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and also eyes.
Cardinal Features:-
° Hypopigmented patch
° Loss of cutaneous sensation
° Thickened Nerve
° Acid fast bacilli
Leprosy has been regarded by tbe community as a contagious , mutilating and incurable disease.
Leprosy is curable and treatment provided in the early stages averts disability.
Multidrug Therapy (MDT) treatment has been made available by WHO free of charge to all patients worldwide since 1995, and provides a simple yet highly effective cure for all typesof leprosy.
This PPT has all the necessary information about 'National Rural Health Mission'. It is useful for students of Medical field learning 'Preventive & Social Medicine' as well as anyone who is interested in knowing about it.
Copyright Disclaimer - Use of these PowerPoint Presentation for any commercial purpose is strictly prohibited. The presentations uploaded on this profile are protected under Copyright Act,1957.
In order to prevent and control major NCDs including Diabetes, the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) was launched in 2010, with focus on strengthening of infrastructure, human resource development, health promotion, screening for early
National leprosy eradication program CHNNehaNupur8
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by ‘Mycobacterium Leprae’ an acid fast , rod shaped bacillus.
The disease mainly affects the skin , the peripheral nerves , mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and also eyes.
Cardinal Features:-
° Hypopigmented patch
° Loss of cutaneous sensation
° Thickened Nerve
° Acid fast bacilli
Leprosy has been regarded by tbe community as a contagious , mutilating and incurable disease.
Leprosy is curable and treatment provided in the early stages averts disability.
Multidrug Therapy (MDT) treatment has been made available by WHO free of charge to all patients worldwide since 1995, and provides a simple yet highly effective cure for all typesof leprosy.
This PPT has all the necessary information about 'National Rural Health Mission'. It is useful for students of Medical field learning 'Preventive & Social Medicine' as well as anyone who is interested in knowing about it.
Copyright Disclaimer - Use of these PowerPoint Presentation for any commercial purpose is strictly prohibited. The presentations uploaded on this profile are protected under Copyright Act,1957.
In order to prevent and control major NCDs including Diabetes, the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) was launched in 2010, with focus on strengthening of infrastructure, human resource development, health promotion, screening for early
After the successful NSP 2017-2025,Goi is lauching NSP 2017-2025 for elimination of TB on 24th march( World TB day ) 2017. Module is on MOHFW site but i have try to keep it brief,hope its ll be useful specially for academic and administrative purposes.
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Management GuidelineNabin Bist
National Guidelines On Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Management.
National TB programme is moving forward with the vision of TB Free Nepal by 2050 in accordance
with the National Health Policy 2014 and under the strategic direction of the worldwide initiative
to end TB – the End TB Strategy.
The goal of National Strategic Plan 2016-21 is to decrease the TB Incidence rate by 20%, from
2015 to 2021 i.e. to identify additional 20,000 new TB cases by next 5 years.
This ppt contains all the information about National Leprosy Eradication programme (NLEP). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about World Health Organization (WHO). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of cholera. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of typhoid fever. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of Malaria. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of Pertussis ( Whooping Cough). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all information about epidemiology of Diptheria. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), nursing and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
This ppt contains all information about epidemiology of mumps. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), nursing and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
This ppt contains all information about epidemiology of Measles. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), nursing and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
This ppt contains all information about Health statistics-Vital Statistics. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), nursing and everyone who is interested in knowing about it.
this ppt contains all information about epidemiology of chickenpox. It is useful for students of medical field learning preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in it
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of tuberculosis. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about Concepts and levels of prevention. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about the Immunizing agents - Vaccines, Immunoglobulines and Antisera. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about the Disinfection. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about the Modes of intervention. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about the Concept and Levels of prevention. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
This ppt contains all the information about the Immunity - Host defences. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
1. Revised national Tuberculosis
Control programme (RNTCP)
Dr. Shubhangi S. Kshirsagar
Assistant professor
Department of Swasthavritta &Yoga
drssksagar@gmail.com
2. • National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) launched in
1962.
• However, the treatment success rates were
unacceptably low and the death and default rates
remained high. Spread of multidrug resistant TB was
threatening to further worsen the situation.
• In view of this, in 1992 Government of India along
with WHO and SIDA reviewed the TB situation in the
country and came up with following conclusions :
✓ NTP, though technically sound, suffered from
managerial weaknesses
✓ Inadequate funding,
✓ Over-reliance on X-ray for diagnosis
✓ Frequent interrupted supplies of drugs
2
3. ▪ 1993 - Revised National TB Control Programme
(RNTCP)
▪ Adopted the internationally recommended
Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTs)
strategy
▪ 1st Jan 2020 – rename - National tuberculosis
elimination programme
3
4. Objective of RNTCP
▪ To achieve at least 85% cure rate of infectious
cases of tuberculosis through DOTs involving
peripheral health functionaries.
▪ To achieve case finding activities through quality
sputum microscopy to detect at least 70% of
estimated cases.
4
5. ▪ The revised strategy was introduced in the country
in a phased manner as Pilot Phase I, Pilot Phase II
and Pilot, Phase III.
▪ By the end of 1998, only 2 per cent of the total
population of India was covered by RNTCP.
▪ Large-scale implementation began in late 1998.
▪ The RNTCP has expanded rapidly over the years
and since March 2006, it covers the whole country.
5
6. Components of DOTs strategy
adopted by RNTCP
1. Diagnosis by quality assured sputum smear
microscopy.
2. Adequate supply of quality assured short course
chemotherapy drugs
3. Directly observed treatment (DOTs).
4. Systemic monitoring and accountability.
5. Political will and administrative commitment
6
7. STOP TB strategy – announced by
WHO & adopted by RNTCP (2006)
1. Pursuing quality DOTs – expansion &
enhancement.
2. AddressingTB/HIV and MDR-TB.
3. Contributing to health system strengthening
4. Engaging all care provides.
5. Empowering patient and communities.
6. Enabling and promoting research.
7
8. Organization
The profile of RNTCP in a state is as follows :
▪ StateTuberculosis Office - StateTuberculosis Officer
▪ StateTuberculosisTraining and Demonstration Centre –
Director
▪ DistrictTuberculosis Centre - DistrictTuberculosis Officer
▪ Tuberculosis unit - Medical OfficerTB Control
SeniorTreatment Supervisor
SeniorTB Laboratory Supervisor
▪ Microscopy Centres,Treatment Centres
▪ DOTS Providers
8
11. RNTCP endorsed TB diagnostics
1. Smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli.
a. Sputum smear stained with Zeihl-Neelsen staining or
b. Fluoresence stains and examined under direct or
indirect microscopy with or without LED
2. Culture
a. Solid (Lowenstein Jansen) media or
b. Liquid media (Middle Brook) using manual semiautomatic
or automatic machines, e.g. Bactec, MGIT etc.
3. Rapid diagnostic molecular test
a. Conventional PCR based Line Probe Assay for MTB
complex or
b. Real-time PCR based Nucleic Acid AmplificationTest
NAAT for MTB complex, e.g. GeneXpert
4. Radiography where available
5.Tuberculin skin test
11
13. New initiatives
1. Nikshay :TB surveillance using case based-web
based IT system (2012)
1. TB notification - According to GOI notification
(7th May 2012)- it is mandatory for all healthcare
providers to notify everyTB case to local
authorities i.e. DHO/CMO, in every month in a
given format.
3. Ban onTB serology - Serological test are based on
antibody response, and highly variable inTB and
may reflect remote infection rather than active
disease. 13
14. Newer initiatives
1. Daily regimen for paediatric TB
2. Daily regimen for all forms of TB in the
country
3. Pilots for universal access to TB cases
4. Bedaquilline conditional access
programme
5. Campaign mode- Active case finding
14
18. National strategic plan (NPS)
2017- 2025 for TB elimination
Vision –TB free India with zero deaths, disease
and poverty due toTB
18
19. Objectives of NPS–
1. Find all drug sensitive TB and drug resistant TB
cases with an emphasis on reaching TB patient
seeking care from private providers and
undiagnosedTB in high risk group.
2. Initiate and sustain all patient on appropriate
treatment wherever they seek care, with patient
friendly systems and social supports.
3. Prevent emergence ofTB susceptible populations.
4. Build and strengthen enabling policies, empowered
institutions, additional human resources with
enhanced capacities and prove adequate financial
resources. 19
20. Strategies
1. Private sector engagement
2. Active case finding
3. Drug resistantTB case management
4. Addressing social determinants including
nutrition
5. Robust surveillance system
6. Community engagement and multisectoral
approach
20
21. Expected outcome
▪ Aim of NSP –To achieve elimination ofTB by
2025 .
▪ During plan period, targets forTB are
1. 80% reduction inTB incidence
2. 90% reduction inTB mortality
3. 0% patient having catastrophic expenditure
due toTB.
21