Jawaban uts astl ganjil analisa sistem tenaga
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This document contains the answers to questions on a mid-semester exam for a power systems analysis course. The questions cover topics like: - Deriving the power mismatch equation and Jacobian matrix for the Newton Raphson load flow method. - Discussing the steady-state modeling of power system components. - Converting component parameters in a sample power system diagram from real to per unit values. - Constructing the admittance matrix and obtaining the Thevenin equivalent circuit for a part of the sample system. - Calculating line power flows and system losses based on a given load and generator power factors.
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analisa sistem tenaga lanjut
The document is a multi-part power system analysis assignment containing calculations for various power transmission scenarios. It includes determining line impedances, voltages, currents, power flows, and efficiencies for balanced 3-phase systems. Calculations are shown for delta and wye connected loads, as well as transmission over long lines considering voltage regulation and power factor.
Lecture 2
This document provides an overview of complex power in electrical systems. It defines phasor representation using complex exponentials to simplify analysis of constant frequency AC circuits. It describes how real and reactive power can be calculated from voltage and current phasors and discusses power factor. The document also discusses reactive compensation using capacitors to improve power factor by supplying reactive power locally. It provides an example of power factor correction and introduces balanced three-phase power systems with both wye and delta connections.
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The document summarizes a lecture on power flow analysis. It provides an example power flow calculation on a 5 bus system, including the bus and line input data, initial mismatches, Jacobian matrix, and solved power flows. It also discusses how power flow is used to ensure reliable system operation and compliance with standards by evaluating contingencies like loss of transmission lines.
Lecture 8
This document provides an overview of transformers and per unit analysis in power systems. Key points include:
1) Transformers are used to transfer power between different voltage levels in power systems. An ideal transformer model and a more accurate model accounting for losses and leakage flux are described.
2) Per unit analysis is introduced as a method to normalize variables across different voltage bases. All values are expressed relative to selected system base values.
3) Examples of per unit analysis are provided for both single phase and three phase systems, showing how quantities can be converted between per unit and actual values.
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This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts from a lecture on three-phase power system operations and analysis:
1) It introduces the per-phase analysis method which allows analysis of a balanced three-phase system as if it were a single phase by representing loads and sources as wye-connected equivalents and assuming phases are decoupled.
2) It provides an example of using the per-phase analysis method to solve a circuit and determine real and reactive power flows between generators supplying a delta-connected load.
3) It discusses basic power system components and operations including generation, load, transmission, distribution of power, and the goal of maintaining real and reactive power balance at all buses.
Lecture 10
This document summarizes a lecture on power system analysis. It covers:
1) Announcements about upcoming homework assignments and reading for the next lectures.
2) Descriptions of different types of transformers used in power systems - load tap changing transformers, phase shifting transformers, and autotransformers.
3) Models used for loads, generators, and the bus admittance matrix (Ybus) which are required for power flow analysis. Power flow determines how power flows through a network given load demands and generator outputs.
Lecture 9
This document discusses transformer per unit calculations and different three-phase transformer connections. It includes the following:
- Homework assignments for chapters 3 and 5 are announced, due on various dates from 10/22 to 11/5.
- Per unit calculations are used to convert transformer parameters given on one power base to a common power base for system analysis. An example conversion from 54 MVA base to 100 MVA base is shown.
- The four different three-phase transformer connections are presented: Y-Y, Δ-Δ, Δ-Y, and Y-Δ. Detailed models and per-phase equivalents are derived for each. Phase shifts introduced by the Δ-Y and Y-Δ
Lecture 11
This document discusses a lecture on power flow analysis in a power systems engineering course. It provides announcements about homework assignments and an upcoming midterm exam. It also discusses examples of the Gauss two bus power flow method and the inclusion of PV generator buses in the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Key concepts covered include slack buses, generator reactive power limits, and methods to accelerate Gauss-Seidel convergence.
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analisa sistem tenaga lanjut
The document is a multi-part power system analysis assignment containing calculations for various power transmission scenarios. It includes determining line impedances, voltages, currents, power flows, and efficiencies for balanced 3-phase systems. Calculations are shown for delta and wye connected loads, as well as transmission over long lines considering voltage regulation and power factor.
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This document provides an overview of complex power in electrical systems. It defines phasor representation using complex exponentials to simplify analysis of constant frequency AC circuits. It describes how real and reactive power can be calculated from voltage and current phasors and discusses power factor. The document also discusses reactive compensation using capacitors to improve power factor by supplying reactive power locally. It provides an example of power factor correction and introduces balanced three-phase power systems with both wye and delta connections.
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Lecture 8
This document provides an overview of transformers and per unit analysis in power systems. Key points include:
1) Transformers are used to transfer power between different voltage levels in power systems. An ideal transformer model and a more accurate model accounting for losses and leakage flux are described.
2) Per unit analysis is introduced as a method to normalize variables across different voltage bases. All values are expressed relative to selected system base values.
3) Examples of per unit analysis are provided for both single phase and three phase systems, showing how quantities can be converted between per unit and actual values.
Lecture 3
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts from a lecture on three-phase power system operations and analysis:
1) It introduces the per-phase analysis method which allows analysis of a balanced three-phase system as if it were a single phase by representing loads and sources as wye-connected equivalents and assuming phases are decoupled.
2) It provides an example of using the per-phase analysis method to solve a circuit and determine real and reactive power flows between generators supplying a delta-connected load.
3) It discusses basic power system components and operations including generation, load, transmission, distribution of power, and the goal of maintaining real and reactive power balance at all buses.
Lecture 10
This document summarizes a lecture on power system analysis. It covers:
1) Announcements about upcoming homework assignments and reading for the next lectures.
2) Descriptions of different types of transformers used in power systems - load tap changing transformers, phase shifting transformers, and autotransformers.
3) Models used for loads, generators, and the bus admittance matrix (Ybus) which are required for power flow analysis. Power flow determines how power flows through a network given load demands and generator outputs.
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This document discusses transformer per unit calculations and different three-phase transformer connections. It includes the following:
- Homework assignments for chapters 3 and 5 are announced, due on various dates from 10/22 to 11/5.
- Per unit calculations are used to convert transformer parameters given on one power base to a common power base for system analysis. An example conversion from 54 MVA base to 100 MVA base is shown.
- The four different three-phase transformer connections are presented: Y-Y, Δ-Δ, Δ-Y, and Y-Δ. Detailed models and per-phase equivalents are derived for each. Phase shifts introduced by the Δ-Y and Y-Δ
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This document discusses a lecture on power flow analysis in a power systems engineering course. It provides announcements about homework assignments and an upcoming midterm exam. It also discusses examples of the Gauss two bus power flow method and the inclusion of PV generator buses in the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Key concepts covered include slack buses, generator reactive power limits, and methods to accelerate Gauss-Seidel convergence.
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Three phase System
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2. Expected learning outcomes including analyzing balanced and unbalanced faults, demonstrating power flow software, and expressing suitable protection schemes.
3. A lecture plan outlining the contents to be covered each week.
4. Assessment details including oral exams, written tests, assignments, and a final exam.
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2. A 5MW, 11kV line with 10% power loss calculates sending end voltage and power factor.
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This document summarizes key concepts about three-phase systems. It defines a three-phase system as having three sinusoidal voltages differing in phase by 120 degrees. The voltages can form a positive or negative sequence. Three-phase systems are commonly used for power generation, transmission, and distribution due to their ability to transmit more power with less material. Formulas are provided for calculating line voltages, currents, and power in balanced and unbalanced three-phase systems. Advantages of three-phase systems like constant torque and easier starting of motors are also discussed.
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The document contains 4 solved questions related to power systems.
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2. It calculates the terminal voltage of a synchronous machine in a radial transmission system with given component ratings and loads.
3. It determines the EMF and angle of a synchronous generator operating at a given power factor and current into an infinite bus.
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This document discusses distance protection relay types and characteristics. It begins by explaining the principles of comparison-type distance relays using phase and impedance comparisons. It then describes several common relay characteristics including impedance, ohm, reactance, mho, and offset mho. The document also discusses power swings and loss of synchronism, explaining how to represent these phenomena on an R-X diagram using system and relay impedances.
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The document contains 5 problems related to synchronous generators feeding power into transmission systems. Problem 1 asks to calculate the terminal voltage of a synchronous machine feeding a 60 MW load at 0.9 power factor. Problem 2 asks to draw a per unit impedance diagram for a power system. Problem 3 provides parameters for a synchronous generator and asks several related calculation questions. Problems 4 and 5 provide additional generator parameters and measurement information, and ask to calculate values like voltage, current, power angle and active/reactive power based on changes to the system.
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- The document discusses the effect of changing mechanical power input to an alternator connected to an infinite bus. It explains that increasing mechanical power increases the alternator's load angle and active power output while keeping excitation constant.
- It presents the phasor diagram showing how increasing mechanical power leads to a larger load angle and current while maintaining the same excitation voltage. Active and reactive power expressions for an alternator are also provided.
- Examples are given to demonstrate calculating load angle, current, power factor and other parameters for different alternator operating conditions and load changes.
chapter_1_per_unit_power system_august_2011.ppt
The document discusses per unit calculations in power systems. It defines per unit quantities as actual quantities normalized by a base quantity. Common base quantities used are voltage (Vbase), apparent power (Sbase), and impedance (Zbase). The document provides formulas for calculating base impedance and converting impedances to different bases. It includes an example of calculating the per unit impedances of components in a sample power system diagram and drawing the equivalent impedance diagram.
Resonant circuits
This document discusses resonant circuits and series resonance. It defines resonance as occurring when the input voltage and current are in phase for an RLC circuit. For a series RLC circuit, resonance occurs when 1/(ωL) = 1/(ωC). The peak current through the circuit occurs at resonance. The bandwidth and quality factor Q are also defined for a series resonant circuit. Matlab programs are included to simulate different series RLC circuits and illustrate how varying Q impacts the frequency response. Parallel resonance is also briefly covered.
Lecture 09 em transmission lines
This document discusses electromagnetic transmission lines and the Smith chart. It introduces equivalent electrical circuit models for coaxial cables, microstrip lines, and twin lead transmission lines using distributed inductors and capacitors. The telegrapher's equations are derived from Kirchhoff's laws. For sinusoidal waves on the transmission lines, phasor analysis is used. Key concepts covered include characteristic impedance, propagation velocity, wavelength, and modeling forward and backward traveling waves.
Resonant circuits
This document provides an introduction to resonant circuits, discussing both series and parallel resonance. It defines resonance as occurring when the input voltage and current are in phase for a passive RLC circuit. For series resonance, the input impedance is completely real at resonance. Key equations for the resonant frequency, bandwidth, and quality factor Q are derived. Matlab programs are included to simulate the frequency response for different Q values. Duality between series and parallel circuits is also explained, where equations can be transformed between the two by substituting component values. Examples are worked through to calculate resonant components and bandwidth from given parameters.
transformer
This document provides an introduction to resonant circuits, discussing both series and parallel resonance. It defines resonance as occurring when the input voltage and current are in phase for a passive RLC circuit. For series resonance, the input impedance is completely real at resonance. Key equations for the resonant frequency, bandwidth, and quality factor Q are derived. Matlab programs are included to simulate the frequency response for different Q values. Duality between series and parallel circuits is also explained, where equations can be transformed between the two by substituting component values. Examples are worked through to calculate resonant components and bandwidth from given parameters.
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Jawaban uts astl ganjil analisa sistem tenaga
- 1. UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER GANJIL UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA MALANG NAMA : SUPARMAN NPM :136060300111003 MK : ANALISA SISTEM TENAGA LANJUT Question 1: (30 marks) A. What is the Power mismatch? Discuss and derive the involved equation. Answer: It is usual to use the power mismatch as an accurate test. The complex power mismatch at a node i is the difference between the specified power ̅ and the calculated power ̅ ̅ where ̅ is the voltage evaluated at iteration r Above equation can be separated into real and imaginary parts and expressed in polar form or rectangular form as: It is assumed in the above equations that Vi is the voltage evaluated at iteration r. The most common convergence criterion used in practice is B. Derive the following Jacobian matric in Newton Raphson method:
- 2. Answer: Equation 1 ∑ ( ) Verification: ∑ ( ) ( ) ( ) Equation 2 ( ) Verification: ∑ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Equation 3 ∑ ( ) Verification: ∑ ( )
- 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) Equation 4 ( ) Verification: ∑ ( ) ( ) ( ) Question 2: (20 marks) Discuss briefly the steady state (load flow) modeling of each power system component involved in the power system. Answer: steady state (steady / steady) is the normal condition of post-occurring disorders in an RL circuit with t ≠ 0 and steady state always has the same magnitude but opposite in sign to declare the value zero from existing flows. Picture below is an image of power system modeling and graphic images of steady state conditions:
- 4. Picture below is an image of power system modeling Picture below is graphic images of steady state conditions:
- 5. Question 3: (50 marks) Figure 1 shows three phase system that are connected to generators A, B, C and D at 11kV level. The five nodes of the system with the specific ID are given in the figure. The power supplies the load through node 2 at 132kV level. The reactance of the transmission line and component parameters in per unit are shown in the Figure. a) Change all components in Figure 1 which are given in real parameters to per unit system. Note: use 100MVA as reference to determine the per unit system. Answer: VBase4 =33 KV VBase5 =33x(11/33)=11 KV VBase3 =11x(11/11)=11 KV VBase2 =33x(11/33)=11 KV VBase1 =11x(11/11)=11 KV ZBase gen 1 = (11 KV) 2 /(100 MVA)=1,21 Ω ZBase 2 = (11 KV) 2 /(100 MVA)=1,21 Ω ZBase 5 = (11 KV) 2 /(100 MVA)=1,21 Ω ZBase 4 = (33 KV) 2 /(100 MVA)=10,89 Ω ZBase 1 = (11 KV) 2 /(100 MVA)=1,21 Ω
- 6. ZGen / Z5 = 1,21 x (11 ) 2 /(33) x (200/100)=0,26 pu Z1 = 1,21 x (11 ) 2 /(132) x (200/100)=0,16 pu Z2 = 1,21 x (11 ) 2 /(11) x (100/100)=1,21 pu Z3 = 1,21 x (11 ) 2 /(132) x (150/100)=0,012 pu Z4= 10.89 x (33 ) 2 /(33) x (100/100)=10,89 pu Z5 = 0 b) Construct the admittance matrix of the system. Answer: Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 Y15 V1 I1 Y21 Y22 Y23 Y24 Y25 V2 I2 Y31 Y32 Y33 Y34 Y35 V3 = I3 Y41 Y42 Y43 Y44 Y45 V4 I4 Y51 Y52 Y53 Y54 Y55 V5 I5 c) Obtain the Thevenin equivalence circuit at bus 2. Answer:
- 7. V 1 V 2 V 3 V 4 V 5 I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 Y 10 Y 40 Y 12 Y 24 Y 23 Y 20 Y 30 Y 45 a Y 45 b Y 45 c Y 50 d) Assume that the power load required in the system is about 525 MW and all gernerators running on pf 0.9, determine the power flow in the Lines: 1-2, 2-3, 2-4 and calculate the system losses. Answer: