Japanese gardens began during the Asuka period, inspired by Chinese landscapes. They were designed to be spiritual places of peace and meditation. Traditional Japanese gardens can be categorized as hill gardens, dry gardens, or tea gardens. The main elements are water, rocks, bridges, lanterns, fences, trees, and flowers. Rocks and water symbolize yin and yang and are carefully placed according to Buddhist principles. Famous examples include the Zen garden at Ryōan-ji temple, known for its simple rock arrangement, and the stroll garden at Katsura Imperial Villa featuring a large lake with many bridges.
complete study on Japanese Gardens, elements of Japanese gardens, principles of Japanese gardens, case study on Japanese gardens, examples of Japanese gardens, types of Japanese gardens
Japanese Gardens: History, Typologies & Elements | Landscape Architecture | K...Gary Gilson
History of Landscape Architecture:
Changing relationship of man with nature in various phases in history and its influence. Reviewing landscape design and garden design in history in various parts of the world & phases in history. Study of Japanese gardens
A detailed study of Chinese Gardens with reference to concept, geography, design philosophy, characteristics, elements, and symbolism. Also, includes the two classifications, i.e., Imperial Style and Scholarly Style, with examples such as Shanglin Garden, Ganquan Garden, Yuanming Garden, Beihai Garden, the Humble Administrator's Garden, and the Summer Palace.
Today, in many parts of Japan and the western parts of the world the traditions of Japanese garden art are still maintained. The intensity of expression, continue to inspire many artists that aspire to create a personal Japanese garden of their own. They are popularly known as zen gardens.
The presentation is based on interior landscaping and it's importance in the 21st century. The presentation is based on the interior construction of Stepping Park House, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
landscape of japanese gardens - history and evolution. elements of japanese gardens, famous japanese gardens, tea gardens, zen gardens, stroll gardens, courtyard gardens etc
complete study on Japanese Gardens, elements of Japanese gardens, principles of Japanese gardens, case study on Japanese gardens, examples of Japanese gardens, types of Japanese gardens
Japanese Gardens: History, Typologies & Elements | Landscape Architecture | K...Gary Gilson
History of Landscape Architecture:
Changing relationship of man with nature in various phases in history and its influence. Reviewing landscape design and garden design in history in various parts of the world & phases in history. Study of Japanese gardens
A detailed study of Chinese Gardens with reference to concept, geography, design philosophy, characteristics, elements, and symbolism. Also, includes the two classifications, i.e., Imperial Style and Scholarly Style, with examples such as Shanglin Garden, Ganquan Garden, Yuanming Garden, Beihai Garden, the Humble Administrator's Garden, and the Summer Palace.
Today, in many parts of Japan and the western parts of the world the traditions of Japanese garden art are still maintained. The intensity of expression, continue to inspire many artists that aspire to create a personal Japanese garden of their own. They are popularly known as zen gardens.
The presentation is based on interior landscaping and it's importance in the 21st century. The presentation is based on the interior construction of Stepping Park House, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
landscape of japanese gardens - history and evolution. elements of japanese gardens, famous japanese gardens, tea gardens, zen gardens, stroll gardens, courtyard gardens etc
Japanese gardens are traditional gardens whose designs are accompanied by Japanese aesthetics and philosophical ideas, avoid artificial ornamentation, and highlight the natural landscape. Plants and worn, aged materials are generally used by Japanese garden designers to suggest a natural landscape, and to express the fragility of existence as well as time's unstoppable advance. Ancient Japanese art inspired past garden designers. Water is an important feature of many gardens, as are rocks and often gravel. Despite there being many attractive Japanese flowering plants, herbaceous flowers generally play much less of a role in Japanese gardens than in the West, though seasonally flowering shrubs and trees are important, all the more dramatic because of the contrast with the usual predominant green. Evergreen plants are "the bones of the garden" in Japan. Though a natural-seeming appearance is the aim, Japanese gardeners often shape their plants, including trees, with great rigour.
This garden is also known as P.L.Deshpande garden,pune. Its case-study of an Japanese garden style and its Japanese landscape features. And also the Mughal Garden located beside it.
A typical Chinese garden is enclosed by walls and includes one or more ponds, rock works, trees and flowers, and an assortment of halls and pavilions within the garden, connected by winding paths and zig-zag galleries.
Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its colour when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impurities.
History:
Cast iron was invented in China in the 5th century BC and poured into molds to make ploughshares and pots as well as weapons and pagodas. Although steel was more desirable, cast iron was cheaper and thus was more commonly used for implements in ancient China, while wrought iron or steel was used for weapons.
The cast-iron is manufactured by re-melting pig-iron with coke and limestone. This re-melting is done in a furnace known as the cupola furnace. It is more or less same as the blast furnace, but it is smaller in size. Its shape is cylindrical with diameter of about 1 m and height of about 5 m.
The working of cupola furnace is also similar to that of blast furnace. The raw materials are fed from top. The cupola furnace is worked intermittently and it is open at top. After the raw materials are placed, the furnace is fired and blast of air is forced through tuyeres. The blast of air is cold as the impurities in pig-iron are removed by the oxidation
#design #architecture #interior #homedesign #house #interiors #construction #deco #interiordesigner #designinspiration #interiorstyling #interiordecor #arquitectura #architecturephotography #kitchendesign #modern #building #architecturelovers #homestyle #bedroom #archilovers #instahome #homestyling #lighting #project #architecturedesign #villa #archdaily #moderndesign #housedesign
Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent.
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism:
monasteries , places to venerate relics , and shrines or prayer halls , also called , which later came to be called temples in some places.
Steel is an alloy of iron and a number of other elements, mainly carbon, that has a high tensile strength and relatively low cost.
Steel is one of the most sustainable construction materials. Its strength and durability coupled to its ability to be recycled, again and again, without ever losing quality make it truly compatible with long term sustainable development.
The versatility of steel gives architects the freedom to achieve their most ambitious visions.
High carbon steel
Mild steel
Medium carbon steel
Stainless steel
high steel
Cobalt steel
Nickel chromium
Aluminium steel
Chromium steel
At its narrow upper end it has an opening through which the iron to be treated is introduced and the finished product is poured out
The wide end, or bottom, has a number of perforations through which the air is forced upward into the converter during operation.
As the air passes upward through the molten pig iron, impurities such as silicon, manganese, and carbon unite with the oxygen in the air to form oxides; the carbon monoxide burns off with a blue flame and the other impurities form slag.
Eating is an activity for living beings in the daily life living. It is necessary to eat food because to get strength and potential to complete our daily tasks and moreover to live life.
Humans eat food by cooking the food in the kitchen in different manner.
After cooking the food humans eat food in the dining room or same various places they may like.
#design #architecture #interior #homedesign #house #interiors #construction #deco #interiordesigner #designinspiration #interiorstyling #interiordecor #arquitectura #architecturephotography #kitchendesign #modern #building #architecturelovers #homestyle #bedroom #archilovers #instahome #homestyling #lighting #project #architecturedesign #villa #archdaily #moderndesign #housedesign
One of the simplest ways to avoid creating noisy learning rooms is to locate them far enough away from high noise sources such as mechanical equipment, heavy vehicle traffic, music practice rooms, stadiums, or other outdoor spaces that frequently used for noisy activities.
Learning rooms shall be designed to provide adequate acoustical separation from all other interior and exterior noise sources. Meet or exceed the following requirements:
• 50 STC Walls, ceilings, floors, movable or folding partitions
• 40 STC Doors and windows near high noise areas
• 28 STC Doors and windows near low noise areas
Water is considered a fundamental and primary resource, a human right, Water is a resource that is essential for life and its development. We need water to drink, for our personal hygiene, to produce the food we eat, but also for our economic activities and to produce energy. Unfortunately. however, in some parts of the world water is a very scarce resource and only few lucky people have a water supply which is easy to obtain. In fact, it is estimated that over a billion people do not have access to drinking water and 40% of the world population lives in very poor hygienic conditions. Many countries have already exceeded what is defined peak water, maximum sustainable water withdrawal.
Biodegradable waste consists of organics that can be utilized for food by naturally occurring micro- organisms within a reasonable length of time. The biodegradable organic comprise of agro residue, food processing rejections, municipal solid waste (food waste, leaves from garden waste, paper, cloths/ rags etc.), waste from poultry farms, cattle farm slaughter houses, dairy, sugar, distillery, paper, oil extraction plant, starch processing and leather industries.
Non-Biodegradable organic materials are organics resistant to biological degradation or have a very low degradation rate. This primarily includes woody plants, Cardboard, cartons, containers, wrappings, pouches, discarded clothing, wooden furniture, agricultural dry waste, bagasse, rice husk etc.
Overview of temples
The name Khajuraho is derived from its Sanskrit nomenclature ‘Kharjuravahaka’ which is the confluence of two Sanskrit words ‘Kharjur’ meaning date palm and ‘Vahaka’ meaning bearer. There are about 25 temples spread over an area of approximately 6 square Km. The temples are grouped into three categories depending on their orientation – the Western Group of Temples, the Eastern Group of Temples and the Southern Group of Temples. These temples are dedicated to several Hindu Gods and Goddesses along with deities in Jain beliefs. Among the temples that are standing till now, 6 are dedicated to Lord Shiva, 8 to Lord Vishnu, 1 each to Lord Ganesha and the Sun God, while 3 are dedicated to Jain Tirthankaras. The largest of the temples is the Kandariya Mahadeo Temple that is dedicated to the glory of lord Shiva. It makes Khajuraho one of the four holy sites dedicated to the glory of Lord Shiva, the other three being Gaya, Kashi and Kedarnath.
Transformations of Forms
Principle of Transformation is about applying changes in a unique
places of a design.
The Transformation of Forms are classified into 3 types
1. Dimensional Transformation
2. Subtractive Transformation
3. Additive Transformation(which is divided into 9 types
- Spatial Tension
- Edge To Edge
- Face To Face
- Interlocking
- Centralised
- Linear
- Radial
- Clustered
- Grid
DIMENSIONAL
TRANSFORMATION
:- This transformation occurs when
one or more of a structures dimensions
are transformed
In this Building, the Curve
of the Roof decreases
from the Centre of the hall
to the Entrance in one
shape divided into
many....
SUBTRACTIVE
TRANSFORMATION
:- This Transformation occurs when
a portion of it’s volume is
subtracted
In this Building, Negative
spaces are giving the Design
form of the Building a
Subtractive Transformation ...
ADDITIVE
TRANSFORMATION
:- This Transformation occurs when
elements are added into the design .
Spatial Tension
Transformation
This Additive Transformation is about
object combined while having space
between them...
In this Building, the floor to floor design
change and the gaps between are giving this
building a Spatial Tension between the
Floors....
Edge to Edge
Transformation
This Additive Transformation is where the
forms are sharing a common edge
In this Building, The floors that
are in contact combining and
connecting ....
Face to Face
Transformation
In this Additive Transformation, where the
forms have corresponding surfaces which are
parallel to one another...
In this Building, the roofs of the
rooms are in a similar shape
and order...
Interlocking
Transformation
In this Addition Transformation, where
the forms are inter connected to one
another...
In this Building, the floors of the
adjacent sides are showing
different space(negative &
positive) respectively...
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. INTRODUCTION
The idea of these unique gardens began during the Asuka period Inspired by Chinese landscape
gardens.
Japanese gardens first appeared on the island of Honshu. Japanese gardens have their roots in
Japanese religion of Shinto.
Earlier gardens were designed in order to bring a spiritual sense to the gardens and make them
places where people could spend their time in a peaceful way and meditate
Today, in many parts of Japan and the western parts of the world the traditions of Japanese
garden art are still maintained. The intensity of expression, continue to inspire many artists that
aspire to create a personal Japanese garden of their own.
Traditional Japanese gardens can be categorized into three types: tsukiyama (hill
gardens), karesansui (dry gardens) and chaniwa gardens (tea gardens). The main purpose of a
Japanese garden is to attempt to be a space that captures the natural beauties of nature.
3. ELEMENTS OF JAPANESE GARDEN
• Water
• Rock and sand
• Garden bridges
• Stone lanterns and water basins
• Garden fences and gates
• Trees and flowers
• Fish
4. WATER
◦ Japanese gardens always have water, either a pond or
stream, or, in the dry rock garden, represented by white sand.
Water is used not just for its visual quality, but also for its
sound.
◦ The Japanese have learnt to exploit the sound of water in all
its various form. it varies from powerful waterfall to water
falling into a water basin, creating different emotions.
◦ The bank of the pond is usually bordered by rocks & in order
to preserve the natural shapes, man-made ponds are
asymmetrical.
◦ In traditional gardens,The ponds and streams are carefully
placed according to Buddhist geomancy, the art and science
of putting things in the place most likely to attract good
fortune.
◦ In Buddhist symbolism, water and stone are the ying-yang,
two opposites which complement and complete each other
◦ A waterfall is more suitable to stimulate both visual and
acoustic senses and a lake or a pond is to create a more
formal and calm setup
5. ROCKS AND SAND
◦ Rock, sand and gravel are an essential feature of
the Japanese garden. The rocks are like the
coordinates of a garden project.
◦ Rocks and water also symbolize yin and yang, the
hard rock and soft water complement each other,
and water, though soft, can wear away rock.
◦ SIZE 1. only when viewed in the context of the
scale of the garden & its relationship with the
neighboring rocks and other artifacts. 2. Variation in
rock sizes offer greater contrast & interest resulting
in the more dynamic arrangement of rocks. 3.
Rocks are traditionally classified as tall vertical, low
vertical, arching, reclining, or flat.
◦ COLOURS 1. generally bright colors are avoided.
2. Color of rocks generally varies from grey to
black, and from yellow to brick red on other hand.
6. TEXTURE
1. Rocks are often used to represent islands and
mountains, so conical or dome shaped rough
volcanic rocks would be the obvious
choice.(kansai)
2. Hard metamorphic rocks are usually placed by
waterfalls or streams.
3. A jagged textured rock gives feeling of
timelessness and dignity.
4. Smooth rocks like water worn stones or glacial
boulders convey the feeling of antiquity especially
when combined in an interesting shape are used
around lakes or as stepping stones.
Certain guidelines or ground rules are followed to
achieve good results such as:
1. Rocks of varying sizes are used to emphasize the
contrast.
2. asymmetric arrangement of rocks is preferred over
symmetrical arrangement.
3. Sometimes there is a tradition for arranging the
rocks to reflect the philosophical concept heaven,
earth and man
7. GARDEN BRIDGES
◦ Bridges could be made of stone (ishibashi), or of
wood, or made of logs with earth on top, covered
with moss (dobashi); they could be either arched
(soribashi) or flat (hirabashi).
◦ Bridges can be painted red if it is used for temple
garden, as per Chinese tradition.
8. STONE LANTERNS & WATER BASINS
◦ Stone lanterns In its complete and original form, a
dai-doro, like the pagoda, represents the five
elements of Buddhist cosmology. The piece
touching the ground represents chi, the earth; the
next section represents sui, or water; ka or fire, is
represented by the section encasing the lantern's
light or flame, while fū (air) and kū (void or spirit)
are represented by the last two sections, top-most
and pointing towards the sky. The segments
express the idea that after death our physical
bodies will go back to their original, elemental form.
◦ Stone water basins, (tsukubai) were originally
placed in gardens for visitors to wash their hands
and mouth before the tea ceremony. The water is
provided to the basin by a bamboo pipe and they
usually have a wooden ladle for drinking the water.
In tea gardens, the basin was placed low to the
ground, so the drinker had to bend over to get his
water
9. GARDEN FENCES &
GATES
◦ There are three types of fences: 1. The short fence
which extends from the house into the garden 2. An
inner fence 3. an outer fence.
When the fences are used to divide garden areas, they
are called shikiri-gaki (仕切垣). Very low fences (about
ankle to knee high) are called Ashimoto-gaki (足元垣 -
"step" or "foot-level" fence). They are used to line a path
and keep visitors off the moss or grass area.
see-through fences -
sukashi-gaki (透垣).
The garden visitor can
see what lies behind
them, but cannot go
there. Depending on
the garden situation,
this design element
can be used to
increase curiosity.
Their functions are manifold: They block views and separate sceneries,
are erected as boundaries around the garden, work as windbreaks or
screens or emphasize a special element in a garden
10. TREES AND FLOWERS
◦ Plants are chosen according to aesthetic principles,
◦ Plants are used either to hide undesirable sights or to serve
as a backdrop to certain garden features, or to create a
picturesque scene, like a landscape painting or postcard.
◦ Trees are carefully chosen and arranged for their autumn
colors.
◦ Mosses often used to suggest that the garden is ancient.
◦ Flowers are also carefully chosen by their season of
flowering.
◦ Some plants are chosen for their religious symbolism, such
as the lotus, sacred in Buddhist teachings, or the pine, which
represents longevity.
◦ The trees are carefully trimmed to provide attractive scenes,
and to prevent them from blocking other views of the garden
11. Fish
◦ The idea of using fish in landscape garden is
borrowed from Chinese garden.
◦ The Japanese, therefore, have found places to
grow living flowers, the colored carps.
◦ They appeared in Japan many centuries ago and
the Japanese have crossbred them for over 100
years, producing carps of high value that bring a
flash of colour to the shallow waters.
◦ Carps can live for up to 50 years. In Japanese
culture, they are a symbol of strength and
perseverance.
The word “koi” is derived from the Japanese word for carp,
and the new fish were called nishikigoi, which means
“brocaded carp”. They became important features
of garden ponds, and their images appeared in drawings and
paintings of the period.
12. PRINCIPLES of JAPANESE GARDENS
◦ Natural: That should make the garden look as if it grew by itself
◦ Asymmetry: That creates the impression of it being natural
◦ Odd numbers: Like three, five or seven; that support the effect of the asymmetry.
◦ Simplicity: That follows the idea of 'less is more‘
◦ Triangle: That is the most common shape for compositions made of stones, plants, etc.
◦ Contrast: That creates tension between elements
◦ Lines: That can create both tranquility and tension
◦ Curves: That softens the effect
◦ Openness: That indicates interaction between all elements
13. Zen Gardens
◦ Dry gardens ex: Ryoanji
◦ kare-sansui ("dry landscape")
The temple and its gardens are listed as one of the
Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto, and as a
UNESCO World Heritage Site. Measuring 75’X30 with wooden
verandah with 15 stones and five unevan groups set in coarse
sand. The only vegetation could be the moss on the stone.
Meant to aid in meditation, spiritual peace in time of
turbulence.
Reflecting a monks life imbued with simplicity and austerity
leading to enlightenment.
14. Ryoanji
Ryōanji (Peaceful Dragon Temple) is a Zen temple and World Heritage Site in northwest Kyoto, Japan.
Best known for its Zen garden, simple gravel-and-rock arrangement that inspires peace and contemplation.
It is considered one of the finest surviving examples of kare-sansui (dry landscape).
The garden measures thirty by seventy-eight feet.
To the east, a low wall surrounds the garden.
On its north side the long veranda where the visitors experience the garden is located
On the southern and western side, a wall-topped with thatched roof tile edges the garden.
The Zen garden itself is comprised of fifteen stones, arranged in five groups, placed on of raked sand.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfZe2NLKEns
15. Stroll Gardens KATSURA IMPERIAL PALACE GARDEN, KYOTO
◦ The gardens of the Edo period reflected the peace in the country: very soft shorelines, un-dramatic stone settings, and softly curved hills.
These types of Japanese gardens often recreate scenes from history and myth, both from within Japan, but also from China. The design of
these daimyo gardens reflected the wealth and intellectual prowess of the garden’s owner.
◦ the Katsura Imperial Villa in Kyoto. The buildings were built in a very simple, undecorated style, a prototype for future Japanese
architecture. They opened up onto the garden, so that the garden seemed entirely part of the building. Whether the visitor was inside or
outside of the building, he always had a feeling he was in the center of nature.
◦ As these gardens were nearly always arranged around a central pond, or lake for the very well-to-do, bridges were an essential element of
the design.
◦ Curved bridges were commonly used in Heian period palace gardens about a thousand years ago, where boat parties would be held on the
ponds. The bridges needed to be curved, so that boats were able to pass underneath them.
16. Stroll Gardens KATSURA IMPERIAL PALACE GARDEN, KYOTO
◦ • Lake of 1.25 hectares was dug, hills and islands were
formed, beaches made, pavilions built and planting
undertaken.
• Has 16 bridges connecting the lake.
• Lake used for boating parties and the surrounding land as a
stroll garden, in effect a tea garden on an enormous scale.
• The 'Katsura Tree' (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) was associated
with the God of the Moon and the garden has a platform to view
its rising.
• There are 23 stone lanterns to light the stroll path after dark.
• Stone basins were used for hand-washing before a tea
ceremony.
• Garden designed not only for meditation (Zen) but also for
ceremonious courtly pleasures.
◦ Creation of series of views and experiences in a
clockwise movement