This document provides an overview of Japanese garden design principles and elements, and then summarizes several case studies of Japanese gardens at the Adachi Museum of Art in Japan. The key principles of Japanese garden design discussed are imitating nature, using symbolism, and borrowing views. Common elements are water, stones, lanterns, bridges, and plants. The document then describes several gardens at the Adachi Museum in detail, highlighting their designs and intended atmospheres.

1. CASE STUDY.

3.  INTRODUCTION
 BASIC DESIGN PRINCILES
 DESIGN PRINCIPLES
 ELEMENTS
 TYPES OF JAPANESE GARDENS
 CASE STUDY

4.  The art of gardening is believed as an important part of Japanese culture from
centuries.
 Traditional Japanese gardens are designed for peaceful state of mind.
 They draw heavily on Buddhist, Shinto and Taoist philosophies and strive to
provide a spiritual heaven.
 The primary focus of an Oriental garden is nature.
 Thus, the elements of a Japanese garden mimic or symbolize natural elements
and there is minimal or no use of artificial elements.

5.  Imitate nature:
The significance of gardens for the Japanese comes from ancient religious beliefs and a
deep respect for nature.
The garden is supposed to look like the outside world, just on a smaller scale.
 Symbolism:
Boulders become mountains and pools represent lakes.
Most flat garden designs use gravel to symbolize water.
The landscape is supposed to be a microcosm of the greater world beyond, so even
bonsai trees can represent fully grown trees
 Borrowed view:
Most Japanese gardens are enclosed with fences to further the concept of their being
miniature worlds of their own.

6.  Simplicity or elimination of clutter – Kanso:
Things are expressed in a plain, simple, natural manner.
Reminds us to think not in terms of decoration but in terms of clarity, a kind of clarity
that may be achieved through omission or exclusion of the non-essential.
 Asymmetry or Irregularity – Fukinsei:
The idea of controlling balance in a composition via irregularity and asymmetry is a
central tenet of the Zen aesthetic.
 Naturalness – Shizen:
Absence of pretense or artificiality, full creative intent unforced.
Ironically, the spontaneous nature of the Japanese garden that the viewer perceives is
not accidental.
This is a reminder that design is not an accident, even when we are trying to create a
natural-feeling environment.

7.  Subtlety – Yugen:
Profoundity or suggestion rather than revelation.
A japanese garden, for example, can be said to be a collection of subtleties and symbolic
elements.
 Break from routine – Datsuzoku:
This principles describes the feeling of surprise and a bit of amazement when one
realizes they can have freedom from the conventional.
Escape from daily routine or the ordinary.
 Stillness, Tranquility – Seijaku:
Energized calm (quite), solitude.
This is related to the feeling you may have when in a Japanese garden.
The opposite feeling to one expressed by seijaku would be noise and disturbance.
 Austerity - Shibui/Shibumi:
Beautiful by being understated, or by being precisely what it was meant to be and not
elaborated upon.
Direct and simple way, without being flashy.

8. 1. Water • Water has a place of choice among
the components of a Japanese
garden.
• It contributes to the expression of
nature and symbolizes renewal,
calm, wonder and continuity in the
hereafter.
2. Stones • A symbol of duration
• omnipresence of the forces of the
nature
• Laid out in accordance with strict
rules, depending on their shapes
and sizes.
• Stones create relief, produce hills
and valleys giving birth to
cascades, streams and ponds.

9. 3. The lantern • With the advent of the tea ceremony, the
lantern became a leading element in the
layout of a Japanese garden.
• Originally intended to guide the visitors
during nocturnal celebrations, its light
was also considered as the light of
knowledge clearing away the clouds of
ignorance.
4. Bridges • Bridges are privileged sites in a
Japanese garden, where one will linger
and take in the beauty of the landscape,
watch the carps swimming in their
watery elements, and enjoy the softness
of the breeze.

10. 5. Plants • The Japanese show a natural ability to interpret the charm of plants
and flowers in order to express their joys and pains.
• Plants are associated with moving thoughts and the universal forms
of life.
i. CHERRY
BLOSSOM (sakura)
ii. Serviceberry (zai-
furi boku)
iii. Pine (matsu) iv. Japanese maple
(momiji)
• National flower
• Picnicking
• Peak bloom around
april 4.
• Bloom up to a week.
• A charming sight.
• Symbol of youth.
• Remarkable for its
gold and scarlet
foliage and tiny
blue berries.
• It creates a quiet,
cosy screen that
shields visitors
from outside
distractions.
• Appreciated for its
lacy leaves and
magnificent
autumn colours.

11. v. Lotus (hasu) vi. Iris (airisu) vii. Shrub peony
(botan)
viii. Horsetail (takusa)
• Flower of buddha.
• Considered a divine
and sacred plant.
• They flower from
late may to mid-
july, in soft tones of
pink, blue and
white.
• The delicacy and
graceful bearing of
this plant are
perfect examples of
the quest for simple
and refined beauty
in japanese art.
• They flower in late
spring.
• Peonies are a
symbol of
prosperity, because
at one time only
wealthy japanese
could afford to have
them in their
gardens.
• Lives in marshy
environments.
• Grown as a
substitute for
bamboo.
• The horsetail's
simple, pure lines
make it a clever
stand-in for masses
of bamboo, allowing
the garden to
preserve its
oriental feeling.

12. ix. Crabapple (hime-ringo) x. Rhododendron (tsutsuji) xi. Carps
• Symbolize youth and
renewal.
• Symbolize fragile and
ephemeral beauty.
• The use of compact
specimens makes it
possible to create varying
heights and depths, and
the illusion of a
miniature mountainous
and wooded landscape.
• Living flowers, the
colored carps.
• Carp bring a flash of
colour to the shallow
waters.
• They are a symbol of
strength and
perseverance.

13.  Traditionally, three main styles of Japanese gardens can be found here in Japan.
 These three different types
1.Karesansui
2.Tsukiyama
3.Chaniwa
of Japanese gardens represent different meaning based on their style of looking.

17. ADACHI MEUSUM OF ART(SHIMANE,JAPAN)

19. • This is the stone arrangement of the Dry Landscape
Garden.
• The three upright rocks arranged in the center
represent steep mountains, from which the water falls
down into the white gravel in front.
• The garden was created to express a deep sense of
nature, in the traditional dry landscape gardening
method.
• This is the main garden of Adachi Museum of Art.
• A beautiful balance is maintained between the
surrounding mountains and the garden.
• This is a moment just after the rain has stopped.
• A rainbow appears in the center of the picture,
sunlight appears over the garden, and the leaves have
begun to slowly turn into red on the mountain in
background.

20. • Haircap and other types of moss gently curve to express
simple aesthetics.
• This is a tasteful, noble garden in the Kyoto style.
• The red pine trees are all planted at oblique angles.
• This is based on the gardener's idea that because the trees
normally grow on mountain slopes, they shouldn't be
forced to grow perpendicular to the ground.

21. • The garden adjacent to the tea ceremony house Juryu-
an, where the autumn leaves are most beautiful.
• The deep red maple leaves and bright green moss
make a beautiful contrast, offering the best feature of
this garden.
• You can enjoy the red leaves from the middle of
November to the beginning of December.
• This is the early summer garden with fresh, clear
maple leaves and moss.
• It is the only garden in the museum that you can walk
around.
• You can spend a calm, relaxing time here away from
your daily routine.

22. • With the motif of Beautiful Pine Beach, a masterpiece by
Yokoyama Taikan, Adachi Zenko devoted all of his energy
to create this garden.
• On the white gravel hills, large and small pine trees are
arranged, successfully representing Taikan’s art world.
• The top of the waterfall is at the back of the garden, and
the water flows into the front large pond, carving as if
flowing into the valley.
• The stones are the famous Saji-ishi from Tottori
Prefecture.
• On the right side of the pond, black pines are arranged,
while red pines are arranged on the left.

23. • This is the Pond Garden encompassing a calm atmosphere,
after a snowfall.
• The water is fed by springs, and its temperature is stable.
• This allows carp to swim throughout the year, and they seem
comfortable, even in winter.
• This is the Pond Garden in autumn.
• Sunlight and shadow are reflected on the pond surface to give
a sense of comfort to the viewer.
• At the front, there is a tea house, Seifu, which is meant for
enjoying Sen-cha, green tea made from specially prepared tea
leaves.
• This enhances nobility, combined with various trees and the
stone arrangement.

24. The Kikaku Waterfall was artificially created on Mt. Kikaku,
the background of the Adachi Museum’s gardens, in 1978, in
commemoration of the 8th anniversary of the foundation. The
design of waterfalls was based on a Yokoyama Taikan’s work,
Waterfall in Nachi, which is housed in the museum. The idea to
incorporate the world of Taikan's works into the gardens is
unique to the museum. The falls are 15 meters tall, falling down
on the bare rock.