intro,aspects,elements etc

1.  The art of gardening is believed to be an important
part of Japanese culture for many centuries.
 The garden design in Japan is strongly connected to
the philosophy and religion of the country.
 Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism were used in the creation
of different garden styles in order to bring a spiritual
sense to the gardens and make them places where
people could spend their time in a peaceful way and
meditate.

2. • The line between garden and
its surrounding landscape is
not distinct.
• Gardens incorporate natural
and artificial elements and
thus, fuse the elements of
nature and architecture.
• In the Japanese garden, the
viewer should consider nature
as a picture frame into which
the garden, or the man- made
work of art, is inserted.

3.  never create something that nature itself cannot.
 Balance, or sumi. The proportions and spaces are an
essential Design principle

4.  Hill and pond and flat styles can be shin (formal), gyo
(intermediate) or so (informal).
 Formal styles were most often found at temples or
palaces,
 the intermediate styles were appropriate for most
residences, and
 the informal style was relegated to peasant huts and
mountain retreats.The tea garden is always in the
informal style.

5. POND
WATERFALL

6. Rock – an important feature

7.  Natural: that should make the garden look as if it grew by
itself
 Asymmetry: that creates the impression of it being natural
 Odd numbers: It supports the effect of the asymmetry
 Simplicity: that follows the idea of 'less is more'
 Triangle: that is the most common shape for compositions
made of stones, plants, etc.
 Contrast: that creates tension between elements
 Lines: that can create both tranquility and tension
 Curves: that softens the effect
 Openness: that indicates interaction between all elements

8.  a stone lantern representing four natural elements: earth,
water, fire and wind
 statues of male and female lions, placed at the entrance of
the garden in order to protect the garden from intruders,
representing the two opposite forces: yin and yang (fire
and water, male and female).
 water basin known as a deer chaser, which keep deer
away by making a special sound when filled up
 the koi fish swimming in ponds, which has a decorative
meaning
 typical Japanese bridge, called a moonbridge, whose
purpose is to reflect artistic feelings.

10. • Ponds, waterfalls, wells,
bridges (real or symbolic)
• Stepping stones, Garden
paths
• Stone water basins, stone
lanterns
• Garden plants and trees
• Fences and walls
• Stones

11. •It represents the sea, lake, pond
or river in nature.
•Non geometrical in appearance;
in order to preserve the natural
shapes, man- made ponds are
asymmetrical.
• The bank of the pond is usually
bordered by stones
•A fountain is sometimes found at
the bottom of a hill or hillside or
secluded forest.
•Wells are sometimes found in a
Japanese garden.

12. • Usually used in tea gardens.
• flat stepping stones served to
preserve the grass as well as
orient the viewer to a specific
visual experience.
• step- stones are found near
the veranda or entrance of the
house or tea room.The visitor
of the house or room is
expected to place his shoes on
the step- stone before
entering.

13. • Two kinds of stone water basins-
 kazari- chozubachi, which is kept
near the verandah
 tsukubai for tea garden
• Stone lanterns are placed
besides prominent water basins
whose luminance underscored
the unfinished beauty of the tea
aesthetic.

14. • Garden of the 10th to 12th centuries
contained cherry, plum trees, pines
and willows.
• Influence of the Zen sect and
watercolor painting from Southern
China transformed the colorful
Japanese garden in the Middle
Ages.

15. • Japanese garden is predominately green
with its use of evergreen trees.
• When flowering trees found in Japanese
garden are camelias, specifically the
tsubaki and sazanka.

16.  Scientific Name: Abies Firma
 Habitat: Evergreen
 Texture: Coarse
 Height: 40’ to 70’
 Leaf: 1.5" dark green needles are
notched at base; sharp prickly point
 Flower/Fruit: 3.5 to 5" brown cones

17.  Scientific Name: Acer
capillipes
 Habit: Deciduous
 Growth Rate: Moderate
 Site Requirements: Sun to
partial shade; prefers moist,
well drained soil
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Round head; low
branches
 Height: 30 to 35’
 Flower/Fruit: Greenish
white flowers on 2.5 to 4"
pendulous raceme; attractive
samara in fall

18.  Scientific Name: Acer palmatum
 Growth Rate: Slow to moderate
 Site Requirements: Light dappled
shade; evenly moist, well drained
soil; protect from drying winds
 Texture: Medium to fine
 Form: Low; dense rounded top;
spreading branches; assumes a
layered look
 Height: 15 to 25'
 Flower/Fruit: Small red to purple
flowers; attractive if viewed closely
but insignificant from a distance

19.  Scientific Name: Alnus
japonica
 Site Requirements: Sun to
partial shade; range of soil
types including wet and
infertile soil
 Form: Slender, narrow upright
habit
 Height: 12 to 25’
 Leaf: Oval, narrow leaves
 Flower/Fruit: Yellow brown to
red brown catkins (male
flowers); female flowers on
short purplish brown strobili
which persist until winter

20.  Scientific Name: Aralia elata
 Growth Rate: Rapid
 Site Requirements: Sun to
partial shade; range of soil
types but prefers moist, well
drained soil
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Irregular to spreading;
often multi-stemmed
 Height: 20 to 40’
 Leaf: 3 to 5.5" compound
leaves; yellow to reddish
purple fall color
 Flower/Fruit: 12 to 18" white
flowers in August; purple fruit

21.  Scientific Name: Carpinus
japonica
 Growth Rate: Slow
 Site Requirements: Sun to
light shade; moist well
drained soil but tolerates a
range of soil types
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Rounded; densely
branched; wide spreading
branches
 Height: 20 to 30'
 Leaf: 2 to 4.5" leaves; yellow
to nonshowy fall color
 Flower/Fruit: 2 to 2.5" fruit

22.  Scientific Name
Cornus officinalis
 Growth Rate: Moderate
 Site Requirements: Sun to
partial shade; range of soil types
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Picturesque; multi-
stemmed ; low branches; oval to
round habit
 Height: 15 to 25'
 Leaf: 4" opposite, simple leaves;
purple fall color
 Flower/Fruit: Cluster of short
stalked yellow flowers with
drooping bracts on naked stems
in early spring; .5" shiny red fruit
in clusters in fall

23. • Stones are fundamental
elements of Japanese
gardens.
.
• Represent a geological
presence where actual
mountains are not
viewable or present.
They are placed in odd
numbers and a majority
of the groupings reflect
triangular shapes

24.  They are artificial
mountains usually, built
in gardens.
 Generally between one
and five of the hills are
built.
 They are made up of
ceramics, dried wood or
strangely-shaped stones.

25. •The art of Bonsai involves the training
of everyday shrubs such as pine,
cypress, holly, cedar, cherry, maple,
and beech to look like old, large trees in
miniature form.
•The trees are usually less than one
meter high and kept small by pruning,
re-potting, growth pinching, and wiring
the branches.
•Bonseki is the art of developing
miniature landscapes which may
include smallest of rock pieces to
represent mountains.

26. 1.Karesansui Gardens or dry gardens
2.Tsukiyama Gardens or hill garden
3.Chaniwa Gardens or tea gardens

27.  Also known as rock gardens and
waterless stream gardens.
 Influenced by Zen Buddhism and
can be found at Zen temples of
meditation
 Found in the front or rear gardens
at the residences.
 No water presents in gardens.
raked gravel or sand that simulates
the feeling of water.
 The rocks/gravel used are chosen
for their artistic shapes, and
mosses as well as small shrubs.
 Plants are much less important
(and sometimes nonexistent)

28.  Rocks and moss are used to
represent ponds, islands, boats,
seas, rivers, and mountains in an
abstract way.
 Gardens were meant to be
viewed from a single, seated
perspective.
 Rocks in karesansui are often
associated with Chinese
mountains such as Mt. Penglai or
Mt. Lu. Karesansui.
 Stones are usually off-white or
grey though the occasional red or
black stone were added later.

29.  They strive to make a
smaller garden appear
more spacious.
 Shrubs are utilized to block
views of surrounding
buildings.
 The gardens main focus is
on nearby mountains in the
distance.
 The garden has the
mountains as part of its
grounds.
 Ponds, streams, hills, stones,
trees, flowers, bridges, and
paths are also used
frequently in this style as
opposed to a flat garden.

30.  They are built for tea
ceremonies.
 Tea house is where the
ceremonies occur, and the
styles of both the hut and
garden are based off the
simple concepts of the sado.
 There are stepping stones
leading to the tea house,
stone lanterns, and stone
basins where guests purify
themselves before a
ceremony.
 The teahouse is screened by
hedges to create a sense of
remoteness

31.  These are large landscape gardens.
Often existing landscapes are
reproduced on a smaller scale, or an
imaginary landscape is created.