Urban renewal brings improvement to the physical and housing conditions and makes a city a
suitable place for living. The commitment of the Plateau State government to giving a face lift to the aesthetic
beauty of the capital city of Jos, through urban renewal, has been reiterated on several occasions. The city
witnessed series of crises almost throughout the last decade with the high density residential areas mostly
affected. The implementation of the proposed urban renewal programmes in the capital city, therefore, call for
caution and concern. This study, having investigated through questionnaires, interview and field observation,
the various socio-economic characteristics of three high density residential areas, namely, Ungwan Rogo,
Gangare and Dadinkowa, respectively sampled from the Northern, Central and Southern strata of the
metropolis, established that the areas are slums. Results of investigations revealed that over 75% of the total
landuse is residential and about 64% of the buildings possess no legal documents. The study further revealed
that away from lack of knowledge of the benefits of urban renewal programmes, fear of loss of property and
lack of trust in government for fear of poor compensation, are factors of non-acceptability of renewal
programmes. 65.8 % of the citizens are of the opinion that poorly managed urban renewal progammes can
regenerate crisis in the metropolis and as such streamlining the process of acquiring C of O, adequate
compensation, incessant pubic enlightenment and public participation, are recommended as key to successful
implementation of urban renewal activities in Jos.
Solid Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis: Implications for Urban Administra...iosrjce
This work examined the solid waste management in Enugu metropolis for urban administration.
Over some period now Enugu metropolis has witnessed big volume of solid waste that adversely affected urban
administrator’s capacity to plan. The improper management of solid waste in Enugu metropolis constituted
health hazards to the citizens. A survey research method was adopted in the study and two hypotheses guided
the study. Data generated were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages and chi-square. The findings
showed that irregular collection of solid waste affects urban development in Enugu metropolis and that lack of
strict enforcement of environmental laws is responsible for indiscriminate dumping of solid waste. It is therefore
recommended that Government should enforce strictly all the environmental related bye-laws, generate
sufficient funds for solid waste management and also checkmate indiscriminate dumping of waste by the citizens
and ensure timely carting away refuse dumps in the metropolis
ssessment of the Spaces between the Developed and Undeveloped Areas in Rongo ...inventionjournals
The establishment of any urban centres is always characterised by either commercial, industrial or administrative activities. Rongo Town is one of the towns that has attracted a large population and this has led to inadequate houses for the residents and general stress in the provision of social amenities. The general objective of the study was to analyse the socio-economic impacts of Rongo urban sprawl. The specific objective of the study was to assess the spaces between the developed and undeveloped area of Rongo Town. This was important because it projected the causes of inadequate housing units in Rongo Town. Concentric Urban Theory was used to guide the study. Cross sectional design method was used in the study. Quantitative and qualitative design methods were used to give the study a structure. The target population was 27,759. From this 6,095 households were used as respondents. Primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires, observation checklist, photographs and sketches. Secondary data involved written articles by experts in urban growth and information in government offices and non-governmental organisations. This data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences which yielded descriptive and inferential statistics. This data was also analysed by content analysis through description. The spaces between the developed and undeveloped areas were found to be so large. The study recommended the construction of high density houses by filling in the spaces between the developed and undeveloped areas in Rongo Town with houses and other necessary infrastructures
Urbanisation started in the early days along the river valleys where civilisation was first experienced. The rate of urbanisation at this time was slow; however, the rate of urbanisation in developing countries is so fast at the moment where it generates many problems like pollution, inadequate housing and clean water, flooding, high rate of waste disposal and insecurity. Many towns do not have plans and policies to govern the establishment of the infrastructures. Planning ensures proper establishment of infrastructures and thus adequate provision of social amenities. One of the major problems in Rongo Town is inadequate housing which is caused by high rate of population growth. Similarly, the provision of other social amenities like education, health and electricity has been stressed as the local authorities and central governments lack the capacity to cope up with the population increase. There is great need to expand the capacity of these facilities in Rongo Town. The need to put in place policies that govern waste management and environmental conservation cannot be downplayed. The government and the local authorities should establish town boundaries to check the movement of towns into the neighbourhood and hence protect the resources in the neighbourhood for economic growth. In a nutshell, everybody including government, local authorities, engineers, planners, town and local residents should be involved in planning and policy formulation so as to improve the living standards of the residents of Rongo Town.
Promotion of Polycentric Settlement (Growth Centre) for Sustainable Developme...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Promotion of Polycentric Settlement (Growth Centre) for Sustainable Development by Kabi Prasad Pokhrel in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Solid Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis: Implications for Urban Administra...iosrjce
This work examined the solid waste management in Enugu metropolis for urban administration.
Over some period now Enugu metropolis has witnessed big volume of solid waste that adversely affected urban
administrator’s capacity to plan. The improper management of solid waste in Enugu metropolis constituted
health hazards to the citizens. A survey research method was adopted in the study and two hypotheses guided
the study. Data generated were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages and chi-square. The findings
showed that irregular collection of solid waste affects urban development in Enugu metropolis and that lack of
strict enforcement of environmental laws is responsible for indiscriminate dumping of solid waste. It is therefore
recommended that Government should enforce strictly all the environmental related bye-laws, generate
sufficient funds for solid waste management and also checkmate indiscriminate dumping of waste by the citizens
and ensure timely carting away refuse dumps in the metropolis
ssessment of the Spaces between the Developed and Undeveloped Areas in Rongo ...inventionjournals
The establishment of any urban centres is always characterised by either commercial, industrial or administrative activities. Rongo Town is one of the towns that has attracted a large population and this has led to inadequate houses for the residents and general stress in the provision of social amenities. The general objective of the study was to analyse the socio-economic impacts of Rongo urban sprawl. The specific objective of the study was to assess the spaces between the developed and undeveloped area of Rongo Town. This was important because it projected the causes of inadequate housing units in Rongo Town. Concentric Urban Theory was used to guide the study. Cross sectional design method was used in the study. Quantitative and qualitative design methods were used to give the study a structure. The target population was 27,759. From this 6,095 households were used as respondents. Primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires, observation checklist, photographs and sketches. Secondary data involved written articles by experts in urban growth and information in government offices and non-governmental organisations. This data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences which yielded descriptive and inferential statistics. This data was also analysed by content analysis through description. The spaces between the developed and undeveloped areas were found to be so large. The study recommended the construction of high density houses by filling in the spaces between the developed and undeveloped areas in Rongo Town with houses and other necessary infrastructures
Urbanisation started in the early days along the river valleys where civilisation was first experienced. The rate of urbanisation at this time was slow; however, the rate of urbanisation in developing countries is so fast at the moment where it generates many problems like pollution, inadequate housing and clean water, flooding, high rate of waste disposal and insecurity. Many towns do not have plans and policies to govern the establishment of the infrastructures. Planning ensures proper establishment of infrastructures and thus adequate provision of social amenities. One of the major problems in Rongo Town is inadequate housing which is caused by high rate of population growth. Similarly, the provision of other social amenities like education, health and electricity has been stressed as the local authorities and central governments lack the capacity to cope up with the population increase. There is great need to expand the capacity of these facilities in Rongo Town. The need to put in place policies that govern waste management and environmental conservation cannot be downplayed. The government and the local authorities should establish town boundaries to check the movement of towns into the neighbourhood and hence protect the resources in the neighbourhood for economic growth. In a nutshell, everybody including government, local authorities, engineers, planners, town and local residents should be involved in planning and policy formulation so as to improve the living standards of the residents of Rongo Town.
Promotion of Polycentric Settlement (Growth Centre) for Sustainable Developme...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Promotion of Polycentric Settlement (Growth Centre) for Sustainable Development by Kabi Prasad Pokhrel in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
In the socio-economic planning process, the understanding of the interrelationships underlying the two types of landscape above described is essential. Each regional context is characterized by particularities of history, by attitudes, beliefs and values, political and legal traditions different socio-economic patterns and concept of justice, interpretation of planning tasks and responsibilities and different structures of governance, in other terms: by its specific characteristics. In spatial planning, physical and social features like topography, drainage, climate, population settlements etc. are significant elements. They are interlinked and interdependent in such a way that they affect each other. So, change in any single element brings change in whole pattern of the region. This present review article attempts the analysis of different aspects of development in the region for its socio-economic development. It explains the concepts of space, region and planning and focuses on need of planning and types of planning locational theories of planning. The ideas of the present paper may be useful in generation of a platform for better spatial planning to bring improvement in social well- being of the people living in this region.
The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning PreparednessESD UNU-IAS
The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning Preparedness
Presented by:
Mr. La Ode Mansyur – Ministry Marine and Fisheries, UPT, Makassar Coastal and Marine Resource Management Center (BPSPL), Indonesia
Ms. Maliha Binte Mohiuddin – Regional Ambassador, YouthMappers Network, Bangladesh
Mr. Yin Shuxi – Lecturer, Center of Disaster Management, Hefei University of Technology, China
Ms. Maria Therese Sandra C. Cacas – Junior Engineering Associate, Campus Development and Maintenance Office, UP Open University
2019 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
24-30 November, 2019
definitions as per census data , origin and characteristics of slums in european, American and Indian cities.
Government and non governmental approaches to engaging with issues regarding slums in Indian cities.
Planning and Urban Management-issues & challenges Subodh Shankar
With more and more people shifting to urban areas, the management issues of urban areas are getting complex day by day- posing serious challenges to urban planners and city managers. The slides, with the help of the case study of Curitiba(Brazil), discuss how an architect turned politician, through his innovative approaches solved the complex urban issues in most economical way.
FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS IN INTERNATIONAL BORDER TOWN...IAEME Publication
The estimation of determinants of housing development patterns in international border towns is essential to overcome some of the challenges facing development in these areas. However, few studies have detailed physical factors and neighbourhood characteristics as determinants of housing formation in international settlements. It is in this respect that the researcher aimed at evaluating these factors as regard housing formation pattern in international areas. The study systematically obtained the opinion of selected 361 residents in three selected towns between Nigeria and Benin-Republic using questionnaire instrument. Also, the relationship between housing development pattern and the determinants was hypothesized based life-cycle model of neighbourhood change using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Both models of SEM – Measurement model and Structural model – adequately fit the study data. From the structural model findings, it was discovered that both physical (0.13) and neighbourhood factors (0.11) significantly have direct effects on housing development pattern in international towns. Housing physical factors such as road network, land features, dwelling accessibility and vegetation have indirect effect on housing pattern just like neighbourhood factors in the area of drainage system, level of infrastructural facilities, condition of space, and condition of foundation and land acquisition finance.
Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
Short write up looks at the Norms and standards evolved for the use of planners in undertaking exercise for planning of human settlements at city of local level- defining the role, importance, intent, content, approach and the objectives to be achieved.. It calls for rationalisation of planning norms based on research , with the aim to make them cost-effective, land efficient, more productive and people and sustainability focus
Definition,meaning, scope,approach, and aim of urban-geographyKamrul Islam Karim
What is Urban Geography?
It can be considered a sub-discipline of the larger field of human geography with overlaps of content with that of Cultural Geography
Definition of Urban Geography.
Urban geography is the study of urban places with reference to their geographical environment.
Urban geography is the sub discipline of geography which concentrates on those parts of the Earth's surface that have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure
.
It is that branch of science, which deals with the study of urban areas, in terms of concentration, infrastructure, economy, and environmental impacts.
Griffith Taylor- Urban Geography includes the site revolution pattern and classification of towns.
Dudley Stamp- Urban Geography is infecting the intensive study of town and their development in all their geographical aspects.
Meaning of an Urban Place
UN Demographic Year Book concludes: “There is no point in the continuum from large agglomerations to small clusters or scattered dwellings where urbanity disappears and rurality begins the division between urban and rural populations is necessarily arbitrary.”
A review of the problems of rural and urban centres as revealed by the Census Reports of various countries identifies a few bases for reckoning a place as urban.
Difference between rural and urban depends upon their nature of work – the former being engaged in agricultural operations and the latter in non-agricultural activities.
Criteria of an Urban Place
(1) A place designated by administrative status;
(2) A minimum population;
(3) A minimum population density;
(4) A concept of contiguity to include or exclude under suburban area or loosely scattered settlement;
(5) A proportion engaged in non-agricultural occupations; and
(6) A functional character.
Attributes of Urban Geography
Scope/nature/theme of Urban Geography
Methods or Approaches of Urban Places
Aim of urban geography
Metropolitan Cities:Which Development Strategies? Which Governance Tools? New...Regional Science Academy
Presentation by Luigi Fusco Girard
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Urban Empires - Cities as Global Rulers in the New Urban World’
Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland (August, 2016)
Urban mobility is primary function of human being.The development of activities to increase residential population densities within the existing built-up area of a city. This may include the redevelopment of vacant land, the refurbishment of housing, the development of new business enterprises, new public transportation, new community recreation facilities.
Strategies for Development of Peri Urban Areas in a Developing Country A Case...ijtsrd
The world is experiencing a new phenomena – peri urbanism. As the population is increasing and cities are infrastructurally upgraded, there has been a gradual shift of the urban population from the more developed regions to the less developed ones, aimed at availing free open spaces to live, grow and setting up new communities. This movement of urban population in large numbers has led to formation of peri urban spaces. With no such boundary to define the peri urban spaces, these areas are the outskirts of the urban centres which are to be explored. A detailed understanding about the dynamics of urbanisation is necessary for coping with the negative effects poised by urban sprawling on the peri urban areas. Being designated as one of the first smart city of India, Bhubaneswar city is experiencing formation of urban sprawls around the major urban nodes. In order to further examine the need for policy formulation, a detailed study has been done to understand the demographic, economic and social profile of the inhabitants residing within the fringe areas of Bhubaneswar. The emperical approach of the paper is based on the study of the infrastructure and development issues of the area using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The final findings of the study includes the issues, problems and recommendations to be applicable for a planned and controlled development in the peri urban areas of Bhubaneswar. Leena Sahoo | Swapna Sarita Swain "Strategies for Development of Peri-Urban Areas in a Developing Country (A Case Study of Bhubaneswar)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42350.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/architecture-and-planning/42350/strategies-for-development-of-periurban-areas-in-a-developing-country-a-case-study-of-bhubaneswar/leena-sahoo
In the socio-economic planning process, the understanding of the interrelationships underlying the two types of landscape above described is essential. Each regional context is characterized by particularities of history, by attitudes, beliefs and values, political and legal traditions different socio-economic patterns and concept of justice, interpretation of planning tasks and responsibilities and different structures of governance, in other terms: by its specific characteristics. In spatial planning, physical and social features like topography, drainage, climate, population settlements etc. are significant elements. They are interlinked and interdependent in such a way that they affect each other. So, change in any single element brings change in whole pattern of the region. This present review article attempts the analysis of different aspects of development in the region for its socio-economic development. It explains the concepts of space, region and planning and focuses on need of planning and types of planning locational theories of planning. The ideas of the present paper may be useful in generation of a platform for better spatial planning to bring improvement in social well- being of the people living in this region.
The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning PreparednessESD UNU-IAS
The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning Preparedness
Presented by:
Mr. La Ode Mansyur – Ministry Marine and Fisheries, UPT, Makassar Coastal and Marine Resource Management Center (BPSPL), Indonesia
Ms. Maliha Binte Mohiuddin – Regional Ambassador, YouthMappers Network, Bangladesh
Mr. Yin Shuxi – Lecturer, Center of Disaster Management, Hefei University of Technology, China
Ms. Maria Therese Sandra C. Cacas – Junior Engineering Associate, Campus Development and Maintenance Office, UP Open University
2019 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
24-30 November, 2019
definitions as per census data , origin and characteristics of slums in european, American and Indian cities.
Government and non governmental approaches to engaging with issues regarding slums in Indian cities.
Planning and Urban Management-issues & challenges Subodh Shankar
With more and more people shifting to urban areas, the management issues of urban areas are getting complex day by day- posing serious challenges to urban planners and city managers. The slides, with the help of the case study of Curitiba(Brazil), discuss how an architect turned politician, through his innovative approaches solved the complex urban issues in most economical way.
FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS IN INTERNATIONAL BORDER TOWN...IAEME Publication
The estimation of determinants of housing development patterns in international border towns is essential to overcome some of the challenges facing development in these areas. However, few studies have detailed physical factors and neighbourhood characteristics as determinants of housing formation in international settlements. It is in this respect that the researcher aimed at evaluating these factors as regard housing formation pattern in international areas. The study systematically obtained the opinion of selected 361 residents in three selected towns between Nigeria and Benin-Republic using questionnaire instrument. Also, the relationship between housing development pattern and the determinants was hypothesized based life-cycle model of neighbourhood change using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Both models of SEM – Measurement model and Structural model – adequately fit the study data. From the structural model findings, it was discovered that both physical (0.13) and neighbourhood factors (0.11) significantly have direct effects on housing development pattern in international towns. Housing physical factors such as road network, land features, dwelling accessibility and vegetation have indirect effect on housing pattern just like neighbourhood factors in the area of drainage system, level of infrastructural facilities, condition of space, and condition of foundation and land acquisition finance.
Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
Short write up looks at the Norms and standards evolved for the use of planners in undertaking exercise for planning of human settlements at city of local level- defining the role, importance, intent, content, approach and the objectives to be achieved.. It calls for rationalisation of planning norms based on research , with the aim to make them cost-effective, land efficient, more productive and people and sustainability focus
Definition,meaning, scope,approach, and aim of urban-geographyKamrul Islam Karim
What is Urban Geography?
It can be considered a sub-discipline of the larger field of human geography with overlaps of content with that of Cultural Geography
Definition of Urban Geography.
Urban geography is the study of urban places with reference to their geographical environment.
Urban geography is the sub discipline of geography which concentrates on those parts of the Earth's surface that have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure
.
It is that branch of science, which deals with the study of urban areas, in terms of concentration, infrastructure, economy, and environmental impacts.
Griffith Taylor- Urban Geography includes the site revolution pattern and classification of towns.
Dudley Stamp- Urban Geography is infecting the intensive study of town and their development in all their geographical aspects.
Meaning of an Urban Place
UN Demographic Year Book concludes: “There is no point in the continuum from large agglomerations to small clusters or scattered dwellings where urbanity disappears and rurality begins the division between urban and rural populations is necessarily arbitrary.”
A review of the problems of rural and urban centres as revealed by the Census Reports of various countries identifies a few bases for reckoning a place as urban.
Difference between rural and urban depends upon their nature of work – the former being engaged in agricultural operations and the latter in non-agricultural activities.
Criteria of an Urban Place
(1) A place designated by administrative status;
(2) A minimum population;
(3) A minimum population density;
(4) A concept of contiguity to include or exclude under suburban area or loosely scattered settlement;
(5) A proportion engaged in non-agricultural occupations; and
(6) A functional character.
Attributes of Urban Geography
Scope/nature/theme of Urban Geography
Methods or Approaches of Urban Places
Aim of urban geography
Metropolitan Cities:Which Development Strategies? Which Governance Tools? New...Regional Science Academy
Presentation by Luigi Fusco Girard
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Urban Empires - Cities as Global Rulers in the New Urban World’
Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland (August, 2016)
Urban mobility is primary function of human being.The development of activities to increase residential population densities within the existing built-up area of a city. This may include the redevelopment of vacant land, the refurbishment of housing, the development of new business enterprises, new public transportation, new community recreation facilities.
Strategies for Development of Peri Urban Areas in a Developing Country A Case...ijtsrd
The world is experiencing a new phenomena – peri urbanism. As the population is increasing and cities are infrastructurally upgraded, there has been a gradual shift of the urban population from the more developed regions to the less developed ones, aimed at availing free open spaces to live, grow and setting up new communities. This movement of urban population in large numbers has led to formation of peri urban spaces. With no such boundary to define the peri urban spaces, these areas are the outskirts of the urban centres which are to be explored. A detailed understanding about the dynamics of urbanisation is necessary for coping with the negative effects poised by urban sprawling on the peri urban areas. Being designated as one of the first smart city of India, Bhubaneswar city is experiencing formation of urban sprawls around the major urban nodes. In order to further examine the need for policy formulation, a detailed study has been done to understand the demographic, economic and social profile of the inhabitants residing within the fringe areas of Bhubaneswar. The emperical approach of the paper is based on the study of the infrastructure and development issues of the area using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The final findings of the study includes the issues, problems and recommendations to be applicable for a planned and controlled development in the peri urban areas of Bhubaneswar. Leena Sahoo | Swapna Sarita Swain "Strategies for Development of Peri-Urban Areas in a Developing Country (A Case Study of Bhubaneswar)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42350.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/architecture-and-planning/42350/strategies-for-development-of-periurban-areas-in-a-developing-country-a-case-study-of-bhubaneswar/leena-sahoo
Implications of Present Land Use Plan on Urban Growth and Environmental Susta...Agboola Paul
Land use, urban development, and environmental sustainability have become an interesting research arena as urban development would change the city landscape as well as generate environmental degradation. This paper looks at the missing link between land use planning and urban growth, and its implications for environmental sustainability in a selected sub-Saharan Africa city of Kaduna, Nigeria. We assessed urban growth from historical GIS data of the city to evaluate the urban expansion. At the same time, regression analysis was used to established relationship between carbon emission and traffic volume in the city.
Rural Regeneration in Egypt: A Review of Existing Typologies in Borderline AreasIEREK Press
Tracking rural areas and studying them may not be an easy task. The concept of whether the area at hand is urban or rural could be simple, but lately rural areas could carry many features that may deviate the definition into one which is unclear. In urbanized rural development, reversing the urbanization spotted may not be the ideal way to go, urban developers often suggest that to go back to the roots is to regenerate the area back into rural, however, regenerating rural areas using rural parameters and definitions may not be what the urban area in hand needs and the changes and challenges that are facing rural communities in Egypt need to be understood before any plan can be deemed as effective or even worthwhile The rapid increase in urbanization and how it affects agriculture land, shorelines, and rural land, has affected badly therural capacity, and led to a constant threat of overhaul in place of towns, cities, and other urban activities. However, rural areas are the lungs of the planet alongside forests and other green areas and having them diminish substantially will lead to aninevitable catastrophe. Regenerating rural areas should focus on revitalizing and embedding them into the social, cultural, and economic structure of the region, however, it may not always involve turning them back to what is commonly termed as rural.This research attempts to review and discuss the meaning and definitions of rural regeneration with a view to propose a strategic plan to regenerate borderlineareas in Egypt.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
A B S T R A C T
The significance of neighbourhood in hosting a group of dwellings units and possessing adequate communal facilities could not be overemphasized in the study of people and place relationships. There are two main objectives of this study: (i) to study the neighbourhood’s associated challenges through the size, growth, and land use distribution, and (ii) to investigate the perceived inhabitants’ activities pattern within the neighbourhood. The objectives are explored through a morphological and GIS-based land use analysis of a rural neighbourhood in South-west, Nigeria. The town is studied in three transformation phases, dating back to five decades using ArcGIS version 10.3. The 1st phase spanned between the year 1910 to 1959, while the 2nd and 3rd phases ran through the year 1960 to 1999, and year 2000 to 2015 respectively. The exploration in this study is to document the diverse neighbourhood challenges, features, and prospects, which remain uninvestigated in the case study area for the past years. The first finding revealed that some challenges needed to be resolved in a bid to meet the residents’ current basic needs. The second finding indicated that the rural settlements in Nigeria emanated from the residents’ adaptation to the environmental conditions, cum transformation through human activities. Meanwhile, the third finding established that the human settlements evolved in connection to the local socio-economic, recreation and religious virtues of the traditional marketplace (Oja). In conclusion, human historical and social influences play a significant role in ameliorating the challenges associated with the spatial developments of the settlements. The implication of the study becomes vital to the major stakeholders and professionals in the built environment on the significance of enhancing the sustainable communities in Nigeria.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(2), 106-121. Doi:10.25034/ijcua.2018.3675
www.ijcua.com
Land use planning: Panacea a Sustainable Lagos MegacitySamuel Dekolo
There is a trajectory between land use planning and sustainable development. Both concepts tend to deliberately use available societal resources in a rational way in order to meet future desired needs and aspirations. However, the lack of land use planning of megacities in developing countries has brought about various environmental and economic consequences which cannot be overlooked. The sprawling nature of the Lagos megacity is very alarming and to achieve sustainability, there is need to strike a balance between the spatial needs for human activities and available land through sustainable land use planning which is constant. This paper examines the theoretical underpinnings of land use planning, which seems to be dislocated from existing planning practice and emphasize the need for a holistic approach which transcends the traditional land use planning in order to achieve sustainable development.
Engineering management to urban development, particularly construction projects are
usually considered a ‘high risk job’ mostly because of, a lack of adequate government’s act
with necessary policies, environmental information, and urban construction experiences.
Similar construction projects may have very different risk characteristics of different
development regions in Nepal. It is difficult for a newcomer to identify new risks, in a new
environment and politically instable in the country. It is more difficult to assess these risks
and impact of relationships among them. On the one hand, ignoring these risks is
irresponsible and unrealistic decisions by the professionals. On the other hand, identifying
and assessing all the new risks and their relationships is a very complicated, time-consuming,
and expensive process. This process is possible for the majority of projects, especially when
there are adequate amounts of information, skilled technical team, and enough time. When
such a complex scenario faced the accessing and responding these vital risk factors in urban
development projects becomes extremely important. Engineering knowledge is the basic tools
to apply for drastic change in the country's infrastructures for urban development.
PERI–URBAN HOUSING IN OYO STATE: CASE STUDY OF APETE IBADANinventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
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Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
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imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
1. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 9, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. 2015), PP 24-29
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/2402-09112429 www.iosrjournals.org 24 | Page
Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau State,
Nigeria
1
R.O. Oladosu, 2
H.B. Bwala, 3
S.M. Nghalmi, 4
M.K. Mangga
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.
Abstract: Urban renewal brings improvement to the physical and housing conditions and makes a city a
suitable place for living. The commitment of the Plateau State government to giving a face lift to the aesthetic
beauty of the capital city of Jos, through urban renewal, has been reiterated on several occasions. The city
witnessed series of crises almost throughout the last decade with the high density residential areas mostly
affected. The implementation of the proposed urban renewal programmes in the capital city, therefore, call for
caution and concern. This study, having investigated through questionnaires, interview and field observation,
the various socio-economic characteristics of three high density residential areas, namely, Ungwan Rogo,
Gangare and Dadinkowa, respectively sampled from the Northern, Central and Southern strata of the
metropolis, established that the areas are slums. Results of investigations revealed that over 75% of the total
landuse is residential and about 64% of the buildings possess no legal documents. The study further revealed
that away from lack of knowledge of the benefits of urban renewal programmes, fear of loss of property and
lack of trust in government for fear of poor compensation, are factors of non-acceptability of renewal
programmes. 65.8 % of the citizens are of the opinion that poorly managed urban renewal progammes can
regenerate crisis in the metropolis and as such streamlining the process of acquiring C of O, adequate
compensation, incessant pubic enlightenment and public participation, are recommended as key to successful
implementation of urban renewal activities in Jos.
Keywords: Issues, Challenges, Urban Renewal
I. Introduction
The unprecedented rate of urbanization in the 20th century down to the first tenth of the 21st century,
compared to most part of human history, is widely noted by not only professionals in the built environment and
social sciences but also, sociologists and host of others Demographers predict that 90% of the human population
growth in this century will occur in developing countries and that almost all of that growth will occur in cities
(Cunningham and Cunningham, 2007).
The Nigeria‟s urban population was put at 49.6% in 2011 (CIA World Fact book, 2013) and according
to the same source, the estimated annual rate of urbanization change from 2010-2015, is 3.5%. The geometric
progression tract of growth in urban population in Nigeria like many other developing countries, has
continuously put pressure on housing and infrastructural facilities which on the other hand have continued to
grow arithmetically; as housing policies, programmes and interventions are still yielding low results. The result
of which has always been slum developments in both the centre and fringe areas of the cities. Studies have
shown the deplorable conditions of urban housing in Nigeria (Onokerhoraye, 1976, Wahab et al 1990) as cited
by Olotuah, (2007). The studies affirm that 75% of the dwelling units in urban centres in Nigeria are
substandard and the dwellings are sited in slums. The inadequacy of the quality of most of urban housing stems
mainly from the poor physical state of the buildings. Most slums lack reliable sanitation services, supply of
clean water, reliable electricity, timely law enforcement and other basic services.
Concern for quality urban environment and deliberate attempt to improve and protect health of urban
dwellers through urban renewal programmes, which has been in the centre line of urban policy and city
governance in the developed world for several decades, is equally becoming a ground gaining phenomenon in
Nigeria and many Third World countries where instances of both policy and pragmatic efforts abound in recent
times. Nevertheless, it is crystally glaring, even to the most casual observer, that these efforts have not yielded
much desired results aimed at providing that type of urban environment that is conducive and capable of
optimum realization of the benefits of urban living and as well suitable to enhance functional efficiency of urban
inhabitants at home, work and play.
Researches have shown that many Nigerian cities are still characterized by filth and squalor, decrepit
structures, poor sanitary conditions and poor accessibility, among others. These generalized conditions also
apply to the tin mining settlement of Jos, even though it is a relatively new settlement in the annals of Nigerian
history. Strategies tried to reduce and transform slums in different countries, with varying degrees of success,
include a combination of slum removal, slum relocation, slum upgrading, urban planning with city wide
infrastructure development, and public housing projects. Studies have shown that challenges of the
2. Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria.
DOI: 10.9790/2402-09112429 www.iosrjournals.org 25 | Page
implementation cannot be over emphasized, despite the overwhelming aesthetic value, environmental health,
economic and social benefits that are expected to be derived from the program, its implementation in African
countries has not always been without challenges especially, faced with opposition from inhabitants‟
disagreement and misunderstanding and even violence between the renewal agencies and the inhabitants in
extreme cases.
The Jos master plan developed by Doxiadis in 1973, concluded that there was no effective
administrative control over urban development of the city. This and other factors, particularly urbanization
process, has hitherto led to the development of slums in many parts of the metropolis. The government of the
state at different times had made attempt to forestall the plan. The current government for instance, had on
several occasions, reiterated her intention to embark on full implementation of the Greater Jos master plan,
particularly as has to do with the renewal of slum areas within the metropolis. „Plateau State government
yesterday said the implementation of the Greater Jos Master Plan which aims at giving the state capital and its
environs a face lift is still on course‟ (National Mirror, September 11, 2013).
In furtherance of previous studies on the subject of urban renewal, this study seeks to examine issues
surrounding the perception of inhabitants of slum areas regarding urban renewal, and on this basis suggesting
and providing a framework for the implementation of urban renewal programmes in Jos, a major component in
the implementation of the city‟s master plan, particularly in the face of the relatively stable and peaceful
atmosphere currently enjoyed in the city following the recurring urban violence that engulfed the city from
2001-2009. Along this axis, the study examines the socio-economic characteristics, physical and environmental
characteristics and the perception of inhabitants regarding urban renewal, of three high density residential areas.
II. Materials And Methods
The research is based on empirical study carried out. This involved the collection of both secondary
and primary data on the perception of the inhabitants of the study areas on the proposed urban renewal
programmes of the Plateau state government.
The metropolitan city of Jos was divided along three strata- Northern, Central and Southern areas. A
combination of Field Survey Assessment (FSA) and Rough Screening Method were used to identify and rank
the high density residential areas in each stratum in order of level of decay, degeneration, and landuse mixtures.
The district area with the lowest score in the rank, was selected in each of the strata making Gangare, Ungwan
Rogo and Dadinkowa to emerge as sampled districts for studies.
Secondary sources of data including internet, textbooks, journals, conference proceedings and
newspapers, were explored to review some underlying theoretical issues from previous researches. The study
population is 15,778 projected at 2.5% growth rate from previous work.(See Dung-Gwom and Oladosu, 2004).
Open and close-ended structured interview questions were administered on 5%, summed up to 778 of household
heads randomly selected in each of the three high density residential areas to obtain relevant information on
socio-economic data, physical state of buildings and their infrastructural accessories, as well as knowledge and
perception of the inhabitants on urban renewal. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools
particularly tables. A summation of the respondents‟ opinion in the three sampled areas is used to determine the
percentages due to the homogenous nature of the inhabitants of these areas.
III. Results And Discussion Of Findings
Table 1: Socio-Economic Characteristics
Length of years stayed in the Area
Years
Areas
Total %Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa
0-10 13 23 20 56 7.2
11-20 20 31 32 83 10.7
21-30 27 32 37 96 12.3
31-40 55 59 65 175 22.5
41-50 69 71 73 213 27.4
> 50 42 48 65 155 19.9
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Level of education
Level
Areas
Total %Gangare Ungn Rogo Dadinkowa
Primary 51 40 58 149 19.1
Secondary 53 57 78 188 24.2
Grade II 47 25 65 137 17.6
Tertiary 15 20 38 73 9.4
Others 60 122 49 231 29.7
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Occupation Status
3. Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria.
DOI: 10.9790/2402-09112429 www.iosrjournals.org 26 | Page
Occupation
Areas
Total %Gangare Ungn Rogo Dadinkowa
Farmers 10 33 35 78 10.0
Traders 54 63 50 167 21.5
Civil servant 18 15 43 76 9.8
Self employed 27 62 32 121 15.6
Artisans 50 56 51 157 20.1
Others 67 35 77 179 23.0
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Average monthly income
Income (N) Areas
Total %Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa
< 10000 29 10 53 92 11.8
10001-20000 56 91 80 227 29.2
20001-30000 73 79 64 216 27.8
30001-40000 27 15 32 74 9.5
> 40000 41 69 59 169 21.7
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Household size
Persons/Household
Areas
Total %Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa
1-3 11 24 46 81 10.4
4-6 38 53 30 121 15.6
7-9 84 71 53 208 26.7
10 and above 93 116 159 368 47.3
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Source: Authors‟ Field work, 2014.
Analysis of the data collected on socio-economic characteristics of inhabitants of the study areas is
contained in Table 1 above. The analysis indicated that 70% of the inhabitants have lived in the areas for 30
years and above thereby making them to stand a good position in providing useful information regarding the
developmental process of the areas. Respondents indicated that only 9.7% acquired higher education, 24.2% and
17.6% obtained secondary and Grade II certificates respectively while 19.1% only possess primary school
certificate. 29.7% did not however acquire any formal education but only informal like adult and Islamic
education. This reflects in the occupational structure of the area with only about 10% in active civil service and
the remaining 90% working as petty traders (who sell provisions in corner shops, firewood for fuel, roasted corn
on roadside etc), artisans, farmers or self-employed in other occupations such as labourers etc. The level of
income as contained in the table revealed that 41% earn below N20000.00 monthly. This, no doubt, has
contributed to the deteriorating nature of the environment and houses in the areas. It is also astonishing that 74%
of the areas studied has a household sizes of 7 and above. All these contribute to the poor housing and
environmental conditions of these areas.
Physical and Environmental Conditions
Data was collected on landuse pattern and various indicators of the physical and environmental
conditions of the areas sampled for studies in this work as provided in Table 2 and 3 below. Analysis of the
landuse pattern showed that residential landuse take up to 75.3%. This deviates significantly from the
recommended planning standard of 50-60% in a high density areas. (See Obateru, 1986). Commercial and
industrial landuses take 6.4% and 3.3% respectively. Only 3.4% is available for recreation activities while the
circulation accounts for only 4.6%. Many of the buildings are physically poor as respondents indicated that
44.2% of these buildings have been erected over 40 years ago with another 19.5% older than 30 years. The
physical condition of the buildings and the environment is also poor with 53% and 26.1% of the buildings rated
as poor and fair respectively. Only 20.9% are said to be good. Investigation regarding the methods of waste
disposal reveals that 88.1% of residents dispose their refuse either by way of burning or open dump. 2.9%
patronize refuse vendor while only 9.0% dispose their refuse at collection points. Findings of this study further
showed that only about 20% of inhabitants of these areas have access to tap water while 15.3% obtain water
from boreholes (hand pump). Most, about 64.3% depend on shallow wells, streams or water vendors. This
situation is unhealthy for living as residents are liable to outbreak of water borne diseases. On the sources of
light as indicated in the table, 45.4% of the population get light through the national grid, even though it was
discovered that a good number of these people tap the light through illegal connection. Other sources are bush
lamp (17.5%), generators (16.9%) and other sources including electric lamp etc. which account for 20.2%.
4. Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria.
DOI: 10.9790/2402-09112429 www.iosrjournals.org 27 | Page
Table 2: Landuse pattern
Landuse pattern
Landuse
District
Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Residential 174 189 223 586 75.3
Commercial 15 24 11 50 6.4
Industrial 9 8 9 26 3.3
Public 11 10 9 30 3.9
Recreation 6 5 15 26 3.4
Agriculture 4 9 11 24 3.1
Circulation 7 19 10 36 4.6
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Source: Authors‟ Field Work, 2014.
Table 3: Physical and Environmental Conditions
Age of buildings
Age
Areas
Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
< 10 years 11 23 54 88 11.3
11-20 years 29 15 43 87 11.2
21-30 years 30 43 34 107 13.8
31-40 55 38 59 152 19.5
41 & above 101 145 98 344 44.2
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Physical condition of the buildings
Condition
Areas
Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Good 45 46 72 163 20.9
Fair 64 71 68 203 26.1
Poor 117 147 148 412 53.0
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Waste disposal
Method Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Open dump 104 117 143 364 46.8
Burning 85 123 113 321 41.3
Refuse vendor 10 4 9 23 2.9
Collection point 27 20 23 70 9.0
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Source of water supply
Source Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Tap 45 53 61 159 20.4
Borehole 33 42 44 119 15.3
Well 62 68 78 208 26.7
Water Vendor 43 51 52 146 18.8
Stream 20 28 28 76 9.8
Others 23 22 25 70 9.0
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Sources of light
Gangare Ungn Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
PHCN 109 118 126 353 45.4
Bush lamp 34 53 49 136 17.5
Electric lamp 41 49 42 132 16.9
Others 42 44 71 157 20.2
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Source: Authors Field Work, 2014.
The results of the study as contained in Table 1, 2 and 3 above clearly show that government‟s proposal
of renewal programmes for high density residential areas in Jos is justified. The contention of this study
however, is the acceptance of the programme by the residents of the slum areas considering their level of
education and most importantly the recurring crises that engulfed the city for almost a decade viz-a-viz the
relative peace currently being enjoyed by the residents. However, it was discovered that slum inhabitants will
accept the renewal programmes if they will be adequately compensated by a way of determining the market
value of the buildings. (See Table 4 below).
5. Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria.
DOI: 10.9790/2402-09112429 www.iosrjournals.org 28 | Page
Table 4: Urban Renewal Issues
Source: Authors‟ Field Work, 2014.
Table 3 above presents the perception and opinion of slum inhabitants in the study areas on
issues that bother around urban renewal. The perception of inhabitants indicate that a significant
population of residents (54.8%) are not satisfied with the housing and environmental conditions under which
they are living while an additional 32.9% indicated that they are fairly satisfied with the conditions. Only 12.3%
see nothing wrong with the conditions of the housing and environment in their areas.
Opinions on the residents‟ knowledge of urban renewal in the table showed that 70.1% have knowledge
of the benefits of urban renewal, 20.8% do not while 9.1% did not indicate their opinion. This partly may be the
reason while majority expressed their dissatisfaction with their housing and environmental conditions as shown
in the appropriate section of the table.
According to residents, most, 64.4% of the houses do not have Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
while only 29.9% possess the document. 5.7% did not respond to the question. This reflects in their expression
of reasons for rejecting urban renewal where 51.3% and 35.6% respectively indicated fear of loss of property,
perhaps without compensation and lack of trust in government respectively as reasons for not wanting the
implementation of urban renewal programmes in their areas despite the fact that they are not satisfied with their
housing and environmental conditions and their understanding of the ultimate benefits of urban renewal. Loss of
family ties form 11.9% while those that decline to the question make up to 1.2% of the residents.
There is a significant connection between the residents‟ reasons for rejecting urban renewal and
supporting of the programmes on ground of adequate compensation. 80.2% are ready to support renewal if they
Perception on housing and environmental condition
Perception Areas
Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Satisfied 12 24 60 96 12.3
Fairly satisfied 76 86 94 256 32.9
Not satisfied 138 154 134 426 54.8
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Knowledge of urban renewal
Response
Areas
Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Yes 154 192 199 545 70.1
No 51 39 72 162 20.8
Indifferent 21 33 17 71 9.1
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Dwellings with Certificate of Occupancy
Response
Areas
Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Yes 54 79 100 233 29.9
No 151 176 174 501 64.4
No response 21 9 14 44 5.7
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Reasons for rejecting urban renewal
Reasons
Areas
Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Loss of property 112 136 151 399 51.3
Loss of family tie 22 20 51 93 11.9
Lack of trust in
government
86 105 86 277 35.6
Indifferent 6 3 - 9 1.2
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Views on compensation
Response
Areas
Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa Total %
Yes 198 185 241 624 80.2
No 23 77 40 140 18.0
Indifferent 5 2 7 14 1.8
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
Urban renewal and re-occurrence of crisis
Response
Areas
Total %Gangare Ungwan Rogo Dadinkowa
Yes 130 183 199 512 65.8
No 85 72 84 241 31.0
Indifferent 11 9 5 25 3.2
Total 226 264 288 778 100.0
6. Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria.
DOI: 10.9790/2402-09112429 www.iosrjournals.org 29 | Page
will be adequately compensated while 18.0% are not interested even with compensation. 1.2% failed to decide.
On the challenge of recurring crisis in Jos, residents‟ opinion showed that 65.8% were still of the opinion that
urban renewal involving demolition of peoples‟ houses can regenerate the crisis if poorly implemented. 31.0%
did not believe this while 3.2% did not respond. This perhaps is linked to the fact that the intensity of the past
Jos crisis was more in the high density areas of the metropolis where the renewals are proposed, as revealed by
past studies. (See Dung-Gwom and Oladosu, 2004).
IV. Recommendations And Conclusion
The results obtained from the various indices used to assess the three residential areas sampled for this
study shows that the areas are slums, mostly occupied by low income earners on the scale of the national
minimum wage of N18000.00. The buildings are old and are structurally poor; and the environment is
aesthetically displeasing with dump of refuse, pollution and poor accessibility. Residential landuse takes over
75% of the total landuse and the areas are generally poorly served with infrastructures.
The study reveals that lack of trust in government for fear of losing their property and poorly
compensated is a strong factor that will prevent Jos inhabitants from accepting urban renewal programmes of
the government even though over 70% expressed their understanding of the benefits of such programmes. On
the other hand, residents are of the opinion that a poorly managed renewal programme can again spring up crisis
in the mist of relative peace currently in force in the metropolis. Consequent upon this, concerted effort will be
required of the government to ensure all houses to be affected in the renewal process are adequately
compensated to avoid re-occurrence of crisis in the city. Grassroot public enlightenment is also required to
further enlighten the public on the essence of urban renewal and people from the affected areas should equally
be involved in the planning process. In view of a significant percentage of the houses not having legality as
revealed by the study, it becomes paramount for the state government to streamline the process of acquiring
Certificate of Occupancy.
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