Short write up looks at the Norms and standards evolved for the use of planners in undertaking exercise for planning of human settlements at city of local level- defining the role, importance, intent, content, approach and the objectives to be achieved.. It calls for rationalisation of planning norms based on research , with the aim to make them cost-effective, land efficient, more productive and people and sustainability focus
The document discusses the concepts and principles of neighborhood planning. It describes Clarence Perry's neighborhood unit model from the early 1900s which centered schools in neighborhoods and used arterial streets to define boundaries while prioritizing walkability. The purpose of neighborhood planning is to enable social interaction, share amenities, and ensure safety. Principles include limiting neighborhood size, using major roads as boundaries, internal street hierarchies, and dedicating 10% of land to open space. Southern Village in Chapel Hill, NC is provided as an example, being a 312-acre mixed-use development with housing, retail, offices, and civic spaces organized around a central green.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city concept as a solution to problems in late 19th century cities. He envisioned self-sufficient towns of around 30,000 people, surrounded by greenbelts, that combined the benefits of town and country living without their drawbacks. Letchworth Garden City, built in 1903, was the first to implement Howard's ideas of concentric design and separation of housing, industry and agriculture. The garden city movement aimed to reform urban planning and integrate people more with nature.
gandhinagar town planning literature studyTanmay Roy
Gandhinagar is the capital city of Gujarat, located 23 km north of Ahmedabad. It was planned in the 1960s after Ahmedabad became the capital of Gujarat following Partition. The city is built on land that was once part of the Pethapur state. It has a population of over 200,000 and a planned layout with sectors, roads aligned to avoid sun glare, and public buildings like the assembly hall near the center. Gandhinagar has good transportation links and is an administrative and economic hub of Gujarat.
The document discusses the proposed development of a new township along the Bangalore-Mysore corridor that will include 5 separate zones - a corporate township, commercial township, industrial township, heritage township, and eco-tourism township. It then focuses on planning the corporate township, which will be located near Bidadi on 9,800 acres of land. The proposed master plan for the corporate township includes zoning the 60,702 square meter site for residential, commercial, open space, and roads. Housing typologies include studio, LIG, MIG, and HIG units. Unit plans and a cluster model are presented.
The document provides guidelines for urban planning techniques and practices in India according to UDPFI (Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation) standards. It outlines the need for guidelines to promote orderly and efficient urban development. The urban planning system involves perspective plans, development plans, annual plans and project plans. Norms and standards are provided for land use distribution, infrastructure, commercial facilities, recreation, transportation, and population densities for different sizes of urban areas. Recommendations include increasing densities in metro areas and encouraging renewable energy and waste management techniques.
The policy of govt and public sector institutions is to support and develop housing programmes on the basis of availability of resources and on their perception of housing demand and affordability rather than on the basis of the requirements and affordability of prospective beneficiaries.
The National Housing policy of the government of India has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of the housing process and create the enabling environment in which the requisite inputs would flow into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
Urban planning theories have evolved over time in response to changes in populations, economies, and technologies. Early theories focused on orderly city layouts with separate zones. Hippodamus proposed dividing cities into public and private areas with grids. Howard's Garden Cities aimed to blend urban and rural advantages. Geddes emphasized relationships between people and environments. Later, modernist planners like Le Corbusier proposed high-density "Radiant Cities." Burgess' concentric zone model depicted socio-economic groups arranged in circles. Perry's neighborhood unit promoted walkable communities. Today, multiple nuclei and sector theories recognize dispersed growth around transportation networks.
The document discusses the concepts and principles of neighborhood planning. It describes Clarence Perry's neighborhood unit model from the early 1900s which centered schools in neighborhoods and used arterial streets to define boundaries while prioritizing walkability. The purpose of neighborhood planning is to enable social interaction, share amenities, and ensure safety. Principles include limiting neighborhood size, using major roads as boundaries, internal street hierarchies, and dedicating 10% of land to open space. Southern Village in Chapel Hill, NC is provided as an example, being a 312-acre mixed-use development with housing, retail, offices, and civic spaces organized around a central green.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city concept as a solution to problems in late 19th century cities. He envisioned self-sufficient towns of around 30,000 people, surrounded by greenbelts, that combined the benefits of town and country living without their drawbacks. Letchworth Garden City, built in 1903, was the first to implement Howard's ideas of concentric design and separation of housing, industry and agriculture. The garden city movement aimed to reform urban planning and integrate people more with nature.
gandhinagar town planning literature studyTanmay Roy
Gandhinagar is the capital city of Gujarat, located 23 km north of Ahmedabad. It was planned in the 1960s after Ahmedabad became the capital of Gujarat following Partition. The city is built on land that was once part of the Pethapur state. It has a population of over 200,000 and a planned layout with sectors, roads aligned to avoid sun glare, and public buildings like the assembly hall near the center. Gandhinagar has good transportation links and is an administrative and economic hub of Gujarat.
The document discusses the proposed development of a new township along the Bangalore-Mysore corridor that will include 5 separate zones - a corporate township, commercial township, industrial township, heritage township, and eco-tourism township. It then focuses on planning the corporate township, which will be located near Bidadi on 9,800 acres of land. The proposed master plan for the corporate township includes zoning the 60,702 square meter site for residential, commercial, open space, and roads. Housing typologies include studio, LIG, MIG, and HIG units. Unit plans and a cluster model are presented.
The document provides guidelines for urban planning techniques and practices in India according to UDPFI (Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation) standards. It outlines the need for guidelines to promote orderly and efficient urban development. The urban planning system involves perspective plans, development plans, annual plans and project plans. Norms and standards are provided for land use distribution, infrastructure, commercial facilities, recreation, transportation, and population densities for different sizes of urban areas. Recommendations include increasing densities in metro areas and encouraging renewable energy and waste management techniques.
The policy of govt and public sector institutions is to support and develop housing programmes on the basis of availability of resources and on their perception of housing demand and affordability rather than on the basis of the requirements and affordability of prospective beneficiaries.
The National Housing policy of the government of India has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of the housing process and create the enabling environment in which the requisite inputs would flow into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
Urban planning theories have evolved over time in response to changes in populations, economies, and technologies. Early theories focused on orderly city layouts with separate zones. Hippodamus proposed dividing cities into public and private areas with grids. Howard's Garden Cities aimed to blend urban and rural advantages. Geddes emphasized relationships between people and environments. Later, modernist planners like Le Corbusier proposed high-density "Radiant Cities." Burgess' concentric zone model depicted socio-economic groups arranged in circles. Perry's neighborhood unit promoted walkable communities. Today, multiple nuclei and sector theories recognize dispersed growth around transportation networks.
- Magarpatta City was developed by 120 farmers in Pune who pooled their agricultural land to form an organized township development. This resulted in India's largest private real estate development worth Rs. 4000 crore.
- The farmers recognized the development potential of their land and sought to profit from urbanization rather than have their land taken over by the government. They developed a fully planned community with residential, commercial, and IT components following all legal procedures.
- The project benefited farmers greatly through land appreciation and profit-sharing. It provided housing and jobs while enhancing Pune's infrastructure and economy. The model organized farmers as entrepreneurs rather than laborers and could inspire future township developments.
Housing case study(KAFCO housing,Aranya lowcost housing, TARA housing)Sumaiya Islam
The document discusses the Aranya housing project in Indore, India designed by architect Balkrishna Doshi. The project aimed to provide affordable housing for 6,500 low-income families on a 86 hectare site. Doshi's master plan created 6 sectors with distributed open spaces, mixed land uses, and pedestrian and vehicular segregation. The plan oriented buildings for optimal climate response. Housing units started as core structures that residents could incrementally expand based on need. The design focused on community interaction through shared spaces while allowing privacy.
The document discusses the principles and concepts of neighborhood planning. It explains that neighborhood planning aims to create small residential units of 2,000-5,000 people to foster a sense of community. Key aspects of neighborhood planning include limiting the size to a walkable area, using boundary roads, incorporating green spaces, designing internal streets for safety, providing a mix of housing, locating shops and community centers in central areas, and including facilities like schools and parks within 1 km to encourage social life. The principles of neighborhood planning aim to balance residential development with community spaces and recreation to recreate the lost neighborhood relationships of modern cities.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
The document discusses a case study of an existing JnNURM EWS housing scheme in Jahangirpura, Surat to identify issues not considered. It aims to develop a design for the housing that is sensitive to identified issues and enables cost-effective construction through modular repetition. Key points discussed include:
- Migration trends leading to growth of slums in Surat and relocation efforts under JnNURM schemes.
- Standards and guidelines for EWS housing in Surat, including unit sizes, densities, and costs.
- Status of existing slum settlements and living conditions of slum residents in Surat.
- Outcomes expected from JnNURM schemes, including
Clarence Perry was an American urban planner who promoted the concept of the neighbourhood unit in the 1920s. He advocated for self-contained residential communities centered around a school, with arterial roads along the perimeter and a hierarchy of internal streets. Neighbourhood units were intended to be walkable, with amenities like parks, playgrounds, and shopping areas accessible within a quarter mile. The goal was to improve quality of life by fostering social interaction and providing safe spaces separated from traffic and industrial areas. Perry's model influenced planning in U.S. cities in the early 20th century.
This document discusses urban morphology and the determinants of urban form. It begins by defining key terms like form, urban form, and urban morphology. It then describes the two main types of urban form - organic and grid oriented. The main determinants that shape urban form are described as natural (e.g. topography, climate) and man-made (e.g. political, religious, economic). Specific examples of each determinant are provided with images to illustrate how the determinant influenced the urban form. The document also includes a glossary defining terms commonly used in urban design like urban block, public realm, grain, and density.
Navi Mumbai was created in 1970 to decongest Mumbai and promote balanced regional development. It was planned by CIDCO according to principles of decentralization, self-sufficient townships, and single use zoning. Navi Mumbai consists of several nodes planned for different income groups with residential neighborhoods, industrial zones, and conservation areas. While growth has been slow, it accelerated in the 1990s with the Nhava Sheva port. Today Navi Mumbai stands as a structured, planned city contrasting with Mumbai's organic development.
The document discusses several important planning concepts including:
1) Garden City Concept by Ebenezer Howard which proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living.
2) Geddesian Triad by Patrick Geddes which emphasized the organic relationship between social, physical, and economic environments in planning.
3) Neighborhood Unit concept by Clarence Perry which proposed planning residential areas with schools, parks, and shops at their core to create self-sufficient neighborhoods.
4) Radburn Concept by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright which pioneered the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in planned communities.
The Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) guidelines were updated in 2014 to accommodate changes in urban development since the original 1996 guidelines. The updated guidelines provide a framework for preparing spatial development plans at various levels from regional to local. It outlines approaches for sustainable planning, infrastructure planning, transportation planning, land use management, and other technical aspects of the planning process. The guidelines emphasize public participation, flexibility, and alignment of sectoral plans with overall master plans.
Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. It has a population of over 3 million people and is known as the "Pink City" due to its distinctive pink-colored buildings. Jaipur has a hot dry climate with average temperatures ranging from 45°C in the summer to 5°C in the winter. The city was planned according to principles of Hindu architecture and town planning. It has since grown significantly and faces issues with housing, transportation infrastructure, and waste management to support its increasing population.
This document discusses the work and urban planning concepts of architect Le Corbusier. It outlines his principle of planning, including the Ville Contemporaine and La Ville radieuse models which proposed centralized cities with strict zoning, abundant green space, and prioritization of vehicles. It also describes Le Corbusier's planning of Chandigarh, India and notes both praise for its architecture and landscaping, as well as criticism of his ideas for being monotonous and car-dependent with class-based housing separation.
Chandigarh city planning by Le CorbusierAs Per Design
Le Corbusier was commissioned to design the new capital city of Chandigarh after the previous designers withdrew from the project. He retained the basic fan-shaped layout but converted it to a grid pattern with sectors. His design compressed the area while increasing density and respecting garden city principles. Chandigarh's plan was conceived as analogous to the human body, with defined areas serving as the head, heart, lungs, and other organs connected by a road network. Key features included sectors, a central business district, cultural/educational institutions, and open green spaces.
This document provides an overview of cluster development as an alternative to conventional subdivision development. It discusses how cluster development groups residential properties closer together to utilize the rest of the land for open space. The purposes of cluster development include creating more open space, encouraging integrated site design, and protecting environmentally sensitive areas. Benefits include more preserved land, better stormwater management, and making more ecological and economic sense compared to conventional subdivisions. The document defines various cluster development terminology and discusses planning guidelines and articles related to cluster development.
Lewis Mumford was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic known for his studies of cities and urban architecture. In his influential book The City in History, Mumford explores the development of urban civilizations from their origins. He argues that the structure of modern cities is partially responsible for social problems in western society. Mumford advocates for urban planning that emphasizes an organic relationship between people and their living spaces.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
This document provides an overview of the city of Panaji, Goa, India. It discusses the city's location, climate, demographics, transportation infrastructure, and urban design challenges. Panaji has a tropical climate with high rainfall during the monsoon season. Its population is over 114,000, with a literacy rate of 71.6%. While the city has various modes of transportation, including an airport and ports, it struggles with traffic congestion and a lack of sufficient parking facilities. Preserving the city's cultural heritage and open spaces poses an ongoing challenge amid commercial development pressures.
Le Corbusier was a pioneering modern architect and urban planner who helped establish the principles of the modernist movement. He advocated for high-density urban planning with towers set within open green spaces. Some of his influential urban plans included the Ville Contemporaine from 1922, which proposed a concentric city with central skyscrapers surrounded by parks, and Plan Voisin from 1925, which reimagined part of Paris with cruciform towers. Le Corbusier believed high density could reduce travel distances if incorporated with efficient transportation systems and abundant public green spaces.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
Urban planning concept,principles and elementes TeshagerMengesha
This document summarizes key elements of urban planning, including:
1) Elements of urban planning such as communications, built-up areas, open areas, public utility services, and public amenities.
2) Principles of urban planning including green belts, housing, transportation, recreation, zoning, public buildings, and road systems.
3) Concepts of urban planning like the Garden City Concept which proposed self-contained settlements that balance urban and rural lifestyles.
- Magarpatta City was developed by 120 farmers in Pune who pooled their agricultural land to form an organized township development. This resulted in India's largest private real estate development worth Rs. 4000 crore.
- The farmers recognized the development potential of their land and sought to profit from urbanization rather than have their land taken over by the government. They developed a fully planned community with residential, commercial, and IT components following all legal procedures.
- The project benefited farmers greatly through land appreciation and profit-sharing. It provided housing and jobs while enhancing Pune's infrastructure and economy. The model organized farmers as entrepreneurs rather than laborers and could inspire future township developments.
Housing case study(KAFCO housing,Aranya lowcost housing, TARA housing)Sumaiya Islam
The document discusses the Aranya housing project in Indore, India designed by architect Balkrishna Doshi. The project aimed to provide affordable housing for 6,500 low-income families on a 86 hectare site. Doshi's master plan created 6 sectors with distributed open spaces, mixed land uses, and pedestrian and vehicular segregation. The plan oriented buildings for optimal climate response. Housing units started as core structures that residents could incrementally expand based on need. The design focused on community interaction through shared spaces while allowing privacy.
The document discusses the principles and concepts of neighborhood planning. It explains that neighborhood planning aims to create small residential units of 2,000-5,000 people to foster a sense of community. Key aspects of neighborhood planning include limiting the size to a walkable area, using boundary roads, incorporating green spaces, designing internal streets for safety, providing a mix of housing, locating shops and community centers in central areas, and including facilities like schools and parks within 1 km to encourage social life. The principles of neighborhood planning aim to balance residential development with community spaces and recreation to recreate the lost neighborhood relationships of modern cities.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
The document discusses a case study of an existing JnNURM EWS housing scheme in Jahangirpura, Surat to identify issues not considered. It aims to develop a design for the housing that is sensitive to identified issues and enables cost-effective construction through modular repetition. Key points discussed include:
- Migration trends leading to growth of slums in Surat and relocation efforts under JnNURM schemes.
- Standards and guidelines for EWS housing in Surat, including unit sizes, densities, and costs.
- Status of existing slum settlements and living conditions of slum residents in Surat.
- Outcomes expected from JnNURM schemes, including
Clarence Perry was an American urban planner who promoted the concept of the neighbourhood unit in the 1920s. He advocated for self-contained residential communities centered around a school, with arterial roads along the perimeter and a hierarchy of internal streets. Neighbourhood units were intended to be walkable, with amenities like parks, playgrounds, and shopping areas accessible within a quarter mile. The goal was to improve quality of life by fostering social interaction and providing safe spaces separated from traffic and industrial areas. Perry's model influenced planning in U.S. cities in the early 20th century.
This document discusses urban morphology and the determinants of urban form. It begins by defining key terms like form, urban form, and urban morphology. It then describes the two main types of urban form - organic and grid oriented. The main determinants that shape urban form are described as natural (e.g. topography, climate) and man-made (e.g. political, religious, economic). Specific examples of each determinant are provided with images to illustrate how the determinant influenced the urban form. The document also includes a glossary defining terms commonly used in urban design like urban block, public realm, grain, and density.
Navi Mumbai was created in 1970 to decongest Mumbai and promote balanced regional development. It was planned by CIDCO according to principles of decentralization, self-sufficient townships, and single use zoning. Navi Mumbai consists of several nodes planned for different income groups with residential neighborhoods, industrial zones, and conservation areas. While growth has been slow, it accelerated in the 1990s with the Nhava Sheva port. Today Navi Mumbai stands as a structured, planned city contrasting with Mumbai's organic development.
The document discusses several important planning concepts including:
1) Garden City Concept by Ebenezer Howard which proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living.
2) Geddesian Triad by Patrick Geddes which emphasized the organic relationship between social, physical, and economic environments in planning.
3) Neighborhood Unit concept by Clarence Perry which proposed planning residential areas with schools, parks, and shops at their core to create self-sufficient neighborhoods.
4) Radburn Concept by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright which pioneered the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in planned communities.
The Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) guidelines were updated in 2014 to accommodate changes in urban development since the original 1996 guidelines. The updated guidelines provide a framework for preparing spatial development plans at various levels from regional to local. It outlines approaches for sustainable planning, infrastructure planning, transportation planning, land use management, and other technical aspects of the planning process. The guidelines emphasize public participation, flexibility, and alignment of sectoral plans with overall master plans.
Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. It has a population of over 3 million people and is known as the "Pink City" due to its distinctive pink-colored buildings. Jaipur has a hot dry climate with average temperatures ranging from 45°C in the summer to 5°C in the winter. The city was planned according to principles of Hindu architecture and town planning. It has since grown significantly and faces issues with housing, transportation infrastructure, and waste management to support its increasing population.
This document discusses the work and urban planning concepts of architect Le Corbusier. It outlines his principle of planning, including the Ville Contemporaine and La Ville radieuse models which proposed centralized cities with strict zoning, abundant green space, and prioritization of vehicles. It also describes Le Corbusier's planning of Chandigarh, India and notes both praise for its architecture and landscaping, as well as criticism of his ideas for being monotonous and car-dependent with class-based housing separation.
Chandigarh city planning by Le CorbusierAs Per Design
Le Corbusier was commissioned to design the new capital city of Chandigarh after the previous designers withdrew from the project. He retained the basic fan-shaped layout but converted it to a grid pattern with sectors. His design compressed the area while increasing density and respecting garden city principles. Chandigarh's plan was conceived as analogous to the human body, with defined areas serving as the head, heart, lungs, and other organs connected by a road network. Key features included sectors, a central business district, cultural/educational institutions, and open green spaces.
This document provides an overview of cluster development as an alternative to conventional subdivision development. It discusses how cluster development groups residential properties closer together to utilize the rest of the land for open space. The purposes of cluster development include creating more open space, encouraging integrated site design, and protecting environmentally sensitive areas. Benefits include more preserved land, better stormwater management, and making more ecological and economic sense compared to conventional subdivisions. The document defines various cluster development terminology and discusses planning guidelines and articles related to cluster development.
Lewis Mumford was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic known for his studies of cities and urban architecture. In his influential book The City in History, Mumford explores the development of urban civilizations from their origins. He argues that the structure of modern cities is partially responsible for social problems in western society. Mumford advocates for urban planning that emphasizes an organic relationship between people and their living spaces.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
This document provides an overview of the city of Panaji, Goa, India. It discusses the city's location, climate, demographics, transportation infrastructure, and urban design challenges. Panaji has a tropical climate with high rainfall during the monsoon season. Its population is over 114,000, with a literacy rate of 71.6%. While the city has various modes of transportation, including an airport and ports, it struggles with traffic congestion and a lack of sufficient parking facilities. Preserving the city's cultural heritage and open spaces poses an ongoing challenge amid commercial development pressures.
Le Corbusier was a pioneering modern architect and urban planner who helped establish the principles of the modernist movement. He advocated for high-density urban planning with towers set within open green spaces. Some of his influential urban plans included the Ville Contemporaine from 1922, which proposed a concentric city with central skyscrapers surrounded by parks, and Plan Voisin from 1925, which reimagined part of Paris with cruciform towers. Le Corbusier believed high density could reduce travel distances if incorporated with efficient transportation systems and abundant public green spaces.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
Urban planning concept,principles and elementes TeshagerMengesha
This document summarizes key elements of urban planning, including:
1) Elements of urban planning such as communications, built-up areas, open areas, public utility services, and public amenities.
2) Principles of urban planning including green belts, housing, transportation, recreation, zoning, public buildings, and road systems.
3) Concepts of urban planning like the Garden City Concept which proposed self-contained settlements that balance urban and rural lifestyles.
Defreezing master plans to create better master plansJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries look at,critically and objectively, the present system of preparing master plans/ development plans in India and suggests strategies and methodology to make it more rational, focused and user friendly by changing its intent, contents, scope and methodoloy
-Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls - Copy.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Globally recognised as engines of physical, social , economic growth and development, cities have been valued to be the future of humanity and communities. Housing major proportion of population, generating large employment; making major contribution to the economy; and providing quality infrastructure besides supporting and innovating state of art technologies, cities remain relevant and important for defining the agenda for growth and development of any state and communities. However, despite having large number of positivities; cities are also known for its dualities, contradictions, positivities and negativities. If cities have been promoting prosperity, they have also been at the forefront of promoting poverty, pollution, unplanned, haphazard, sub-standard development, climate change and global warming. Looking holistically, problems related to climate change , global warming and rising carbon footprints, environment and bio-diversity, can be largely attributed to the manner in which cities are being planned , manage and governed and buildings are being designed, constructed and operated. In the process, cities, as manmade entities, are fast emerging as embodiment of unplanned , haphazard and sub-standard development.
Globally ,it has been recognised that majority of urban ills have genesis in the typologies of Development Controls , made applicable at the local level for regulating the sub-division of land, determining land uses ; planning of the cities and designing, construction and operation of the built environment. In order to promote planned development, cities have been trying to experiment, invent, revise, review and rationalise the Development Controls periodically.
Capital cities like Chandigarh have clearly demonstrated the role and relevance of Development Controls in ushering an era of state of art urban development and creating quality-built environment. Chandigarh has also showcased that if Development Controls are not reviewed and revised periodically, they can prove to counter- productive and become a perpetual liability for the city and its development.
Considering the role , relevance and importance of Development Controls in making urban development rational and sustainable, there is an urgent tp look critically, objectively and holistically, at the context, genesis, intent and contents of different Development Controls made applicable in the urban settings in general and Capital city of Chandigarh in particular.
Providing a rational, realistic, effective and efficient framework for making Development Controls, more transparent, objective, community focussed, effective , efficient, rational and productive will remain critical to promote planned development and make cities more sustainable and better place to live and work.
This document provides an overview of the life and work of Patrick Geddes, a Scottish sociologist and pioneer in the field of town planning. It discusses his key publications and concepts, including his Place-Work-Folk formula for analyzing communities and regions. It outlines his work establishing one of the first urban planning laboratories, as well as surveys he conducted of cities and towns in India, Palestine, and Scotland. The summary highlights Geddes' holistic and interdisciplinary approach to town planning that considered environmental, social, and economic factors.
This document provides an overview of the course "Strategic Urban Environment Planning and Management". The course aims to expose students to current urban strategic planning practices to manage complex urban problems and identify corrective measures to minimize adverse effects of rapid urbanization. It covers topics like urban environmental planning, integrated waste management, and strategic environmental management. The document further discusses concepts of urban environment, the three dimensions of natural, built and socio-economic environments. It also outlines the definition, advantages and aspects of urban planning as well as stages of strategic planning.
This document provides an overview of the course "Strategic Urban Environment Planning and Management". The course aims to expose students to current urban strategic planning practices to manage complex urban problems and identify corrective measures to problems caused by rapid urbanization. It covers issues like urban environmental planning, integrated waste management, and strategic environmental management. The course presents state-of-the-art planning strategies to systematically address urban environmental issues. It also deals with computer-aided land information systems and policies to address access to land by the poor. Case studies on topics like urban waste minimization are also included.
Definition of Zoning,Land use planning,Urban planning,Urban and regional planning,Regional planning,Zones,Zone planning,Land use planning in india,objectives of land use planning,objectives of zone planning
The City Resilience Framework is a unique framework developed by Arup with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, based on extensive research in cities. It provides a lens to understand the complexity of cities and the drivers that contribute to their resilience. Looking at these drivers can help cities to assess the extent of their resilience, to identify critical areas of weakness, and to identify actions and programs to improve the city’s resilience.
1. INTRODUCTION TO SUBJECT ITP
2. DEFINITION OF INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING ITP
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING
a. ELOBRATIONS
4. TERMS USED IN PLANNING AND THEIR DEFINITION
5. RELATIONSHIP OF CRP WITH OTHER FIELDS
a. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECHTURE
b. RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING
c. RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
d. RELATIONSHIP WITH SURVYING
e. RELATIONSHIP WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECHTURE
f. RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOLOGY
g. RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMICS
6. IMPORTANCE OF URBAN PLANNING
7. FUNCTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNER
8. NEW TRENDS IN PLANNING
9. GEOGRPHICAL TOPOGRAPHICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO PLANNING
10. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING
11. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
12. LEVELS AND ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
13. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR PATRICK GEDDES
14. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR EBNEZIR HOWARD
15. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LE COUBISER
16. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF FRANK LOYD WRIGHT
17. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LEWIS MUMFORD
18. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF C.A DOXIADIS
Good Governance Challenge for the Local Authorities Summary of the UN HabitatDr Lendy Spires
Governance is defined as the exercise of authority over a country's affairs at all levels, including mechanisms for citizens to articulate interests and mediate differences. Good urban governance is characterized by principles of sustainability, subsidiarity, equity, efficiency, transparency, accountability, civic engagement, and security. These principles include long-term strategic visions, equitable access to decision making and basic services, efficient public service delivery, and transparent/accountable local authorities.
Task 9 Kajang Local Plan For Sustainable Development (a133921)izham27
This document presents a proposed local plan for sustainable development in Kajang, Malaysia. It aims to produce a self-reliant town with a higher quality of living. The plan addresses objectives of maintaining economic growth, promoting social progress, protecting the environment, and using natural resources prudently. It proposes developing vibrant mixed-use centres and corridors connected by improved public transportation including bus rapid transit, an expanded subway system, and trams. It also recommends strategies like car sharing to minimize environmental impacts from increased travel demands. The plan emphasizes integrating land use and transportation planning, as well as prioritizing pedestrians, cyclists, public transit, and sustainable private transport options.
Town planning - A Tool to Promote Holistic Development of Human settlementsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Town planning aims to promote planned development of human settlements through various tools and processes. It involves studying existing settlements, demographics, land use, infrastructure, and environment to identify issues and opportunities. Town planners then prepare proposed plans and policies to guide future growth, land use, housing, transportation, amenities, economy, heritage preservation, and phasing of development. The goal is to make settlements more livable, productive, and sustainable while ensuring public welfare through inclusive and sustainable planning.
Town planning - A Tool to Promote Holistic Development of Human settlementsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Writing is an attempt to briefly describe the context, role and importance of town planning in shaping the human settlements and make them more livable, sustainable and making value addition to human living and working.
The document is a report evaluating how to plan a hometown in accordance with Local Agenda 21. It identifies six key elements of Local Agenda 21 and evaluates each element for the hometown. Suggestions are provided to improve the elements, such as updating administration systems, promoting non-vehicle transportation, encouraging public participation, and strengthening partnerships between organizations. The overall goal is to plan sustainable urban development that meets current needs without compromising future generations.
Redefining master plans to promote smart and sustainable cities JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Master plans/ Development Plans, used as the most potent weapon by the town planner, to promote planned and orderly development has done more damage than good to the cities. Consuming large span of time, involving lot of manpower and requiring considerable resources, master plans has made planners chase the development instead of leading the development. Rigidity of master plans, based on defining the use of every piece of land, has made the master plans irrelevant, irrational and illogical in the face fast changing urban dynamics. Master plans, prepared for a period spanning over two decades, try to freeze the city. As planners, when we do not know our own future, what competency, capacity, expertise and capability we have to define the future of the cities. In the process, majority of cities have been suffering from illegal, sub-standard, haphazard and unplanned growth. Master plans have accordingly, emerged as the major road block in promoting planned urban development and making cities sustainable . For promoting planned development and making city growth both rational and dynamic, focus of planning should be on redefining and putting in place a new order of urban planning, development options and management strategies besides suggesting new format of Master Plans to make cities smart, more humane, equitable, just, efficient, productive, sustainable and providers of assured quality of life to all existing and future urban residents including poorest of the poor.
Promoting Urban Environment Through Eco- CitiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to define the role and importance of environmentally sustainable cities to promote urban environment , minimises carbon footprints and reduce global warmng
Redefining master plans for smart and sustainable citiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Master plans have traditionally focused on rigid land use planning, but this has made cities inflexible and unable to adapt to dynamic urban growth. It has also promoted unequal and unsustainable development. There is a need to redefine master plans to make cities more smart, sustainable, and equitable. New master plans should be flexible, community-oriented, and focus on transit-oriented compact development, energy efficiency, and inclusiveness. They should involve a variety of experts and stakeholders and use new technologies to guide sustainable urban form and development over time rather than rigidly defining land uses. The goal is to minimize urban problems and make cities higher quality places for all residents.
Redefining master plans for smart and sustainable citiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to relook at the master plan in its prevalent form , content and procedure and tries to redefine the agenda for making it a positive tool for leveraging the sustainable development of urban settlements
Policies and Planning for Making Cities Net Zero Carbon - Copy.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Operational and development complexities of cities call for new state of art agenda to be defined for planning, development and management of cities in this era of globalisation and liberlisation of economies. Looking at the enormous population growth and large count of people marching and opting for cities, growth and development of urban areas is emerging as the major issue. Cities known for positivity and negativity can be major source of disasters- both physical, social and environmental. Cities will and are likely to pose major threat to global sustainability. For making planet earth more sustainable and livable ,planning , development and governance of the cities have to be redefined both by professionals, communities, people and parastatal agencies. Planning for sustainable cities must include and involve poor and meeting the basic human needs of living of the poorest of the poor. City planning, development, governance and mobility needs new definition.
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Discovering the Best Indian Architects A Spotlight on Design Forum Internatio...Designforuminternational
India’s architectural landscape is a vibrant tapestry that weaves together the country's rich cultural heritage and its modern aspirations. From majestic historical structures to cutting-edge contemporary designs, the work of Indian architects is celebrated worldwide. Among the many firms shaping this dynamic field, Design Forum International stands out as a leader in innovative and sustainable architecture. This blog explores some of the best Indian architects, highlighting their contributions and showcasing the most famous architects in India.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4Kyungeun Sung
Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
1. Norms and Standards
Norms and standards are integral part of the planning process. No physical planning of
any area, place, community and city can be made rational, unless supported and based
on the rational, realistic, effective and efficient system of well-defined and well-articulated
norms and standards, related to various amenities and facilities to be provided. These
norms and standards try to bring objectivity by avoiding subjectivity driven by whims and
fancies of planners and other stakeholders. They are also known to promote optimum
utilization, cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the available resources by avoiding over
and under-provision of basic essentials for any project. They remain demand driven,
catering to basic human needs of the residents. These norms and standards remain
valuable for serving the public interest and making sure that development remains
relevant to the purpose of making human settlements, sustainable, equitable, inclusive
and people centric. These standards are used while carrying out the planning, sub-
division of land and preparing layout of any area or defining the future fabric of the city.
They are in the form of codes or regulations put in place by statutory authorities, pertaining
to defining space requirement, population served, usages permitted, facilities to be
provided etc. They generally remain population, area and location specific. They form
integral part of the legal system/framework, regulating and guiding the development of
the area so that communities residing in the area remain self-contained and self-sufficient
in the basic day-to day human needs. They are defined following a hierarchy of facilities
to be provided in the city and remain relevant to the levels; they are supposed to serve.
Providing access to basic services and promoting social well-being, remains the primary
and essential duty of every physical planner, engaged in undertaking the planning of any
area. No social well-being can be ensured and achieved without making adequate
provision of supportive facilities, amenities and infrastructure in the human settlements.
Norms and Standards, defining the essentials for human living in that physical space,
remain relevant for improved performance and quality of life in the area besides providing
measurement for the provision of social services and public facilities. They also serve as
a guide to planners, promoters and developers by defining amenities and services to be
provided and included besides serving as a ready-reckoner for the authorities for
evaluating any planning proposal, with regard to adequacy of amenities and services in
the area proposed for development, before granting statutory approvals.
2. According to, ‘International Standards Organization’, norms and standards are
documents that provide requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that
can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are
fit for their purpose. Norms and Standards allow technology to work seamlessly and
establish trust so that process of planning is able to promote state of art development of
any area. Standards ensure consistency of essential services, such as quality, ecology,
safety, economy, reliability, compatibility, interoperability, efficiency and
effectiveness. Standards codify the latest technologies and remain invaluable source of
essentials for the physical planning process. Norms and standards never remain static.
They are always evolving and devolving in order to remain relevant to the prevalent
culture, changing needs of the community, technological innovations, socio-economic
and cultural development of the area and community. They remain relevant and
connected to the size of the city, number of people to be served, services to be provided,
prevailing densities, permissibility with regard to build-space, floor area ratio, height,
existing physical terrain, physical limitations, available land and legal framework guiding,
regulating and defining the social, physical, economic fabric and structure of
development. Norms and Standards and their developmental framework, invariably
impact and guide, almost all areas of human living and physical planning.
"Norms" have also been defined, in the parlance of planning, as the socially or
institutionally set of values which shape and govern the behavioral pattern of human living
including physical and social relations in a given space, "Standards" have been defined
as level and quality of infrastructure services that would be required to make the built
environment livable, sustainable, functional and desirable.
Physical planning of cities, towns including their different uses/components, as a
process, has been integral part of human history. In large majority of cases, these plans
have never been on the same wave-length and platform, because norms and standards
defining the land-uses and providing basic
infrastructure and services were conspicuous by their absence. Accordingly, many such
plans failed on the altar of providing adequate and supportive infrastructures and services
to the communities, for which they were planned. Communities and cities accordingly,
suffered enormously due to inadequate availability of essential and basic services.
Planning and development intervention failed in the process to provide an appropriate
level of quality of life and also failed to quantify, provide and meet the long-term demand
/needs of the essential services for the cities. Accordingly, formulation, defining and
detailing of the Planning Norms and Standards became necessary and assumed
importance, to manage effectively the urban environment, improve the economic
efficiency and the quality of life of urban area.
3. The main objective of this planning norms and standards remain centric to;
Facilitating urban designers, planners and policy makers to identify and forecast
essential infrastructure needs of an urban area; as well as help prepare rational
and realistic urban plans and programs.
Enriching understanding of urban form and land use and create synergy and
balance between them.
Guiding the development and management of physical, social and economic
infrastructure services in a planned manners.
Working as a tool for standardizing the planning of urban development projects.
Defining, qualitatively and quantitively, norms and standards for land use,
physical, economic, social, environmental infrastructures.
Ensuring conformity of planning with specified standards of development
Acting like a control mechanism to make physical development process
compliant with the needs of population of the area.
Making planning people and community centric.
Ensure safety, security, health, comfort, quality of life to the community served
and quality of environment.
Ensuring adequate provision of the physical, social and economic
infrastructure and services on the prescribed and specified norms.
Ensuring equity-based access to even the poorest of the poor of the citizens
to the basic and essential services and amenities.
Defining norms and standards for basic services & amenities;
As already stated, housing does not imply and remains confined to four walls enclosing
the social space for a family, but has much wider connotations for human living, growth
and development. Accordingly housing needs to be supported with all physical, social
and economic amenities and services so that all four basic human needs of living,
working, culture of body & mind, and circulation are appropriately met with and provided
as integral part of housing. Such services include; water supply, sewerage, roads,
sanitation, drainage, electricity, healthcare, education, leisure, open spaces, parks, play
grounds, shopping, security, fire services etc. Since they are to be provided as integral
part of the planning process, accordingly, it will be logical and rational, that they are
appropriately defined and detailed. These amenities are generally defined in two distinct
terms for housing.
Firstly, these norms are defined in terms of housing as a structure, which aims at make
house a home and a healthy and happy place to live besides making it secure and safe.
This will include, site, location, materials used in construction, technology used in
construction, provision of services, air, light, ventilation, promoting structural safety,
availability of adequate living space, minimum standards of rooms for human habitations,
4. public health services, circulation, both mechanical & human driven, fire/earthquake
safety, water supply/efficiency, sewerage, drainage, landscaping, rain water harvesting,
solar energy, set-backs, height, coverage etc.
Secondly, in the larger context, house is seen as integral part of community,
neighborhood and the urban habitat, where it is located. Accordingly, house will have to
be supported by amenities which remain relevant and essential for human living and
development. These amenities are treated as social amenities/infrastructures and are
defined in terms of norms and standards for healthcare, hospitals, dispensaries,
education both at school and higher level of technical education; entertainment, leisure,
shopping, parks, open spaces , play grounds, fire station, police stations, disaster centres
etc. Few of these have been defined below. However, these norms and standards are
defined basically on the following broad parameters considering the level / of city where
they are provided. These norms are defined to minimize the use of land; optimize the use
of available land; promoting cost-effectiveness; promoting equitable spatial distribution;
promoting equity; ensuring universal accessibility; considering basic human needs;
prevailing culture; socio-economic status; existing physical terrain; physiography etc.
These norms and standards are specified based on following considerations;
Population Threshold (both minimum and maximum); population proposed to be
served.
Capacity – number of users which can be accommodated
Density defined in the Development Plan
Extent of Area proposed to be served
Hierarchy of the infrastructure- city/sub-city/district/NH/housing cluster
Distance required to achieve the minimum population to be served
Services to be rendered and amenities to be provided
Number of beds required- healthcare
Covered/ built area and open space requirement
Parking space required
Accessibility
Location of the facility
Age of the beneficiaries to be catered
Area of the Site
Development controls; permitted height, floor area ratio, height etc.
However, there exists no uniformity in norms and standards, specified and they continue
to differ from state to state and even city to city, in intent, content and scope. However,
National Building Code; and Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulations and
Implementation guidelines (URDPFI), framed by the Ministry of Urban Development,
Government of India, has made an attempt to bring uniformity in the planning related
5. norms and standards in the country, but the objective of uniformity remains elusive. Most
of the planning norms and standards detailed out in the URDPFI guidelines have their
genesis and basis in the norms and standards specified in the Delhi Master Plans and
remain Delhi centric. To what extent these are based on research, study and analysis,
remains a moot question. However, Delhi, being the National Capital, has a different
context. Delhi cannot be taken as a role model of planning norms and standards and they
should not be blindly copied and pasted. Planning norms need to be defined by each
state, logically and rationally, considering their culture, pattern of development and needs
of the community. Planning norms will be different for hill states of India and cities having
hilly terrain. Planning norms should also be defined for the rural settlements, making
provision of the essential services on the prescribed norms so as promote quality of life
in these settlements and allowing states to assess the livability in the rural settlements by
quantifying the infrastructural gaps in these settlements.
Planning norms and standards, defining the infrastructures, amenities and services
required, as a part of planning process, remain valuable, essential and critical and they
need to be quantified both in terms of quantity and quality, to rationalize the planning
process and make it effective, efficient and community centric. Since all amenities and
services are essentially consumers of land, accordingly they need to be made land
efficient. Since India already suffers from low per capita availability of land ( 2.4% global
land holding 17.7% of global population); accordingly it will be both relevant and rational,
to optimize the available urban land, treating land as the most valuable resource and a
gift of nature to mankind and not treating it as a commercial commodity for sale and
speculation.
Further, since creation of urban amenities consume lot of financial and other resources,
accordingly, it will be logical and essential to make provision of amenities /infrastructure,
both cost-effective and efficient. Cost-effectiveness can be easily achieved, if the
available facilities are put to multiple use. Like running schools/educational institutions in
double shifts instead of single shift, which can help in minimizing the number of such
facilities by half; lowering the cost of amenities and lowering the cost of imparting
education, to make it affordable and cost-effective for majority of Indians. School grounds
can be used by the community, as play spaces in the evening, can eliminate the need of
providing separate playgrounds at the local level. This would involve undertaking detailed
study and analysis of exiting framework and rationalizing it to make them more productive
and community focused, requiring least cost. Planning schools and professional institutes
and state Departments of Town Planning /Urban Development working jointly can take
up this challenge and help redefine the planning norms and standards for making them
more rational, realistic, effective and productive.
6. Norms and Standards of Housing
( Source; URDPFI Guidelines 2014-- M inistry of Urban Development)
A. Educational Facilities Pre‐Primary to Secondary Education
1. Pre- Primary/Nursery School
one school for a population of 2500
area -- 0.08 hectare;
to be located near a park.
2. Primary School (class I to V)
one school for a population of 5,000
Capacity- 500
area - 0.40 hectare;
Building area-0.20 hectare
Play field area -0.20 hectare
minimum size of 18 x 36 m to ensure effective play
3. Senior Secondary School (VI to XII)
Capacity----1,000
one school for a population of 7,500
area -- 1.8 hectare;
Building area- 0.60 hectare
Play field area – 1.00 hectare
Parking Area -- 0.2 hectare
4. Integrated School-- without Hostel Facility (I to XII)
Capacity----1,500
One school for a population of 90,000- 1,00,000 persons
Area -- 3.50 hectare;
Building area- 0.70 hectare
Play field area – 2.50 hectare
Parking Area - 0.3 hectare
To be located near the sports facility
5 Integrated School-- with Hostel Facility (I to XII)
Capacity----1,500
One school for a population of 90,000- 1,00,000 persons
Area -- 3.90 hectare;
Building area- 0.70 hectare
Play field area – 2.50 hectare
Hostel area -- 0.40 hectare
Parking Area - 0.3 hectare
To be located near the sports facility
7. 6. School for Physically Challenged
Capacity---- 400
One school for a population of 45,000 persons
Area -- 0.70 hectare;
Building area- 0.20 hectare
Play field area – 0.30 hectare
Parking Area - 0.20 hectare
To be located near Park; non-noise polluting zone
All schools should face service roads and roads with less traffic
intensity
7 Technical Centre and Coaching Centre
Area -- 0.3 hectare;
--------------------------------------------------
B. Professional Education
1. Engineering College
Capacity----1,500
One College for a population of 10,00,000 persons
Area -- 6 hectare;
2. Medical College
One College for a population of 10,00,000 persons
Area -- 15 hectare;
Area of site to include space for a General Hospital
3. Other Professional Colleges
Capacity----250 to 1,500
One College for a population of 10,00,000 persons
Area of site -- 2.0 Hectare--for a student strength of 250
Additional Area @ 0.50 Hectare- for every additional student strength
of 100 or part there of upto a strength of 1000
Area of Site - 6.00 hectare for student strength of 1000-1500.
4. Nursing and Paramedical Institutes
One College for a population of 10,00,000 persons
Area of site -- 2000 Sqm ( Subject to the norms prescribed by
Nursing Council of India/ Ministry of Health)
5 Veterinary Institute;
Area per norms as prescribed by Veterinary Council of India-
Subject to availability of land.
------------------------------------
8. C Healthcare Facilities
1. Dispensary
Number of beds --Nil
Population served—15,000
Area -- 0.08-0.12 hectare
2. Nursing Home, Child Welfare and Maternity Centre
Number of beds --25- 30
Population serv —45,000 to 1 lakh
Area -- 0.20-0.30 hectare
3. Polyclinic
Number of beds -- Some observation beds
Population served— 1 lakh
Area -- 0.20-0.30 hectare
4. Intermediate Hospital- category B
Number of beds -- 80 beds; Initially 50 beds may be provided
including 20 maternity beds
Population served— 1 lakh
Area -- 1.00 hectare
Hospital – 0.60 Ha & Residential Accommodation- 0.40 Ha
5 Intermediate Hospital- category A
Number of beds -- 200 beds; Initially 100 beds may be provided
Population served— 1 lakh
Area ---- 3.7 hectare
Hospital – 2.70Ha & Residential Accommodation- 1.00 Hectare
6 Multi- Specialty Hospital
Number of beds --200 beds; Initially 100 beds may be provided
Population served— 1 lakh
Area --9.00 hectare
Hospital – 6.00Ha & Residential Accommodation- 3.00 Ha
7 Specialty Hospital(NBC)
Number of beds -- 200 beds; Initially 100 beds may be provided
Population served— 1.0 lakh
Area -- 3.7 hectare
Hospital – 2.70Ha & Residential Accommodation- 1.00 Ha
8 General Hospital(NBC)
Number of beds -- 500 beds; Initially 300 beds may be provided
Population served— 2.5 lakh
Area -- 6.00 hectare
Hospital -4.00 Ha & Residential Accommodation- 2.00 Ha
9. 9 Family Welfare Centre
Number of beds -- As per Requirement
Population served— 50,000
Area --- 500-800 Sqm --
10 Diagnostic Centre
Number of beds - Nil
Population served— 50,000
Area -- 500-800 Sqm
11 Veterinary Hospital for Pets and Animals
Number of beds -- Nil
Population served— 5 lakh
Area -- 2000 Sqm
12 Dispensary for pet Animals and Birds
Number of beds -- Nil
Population served— 1lakh
Area -- 300 Sqm
13 Rehabilitation Centre
Number of beds -- Nil
Population served— Not Specified
Area -- As per Requirement
D. Hierarchy of Organized Greens;
1.Housing Cluster
Population served/unit -- 5,000
Area Requirement -- 0.50 hectare
Number of Green spaces—3-4 local parks & playgrounds
2. Neighbourhood
Population served/unit -- 15,000
Area Requirement -- 1.00 hectare
Number of Green spaces—3-4 local parks & playgrounds.
3 Community Centre
Population served/unit -- 1 lakh
Area Requirement -- 5.00 hectare
Number of Green spaces—2-3 community level parks & open spaces
4 District/Zone
Population served/unit -- 5 lakh
Area Requirement -- 25.00 hectare
Number of Green spaces— One district level park; & Sports Centre ; Maidan
10. 5 Sub- City Centre
Population served/unit -- 10 lakh
Area Requirement -- 100.00 hectare
Number of Green spaces— One city level park; Sports Complex,
botanical/zoological garden ;Maidan.
Notes;
Open Spces should be spatially distributed over the entire area and put to
multiple use
Open spaces must be provided, for recreational purposes, in any sub-
division/planning of any area exceeding 0.3 Ha or more, located in the
residential/commercial zones --
- Minimum area of recreational space should not be less than 450 sqm
- Minimum average dimension of the recreatishall not be less than 7.5 m
- -- length of open space shall not exceed 2.5 times the average width.
Each recreational area/structure on it shall have an
independent means of access.
Building line to be at least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space.
Zoological garden to be as per Central Zoo Authority provisions
Green areas and other associated / non-commercial economic
activities should be preferably proposed on Government reserve land .
In case the open/green spaces, which do not generate income, are propos
ed on privately owned land, then local authority preparing the plan, sh
all part with a fair compensation as per, ‘The Right to Fair Compensation and
Transparency in LARR Act, 2013’ to the land owner.
E Sports Facilities
1. Residential unit play area
Population served per unit- 5,000
Land area required - 5,000sqm
2. Neighbourhood play area
Population served per unit- 15,000
Land area required - 1.5 ha
3. District Sports Centre
Population served per unit- 1 lakh
Land area required - 8.00 ha
4. Divisional Sports Centre
Population served per unit- 10 lakh
Land area required - 20.00 ha
-----------------------------------------------
11. F. Safety Management- Norms for safety facilities
1. Sub Fire Station / Fire Post
Distribution of Population--- Within 3-4 km radius
Area Requirement ---0.6Ha (with essential residential Accommodation)
2. Fire Station
Population --- 2 lakh or within 5-7 km radius
Area Requirement ---1.0 Ha; with essential residential Accommodation)
3. Disaster Management Centre
Population --- one in each administrative zone.
Area Requirement ---1.0 Ha; along with suitable open area or
---2.0 Ha; if soft parking, temporary shelter, parade ground
etc., included.
4. Fire Training Institute /College
Population --- City level- one site in urban extension
Area Requirement ---3.0 Ha
--------------------------------------
G Norms for Police, Civil Defence and Home Guards
1. Police Post
Population --- 40,000- 50,000(area not served by PS)
Area Requirement ---0.16 Ha inclusive of essential residential
Accommodation)
2. Police Station
Population --- 90,000
Area Requirement
---1.5Ha; (Area inclusive of essential residential Accommodation)
---0.05 Ha, additional area provided for civil defence and home guards
3. Traffic and Police Control Room
Population --- as per requirement
4. District office and Battalion
Population --- 10 lakh
Area Requirement --4.8Ha;( District Office=0.80Ha; Battalion=4.00 Ha)
5. Police Line
Population --- 20 lakh
Area Requirement -- 4.00 – 600 Ha
6 District Jail
Population --- 10 lakh
Area Requirement ---10.0 Ha;
7. Civil Defence and Home Guards
Population --- 10 lakh
Area --2.00 Ha
8. Police Training Institute/ College
12. Population --- City level- to be located in fringe area
Area -- 5.00 Ha
9. Police Firing Range
Population --- City level- to be located in fringe
area -- up to 10.00 Ha
10. Police Camp including Central Police Org/Security Forces( CSF)
Area -- up to 10.00 Ha
11. Police Booth
Population --- City level- at Major Road intersections
area -- 10-12 sqm( to be provided by transport planners)
--------------------------------------
H Hierarchy of Commercial Spaces
1. Housing Cluster
Commercial space—Convenient Shopping
Population - 5,000
Area - 1500 sqm
Number of shops—1 for 110 persons
2. Neighbourhood
Population served/unit -- 15,000
Commercial space— Local Shopping including Service Centre
Area Requirement -- 4600 sqm
Number of shops— 1 for 200 persons
3 Community
Commercial space—Community Centre
Population served/unit -- 1 lakh
Area Requirement -- 5.00 hectare
Number of shops— 1 for 200 persons
4 District/Zone
Commercial space—District Centre
Population served/unit -- 5 lakh
Area Requirement -- 40.00 hectare
Number of shops— 1 for 300 persons
5 Sub- City
Commercial space— Sub-city Centre
Population served/unit -- 25-50 lakh
Area Requirement -- As Per Requirement
6 City
Population served/unit -- 50 + lakh
Commercial space — City Centre
Area Requirement -- As Per Requirement
13. 7 Local Wholesale Market /Mandi
Population served/unit -- 10 lakh
Area Requirement -- 10 hectare
8 Weekly Market
Population served -- 1-2 locations for 1-2 lakh population
Area Requirement -- 0.40 hectare per location
9 Organised Informal Eating Spaces
Population served -- 1 lakh
Area Requirement -- 2000sqm
-----------------------------------------------------------
I Norms for Informal Units for Urban Street Vendors
1 Retail
Number of Informal Units- 3-4units /10 formal shops specified in norms
2 Government and Commercial offices
Number of Informal Units- 5-6 units /1000 employees
3 Wholesale Trade & Freight Complexes
Number of Informal Units- 3-4 units /10 formal shops
4 Hospitals
Number of Informal Units- 3-4units /100 Beds
5 Bus Terminals
Number of Informal Units- 1 unit /2 Bus bays
6 Primary School
Number of Informal Units- 3-4 units
7 Senior secondary/integrated school
Number of Informal Units- 5-6 units
8 Regional/district Parks
Number of Informal Units- 8-10 units/ major entry
9 Neighbourhood Parks
Number of Informal Units- 2-3 units
10 Residential
Number of Informal Units- One units/ 1000 population
11 Industrial
Number of Informal Units- 5-6 units/ 1000 employees
12 Railway Terminals
Number of Informal Units- to be based on survey conducted at the time of
preparation of the project -----------------------------
J Cremation /Burial Grounds/Dhobi Ghat
1. Electrical Crematorium
Population served -- One for Town
Area Requirement -- 2.00 Hectare
14. 2. Cremation Ground
Population served -- 5 lakh
Area Requirement -- 2.50 Hectare
3. Burial Ground
Population served -- 5 lakh
Area Requirement -- 4.00 Hectare
4. Dhobi Ghat – with arrangement for water supply/drainage
Population served -- 1 lakh
Area Requirement -- 5,000 sqm
Note; For details of the other Social Infrastructure; please refer to para 8.4 of the
URDPFI Guidelines
Haryana Town Planning Norms- Parameters for Grant of Licence:
(Source; website Haryana Department of Town and country Planning;
https://www.tcpharyana.gov.in/FunctionAndPolicy.html)
State of Haryana, remains a pioneer, front runner and ranks high among states in the
country in the domain of; involving private sector on large scale in the urban development
process; making experimentation, innovations in the art and science of the town
planning; giving recognition to the profession of town planning and generating large
amount of revenue for the state besides promoting orderly and planned growth of urban
and rural settlements.
Haryana model remains unique, distinct and most innovative model of town planning in
the country. Model works on the premise that no two settlements are same and each
settlement has its specific potential of growth and development. Considering the potential
of different settlements/areas , Haryana Town and Country Planning Department has
divided the state into three distinct zones. Division of the state into three zones is used
for the purposes of physical planning; licencing of colonies ; defining area norms, fees
and charges to be levied for different purposes while licensing colonies. Three distinct
zones into which state of Haryana has been divided include -Hyper/ High Potential
Zone; Medium Potential Zone and Low Potential Zone. The parameters prescribed
for licensing of each category of colony are detailed below:-
1.Residential Plotted Colony:-
Minimum area of residential colony shall be;
--Hyper/ High Potential Zone- 100 Acres
-- Medium Potential Zone -50 Acres
Low Potential Zone -25 Acres
15. Plotable area/saleable--not to exceed 55% of the total area of colony ;
inclusive of 4% commercial area
45% area-- utilized for roads, community buildings, utility buildings and open
spaces.
Sites for community building provided based on prescribe norms
Norms population based; worked out on densities defined in the
Development Plan
Minimum width of road -- 12 mtrs.
20% plots reserved for EWS housing ;minimum plot size-- 50 sqm .
25% of total plots under category of ‘No Profits No Loss’ plots
( NPNL) i.e. at rate prescribed by Director - size of plots ranging between 125
to 225 sqm.
Population in colony not to exceed densities defined in Development Plan.
2. Group Housing Colony:-
Minimum area of Group Housing colony shall be;
--Hyper/ High Potential Zone- 10 Acres
-- Medium Potential Zone -5 Acres
Low Potential Zone -5 Acres
Group Housing governed by approved zoning regulations
Ground coverage not to exceed 35% of site area
Floor area ratio (FAR) fixed at 175
Maximum habitable height is 60 mtrs .
Area under group housing not to exceed 20% of sector area.
Community facilities provided on prescribed norms based on population worked
out on density defined in development plan, ranging from 100 to 400 persons per
acre
Convenient shopping to occupy 0.5% of the site area with single storey shops
and maximum height of 4 mtrs
15% of total number of flats are reserved for EWS
10% of the main dwelling units required for service apartments /for domestic
help.
minimum two-level basement for parking and services
Compulsory provision of one car space for every flat of housing complexe
(except EWS)
Area for EWS and service apartment to be 200 sq.ft. and 140 sq.ft. respectively.
Mandatory to provide 15% organized green space in the group housing complex.
3.Commercial:-
Private sector permitted development of maximum 50% of designated commercial
areas in the development plans. Parameters for licence in residential colonies are
as below:-
Minimum area of commercial colony shall be;
--Hyper/ High Potential Zone- 8,000- 16000sqm
-- Medium Potential Zone -8,000-16,000 sqm
16. -- Low Potential Zone -4,000- 8,000 sqm
The commercial colonies licenced for sites falling along the peripheral/sector road
in residential sector of the Development Plan.
Area under licenced colony in a residential sector not to exceed 3.5% of the sector
area, subject to minimum and maximum prescribed area limits.
c) Site to be along a sector peripheral road within provision of service road.
Maximum ground coverage allowed is 40%
Floor area ratio is 150 or 175 as opted by a colonizer.
Maximum Heigh habitable area lilmited to 60 mtrs
Three level basement permitted for providing parking and services .
No storage allowed in the basement.
Parking norms -- one car space for every 75 sq. mtrs covered area.
4. Cyber City/Cyber Park:-
Minimum area of Cyber city colony shall be;
--Hyper/ High Potential Zone- 50/5-15 Acres
-- Medium Potential Zone 50/5-15 Acres
Low Potential Zone -50/ 5-15 Acres
Location --Site located on the sector peripheral road in residential or industrial
sector in the Development Plan.
In case of residential sectors, the permissible area for IT Park/ Cyber Park not to
exceed 5% of the sector area.
The permissible ground coverage is 40%
FAR permitted -- 250.
For cyber cities-- 10% of the area of the site can be utilized for Group Housing
and 4% of the area for commercial use.
In Cyber Parks only 4% of the area can be utilized towards commercial uses. No
group housing is permissible.
Parking requirement-- one car space for every 40 sq. mtrs of covered area.
Three level basement permissible for parking and service.
No storage is to be allowed in basement
In the area designated for IT activities, no other use is permissible. In case of
violation-- the colonizer will be required to pay the fee and charges on commercial
rates for the area where violation are being committed.
In case of Cyber City, the colonizer is required to complete at least 30% of the IT
area within 5 years of the grant of licence and in case of Cyber Park within three
years of grant of licence.
5 Fees and Charges:-
Fees and charges to be paid by colonisers along with its application for grant of licence
will include;
Scrutiny fees @ Rs. 10/- per sq. mtrs for the gross area of the colony
For Group Housing , Commercial and IT, scrutiny fees to be paid based on
proposed FAR.
17. Licence fee and conversioncharges as prescribed by the Government
Infrastructure Development Charges as per rates prescribed in the Schedule in
Rules 1976.
External development Charges (EDC)--proportionate cost of development of
the town level infrastructure for a town as decided by the development
agency(Haryana Urban Development Authority.
Note; Preparing this document is based on the information sourced from URDPFI
Guidelines prepared by the Ministry of Urban Development; Government of India
and website of Department of Town & Country Planning, Haryana; which is
gratefully and thankfully acknowledged.