This document summarizes a research paper on urban renewal strategies and economic growth in Ondo State, Nigeria. It finds that urban decay in many developing country cities, including in Ondo State, has negatively impacted the local economy. However, appropriate urban renewal strategies between 2009-2012 in Ondo State yielded corresponding economic growth. The paper recommends combining public participation with strategic urban renewal schemes to best promote economic results. It concludes that urban renewal is necessary to address declining economies in Nigeria and other developing nations caused by urban decay.
By 2050, India with about 1.7 billion people will be the most populous country in the world, accounting for about 17 percent of the global population but only 2 percent of land and less than 4 percent of water. And about 60 percent of the population, nearly 1 billion, will be urbanized and a large part of it will be rural migrants. The rapid urbanization will further accelerate the demand for higher quantity of quality food, especially of high value foods such as fruits, vegetables, milk, meat and eggs, from the shrinking land, water, biodiversity resources. Moreover, the crowding cities and their peripheries will be facing agriculture land loss that will affect future food production in large scale.
Urbanisation started in the early days along the river valleys where civilisation was first experienced. The rate of urbanisation at this time was slow; however, the rate of urbanisation in developing countries is so fast at the moment where it generates many problems like pollution, inadequate housing and clean water, flooding, high rate of waste disposal and insecurity. Many towns do not have plans and policies to govern the establishment of the infrastructures. Planning ensures proper establishment of infrastructures and thus adequate provision of social amenities. One of the major problems in Rongo Town is inadequate housing which is caused by high rate of population growth. Similarly, the provision of other social amenities like education, health and electricity has been stressed as the local authorities and central governments lack the capacity to cope up with the population increase. There is great need to expand the capacity of these facilities in Rongo Town. The need to put in place policies that govern waste management and environmental conservation cannot be downplayed. The government and the local authorities should establish town boundaries to check the movement of towns into the neighbourhood and hence protect the resources in the neighbourhood for economic growth. In a nutshell, everybody including government, local authorities, engineers, planners, town and local residents should be involved in planning and policy formulation so as to improve the living standards of the residents of Rongo Town.
Options for making affordable housing for all a reality in urban India (1)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to briefly dwelling on affordable housing in the context of India- Explaining the role and importance of housing in urban spaces , issues, challenges and roadblock faced and options available for making housing for all a distinct reality
Preparing and Empowering Cities in the face of Pandemics- Covid 19.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper makes an attempt to understand the context and impact of Covid 19 on the urban settlements, people and communities in terms of operation, economy, mobility, healthcare etc. and tries to define the issue which needs to be addressed and options which need to be exercised in order to enable and empower cities to counter to the negative effect of all natural and manmade disasters to make them better places to live and work.
Why the National Spatial Strategy failed and prospects for the National Plann...robkitchin
This talk delivered at the MacGill Summer School in Glenties, Donegal as part of a panel on the National Spatial Strategy and where next for spatial planning in Ireland. It sets out the history of spatial planning in Ireland and why the NSS failed and discusses the prospects for a new National Planning Framework
Strategies for Promoting Urban SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to define agenda for planning sustainable cities using different options of planning, transportation, green buildings, ruralisation etc
By 2050, India with about 1.7 billion people will be the most populous country in the world, accounting for about 17 percent of the global population but only 2 percent of land and less than 4 percent of water. And about 60 percent of the population, nearly 1 billion, will be urbanized and a large part of it will be rural migrants. The rapid urbanization will further accelerate the demand for higher quantity of quality food, especially of high value foods such as fruits, vegetables, milk, meat and eggs, from the shrinking land, water, biodiversity resources. Moreover, the crowding cities and their peripheries will be facing agriculture land loss that will affect future food production in large scale.
Urbanisation started in the early days along the river valleys where civilisation was first experienced. The rate of urbanisation at this time was slow; however, the rate of urbanisation in developing countries is so fast at the moment where it generates many problems like pollution, inadequate housing and clean water, flooding, high rate of waste disposal and insecurity. Many towns do not have plans and policies to govern the establishment of the infrastructures. Planning ensures proper establishment of infrastructures and thus adequate provision of social amenities. One of the major problems in Rongo Town is inadequate housing which is caused by high rate of population growth. Similarly, the provision of other social amenities like education, health and electricity has been stressed as the local authorities and central governments lack the capacity to cope up with the population increase. There is great need to expand the capacity of these facilities in Rongo Town. The need to put in place policies that govern waste management and environmental conservation cannot be downplayed. The government and the local authorities should establish town boundaries to check the movement of towns into the neighbourhood and hence protect the resources in the neighbourhood for economic growth. In a nutshell, everybody including government, local authorities, engineers, planners, town and local residents should be involved in planning and policy formulation so as to improve the living standards of the residents of Rongo Town.
Options for making affordable housing for all a reality in urban India (1)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to briefly dwelling on affordable housing in the context of India- Explaining the role and importance of housing in urban spaces , issues, challenges and roadblock faced and options available for making housing for all a distinct reality
Preparing and Empowering Cities in the face of Pandemics- Covid 19.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper makes an attempt to understand the context and impact of Covid 19 on the urban settlements, people and communities in terms of operation, economy, mobility, healthcare etc. and tries to define the issue which needs to be addressed and options which need to be exercised in order to enable and empower cities to counter to the negative effect of all natural and manmade disasters to make them better places to live and work.
Why the National Spatial Strategy failed and prospects for the National Plann...robkitchin
This talk delivered at the MacGill Summer School in Glenties, Donegal as part of a panel on the National Spatial Strategy and where next for spatial planning in Ireland. It sets out the history of spatial planning in Ireland and why the NSS failed and discusses the prospects for a new National Planning Framework
Strategies for Promoting Urban SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to define agenda for planning sustainable cities using different options of planning, transportation, green buildings, ruralisation etc
Strategy for Promoting Sustainable Cities in IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to look at the options to make cities more livable, sustainable, productive, effective, efficient and inclusive in the face of rapid, massive,unplanned and haphazard urbanisation.
The Regional Development Updates (RDU) is the regular quarterly publication of RDC XII and NEDA XII containing development updates, news, reports and other relevant information on various activities of the Council, Local Government Units, Regional Line Agencies, State Universities and Colleges and Private Sector in the region.
Promoting Urban Environment Through Eco- CitiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to define the role and importance of environmentally sustainable cities to promote urban environment , minimises carbon footprints and reduce global warmng
Decarbonising Human Settlements through Regional Planning, Peri-urban Devel...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text tries to draw the attention of the professionals engaged in planning and designing of cities to the role of peri-urban areas in promoting the future planned growth of urban areas. Text also defines that cities need to be seen , planned , designed, developed and visuliased in the larger context not cofined to arbitrary physical boundaries defined by polotical and economic factors. Cities need to be seen in the larger context of the region and accordingly planned and devloped in the larger context of peri-urban araes/regional context, to stay safe, rational and sustainable. Neglecting rural areas at the cost of promoting urban development can be both irrational, illogical and fraught with danger of having lopsided developmnet of the urban areas. in the developing countries. Making cities carbon neutral will be possible only if the urban / rural areas and peri -urban areas are integrated within a unified planning, devlopment and management framework.
Sustainability in Urban Development: Impediments to Urban India's Sustainable...inventionjournals
"Many cities are caught in a 'perfect storm' of population growth , escalating adaptation needs and substantial development deficits created by a shortage of human and financial resources , increasing levels of informality, poor governance, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, poverty and growing inequality." - IPCC, 2014The lines quoted above sufficiently emphasize both the requirement and the importance of sustainability in urban development. This article seeks to provide a scholarly insight into sustainable urbandevelopment and discusses the challenges facing India in achieving sustainable urban growth. Finally the article makes a few pertinent suggestions to improve urban development policies of India along the lines of sustainability
Making Cities Zero Carbon -- issues and optionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for their dualities and contradictions, positivity and negativities, inclusion and exclusion, poverty and prosperity, luxury housing and slums, planned and unplanned development, innovations and depravity, good and bad, pleasant and ugliness. All these contradictions are the outcome of the way we are planning, designing and managing cities. If cities are bringing prosperity, they are also creating global crisis. Majority of global ills of global warming, rising temperature, natural crisis is the outcome of how we are treating the cities. Cities are being conceived as anti-thesis to nature and accordingly they are creating crisis including crisis of very human existence. Cities need to be treated in a better and rational manner by planning and designing them in logical manner. Cities need to be looked as integral part of nature and not looked as a commodity for sale and making profit. Cities not to be treated as a market place where one hopes to earn money and generate wealth. They have to be looked as places for human living – giving human beings an environment, where they can lead happy and healthy life. Cities need to be planned with nature using natural resources. They need to be made more effective and efficient. Cities need to be made producers rather than consumers of natural and non-renewable resources. They need to be made more livable and supportive to human living and nature. Cities need respect and care. We need to heal its wounds. If cites continue to be treated like they are being treated now, they are going to become major source of impending crisis , making human living most challenging on this planet. Accordingly, we need to relook, review, redefine and revise our options of planning, travel and creating built environment.
Planning and Urban Management-issues & challenges Subodh Shankar
With more and more people shifting to urban areas, the management issues of urban areas are getting complex day by day- posing serious challenges to urban planners and city managers. The slides, with the help of the case study of Curitiba(Brazil), discuss how an architect turned politician, through his innovative approaches solved the complex urban issues in most economical way.
Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeriaiosrjce
Urban renewal brings improvement to the physical and housing conditions and makes a city a
suitable place for living. The commitment of the Plateau State government to giving a face lift to the aesthetic
beauty of the capital city of Jos, through urban renewal, has been reiterated on several occasions. The city
witnessed series of crises almost throughout the last decade with the high density residential areas mostly
affected. The implementation of the proposed urban renewal programmes in the capital city, therefore, call for
caution and concern. This study, having investigated through questionnaires, interview and field observation,
the various socio-economic characteristics of three high density residential areas, namely, Ungwan Rogo,
Gangare and Dadinkowa, respectively sampled from the Northern, Central and Southern strata of the
metropolis, established that the areas are slums. Results of investigations revealed that over 75% of the total
landuse is residential and about 64% of the buildings possess no legal documents. The study further revealed
that away from lack of knowledge of the benefits of urban renewal programmes, fear of loss of property and
lack of trust in government for fear of poor compensation, are factors of non-acceptability of renewal
programmes. 65.8 % of the citizens are of the opinion that poorly managed urban renewal progammes can
regenerate crisis in the metropolis and as such streamlining the process of acquiring C of O, adequate
compensation, incessant pubic enlightenment and public participation, are recommended as key to successful
implementation of urban renewal activities in Jos.
Strategy for Promoting Sustainable Cities in IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to look at the options to make cities more livable, sustainable, productive, effective, efficient and inclusive in the face of rapid, massive,unplanned and haphazard urbanisation.
The Regional Development Updates (RDU) is the regular quarterly publication of RDC XII and NEDA XII containing development updates, news, reports and other relevant information on various activities of the Council, Local Government Units, Regional Line Agencies, State Universities and Colleges and Private Sector in the region.
Promoting Urban Environment Through Eco- CitiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to define the role and importance of environmentally sustainable cities to promote urban environment , minimises carbon footprints and reduce global warmng
Decarbonising Human Settlements through Regional Planning, Peri-urban Devel...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text tries to draw the attention of the professionals engaged in planning and designing of cities to the role of peri-urban areas in promoting the future planned growth of urban areas. Text also defines that cities need to be seen , planned , designed, developed and visuliased in the larger context not cofined to arbitrary physical boundaries defined by polotical and economic factors. Cities need to be seen in the larger context of the region and accordingly planned and devloped in the larger context of peri-urban araes/regional context, to stay safe, rational and sustainable. Neglecting rural areas at the cost of promoting urban development can be both irrational, illogical and fraught with danger of having lopsided developmnet of the urban areas. in the developing countries. Making cities carbon neutral will be possible only if the urban / rural areas and peri -urban areas are integrated within a unified planning, devlopment and management framework.
Sustainability in Urban Development: Impediments to Urban India's Sustainable...inventionjournals
"Many cities are caught in a 'perfect storm' of population growth , escalating adaptation needs and substantial development deficits created by a shortage of human and financial resources , increasing levels of informality, poor governance, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, poverty and growing inequality." - IPCC, 2014The lines quoted above sufficiently emphasize both the requirement and the importance of sustainability in urban development. This article seeks to provide a scholarly insight into sustainable urbandevelopment and discusses the challenges facing India in achieving sustainable urban growth. Finally the article makes a few pertinent suggestions to improve urban development policies of India along the lines of sustainability
Making Cities Zero Carbon -- issues and optionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for their dualities and contradictions, positivity and negativities, inclusion and exclusion, poverty and prosperity, luxury housing and slums, planned and unplanned development, innovations and depravity, good and bad, pleasant and ugliness. All these contradictions are the outcome of the way we are planning, designing and managing cities. If cities are bringing prosperity, they are also creating global crisis. Majority of global ills of global warming, rising temperature, natural crisis is the outcome of how we are treating the cities. Cities are being conceived as anti-thesis to nature and accordingly they are creating crisis including crisis of very human existence. Cities need to be treated in a better and rational manner by planning and designing them in logical manner. Cities need to be looked as integral part of nature and not looked as a commodity for sale and making profit. Cities not to be treated as a market place where one hopes to earn money and generate wealth. They have to be looked as places for human living – giving human beings an environment, where they can lead happy and healthy life. Cities need to be planned with nature using natural resources. They need to be made more effective and efficient. Cities need to be made producers rather than consumers of natural and non-renewable resources. They need to be made more livable and supportive to human living and nature. Cities need respect and care. We need to heal its wounds. If cites continue to be treated like they are being treated now, they are going to become major source of impending crisis , making human living most challenging on this planet. Accordingly, we need to relook, review, redefine and revise our options of planning, travel and creating built environment.
Planning and Urban Management-issues & challenges Subodh Shankar
With more and more people shifting to urban areas, the management issues of urban areas are getting complex day by day- posing serious challenges to urban planners and city managers. The slides, with the help of the case study of Curitiba(Brazil), discuss how an architect turned politician, through his innovative approaches solved the complex urban issues in most economical way.
Issues and Challenges of Urban Renewal in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeriaiosrjce
Urban renewal brings improvement to the physical and housing conditions and makes a city a
suitable place for living. The commitment of the Plateau State government to giving a face lift to the aesthetic
beauty of the capital city of Jos, through urban renewal, has been reiterated on several occasions. The city
witnessed series of crises almost throughout the last decade with the high density residential areas mostly
affected. The implementation of the proposed urban renewal programmes in the capital city, therefore, call for
caution and concern. This study, having investigated through questionnaires, interview and field observation,
the various socio-economic characteristics of three high density residential areas, namely, Ungwan Rogo,
Gangare and Dadinkowa, respectively sampled from the Northern, Central and Southern strata of the
metropolis, established that the areas are slums. Results of investigations revealed that over 75% of the total
landuse is residential and about 64% of the buildings possess no legal documents. The study further revealed
that away from lack of knowledge of the benefits of urban renewal programmes, fear of loss of property and
lack of trust in government for fear of poor compensation, are factors of non-acceptability of renewal
programmes. 65.8 % of the citizens are of the opinion that poorly managed urban renewal progammes can
regenerate crisis in the metropolis and as such streamlining the process of acquiring C of O, adequate
compensation, incessant pubic enlightenment and public participation, are recommended as key to successful
implementation of urban renewal activities in Jos.
Rural Regeneration in Egypt: A Review of Existing Typologies in Borderline AreasIEREK Press
Tracking rural areas and studying them may not be an easy task. The concept of whether the area at hand is urban or rural could be simple, but lately rural areas could carry many features that may deviate the definition into one which is unclear. In urbanized rural development, reversing the urbanization spotted may not be the ideal way to go, urban developers often suggest that to go back to the roots is to regenerate the area back into rural, however, regenerating rural areas using rural parameters and definitions may not be what the urban area in hand needs and the changes and challenges that are facing rural communities in Egypt need to be understood before any plan can be deemed as effective or even worthwhile The rapid increase in urbanization and how it affects agriculture land, shorelines, and rural land, has affected badly therural capacity, and led to a constant threat of overhaul in place of towns, cities, and other urban activities. However, rural areas are the lungs of the planet alongside forests and other green areas and having them diminish substantially will lead to aninevitable catastrophe. Regenerating rural areas should focus on revitalizing and embedding them into the social, cultural, and economic structure of the region, however, it may not always involve turning them back to what is commonly termed as rural.This research attempts to review and discuss the meaning and definitions of rural regeneration with a view to propose a strategic plan to regenerate borderlineareas in Egypt.
Solid Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis: Implications for Urban Administra...iosrjce
This work examined the solid waste management in Enugu metropolis for urban administration.
Over some period now Enugu metropolis has witnessed big volume of solid waste that adversely affected urban
administrator’s capacity to plan. The improper management of solid waste in Enugu metropolis constituted
health hazards to the citizens. A survey research method was adopted in the study and two hypotheses guided
the study. Data generated were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages and chi-square. The findings
showed that irregular collection of solid waste affects urban development in Enugu metropolis and that lack of
strict enforcement of environmental laws is responsible for indiscriminate dumping of solid waste. It is therefore
recommended that Government should enforce strictly all the environmental related bye-laws, generate
sufficient funds for solid waste management and also checkmate indiscriminate dumping of waste by the citizens
and ensure timely carting away refuse dumps in the metropolis
FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS IN INTERNATIONAL BORDER TOWN...IAEME Publication
The estimation of determinants of housing development patterns in international border towns is essential to overcome some of the challenges facing development in these areas. However, few studies have detailed physical factors and neighbourhood characteristics as determinants of housing formation in international settlements. It is in this respect that the researcher aimed at evaluating these factors as regard housing formation pattern in international areas. The study systematically obtained the opinion of selected 361 residents in three selected towns between Nigeria and Benin-Republic using questionnaire instrument. Also, the relationship between housing development pattern and the determinants was hypothesized based life-cycle model of neighbourhood change using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Both models of SEM – Measurement model and Structural model – adequately fit the study data. From the structural model findings, it was discovered that both physical (0.13) and neighbourhood factors (0.11) significantly have direct effects on housing development pattern in international towns. Housing physical factors such as road network, land features, dwelling accessibility and vegetation have indirect effect on housing pattern just like neighbourhood factors in the area of drainage system, level of infrastructural facilities, condition of space, and condition of foundation and land acquisition finance.
Indian Options for Managing Global Warming Through Ruralisation and Rationali...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper looks at the option of adopting dual strategy , revolving round not only rationalising the development of cities but also promoting ruralisation through effective planning. New option will look at making villages more self-contained, self-sufficient, providing basic amenities and services besides generating employment for the rural inhabitants, creation of synergy between rural and urban settlements, rationalising planning, promoting accessibility, minimising mobility, planning for people not for vehicle and creating green built environment..
ssessment of the Spaces between the Developed and Undeveloped Areas in Rongo ...inventionjournals
The establishment of any urban centres is always characterised by either commercial, industrial or administrative activities. Rongo Town is one of the towns that has attracted a large population and this has led to inadequate houses for the residents and general stress in the provision of social amenities. The general objective of the study was to analyse the socio-economic impacts of Rongo urban sprawl. The specific objective of the study was to assess the spaces between the developed and undeveloped area of Rongo Town. This was important because it projected the causes of inadequate housing units in Rongo Town. Concentric Urban Theory was used to guide the study. Cross sectional design method was used in the study. Quantitative and qualitative design methods were used to give the study a structure. The target population was 27,759. From this 6,095 households were used as respondents. Primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires, observation checklist, photographs and sketches. Secondary data involved written articles by experts in urban growth and information in government offices and non-governmental organisations. This data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences which yielded descriptive and inferential statistics. This data was also analysed by content analysis through description. The spaces between the developed and undeveloped areas were found to be so large. The study recommended the construction of high density houses by filling in the spaces between the developed and undeveloped areas in Rongo Town with houses and other necessary infrastructures
Similar to Urban Renewal Strategies and Economic Growth in Ondo State, Nigeria: A Case Study (20)
The Impact of Transit-Oriented Development on Fast-Urbanizing Cities: Applied analytical study on Greater Cairo Region
* 1 MS.c. Mohamed Kafrawy Image result for research orcid , 2 Professor Dr. Sahar Attia Image result for research orcid , 3 Professor Dr. Heba Allah Khalil Image result for research orcid
1, 2 &3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt
1 E-mail: en.kafrawy@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: saharattia16@eng.cu.edu.eg , 3 E-mail: hebatallah.khalil@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 16 May 2021
Revised: 25 August 2021
Accepted: 27 August 2021
Available online: 8 September 2021
Keywords:
Transit-oriented Development;
Fast-Urbanizing cities;
Sustainable transportation;
Sustainable development;
Greater Cairo region.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Transportation has always been the backbone of development. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been theorized, piloted and expanded increasingly in the past few decades. In this regard, this paper investigates the relationship between urban development, the transportation process, and the required implementation guidelines within fast-urbanizing cities, such as Cairo. After reviewing different related sustainable development theories, the study investigates pioneering case studies that have applied TOD and provided adequate implementation frameworks. The authors then extract and compare a set of required policies. The current Egyptian development paradigm is then discussed in relation to these enabling policies, focusing on Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. The authors debate previous development plans, progress, and newly proposed ones, focusing on the transportation process as the means for development. The study concludes with a set of required guidelines to ensure the integration of transportation with land-use planning, thus ensuring a more prosperous and inclusive urban development.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 83-95.
Developing Design Criteria for Sustainable Urban Parks
* Dr. Didem Dizdaroğlu Image result for research orcid
Department of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Art, Design, and Architecture, Bilkent University, Turkey
E-mail: dizdaroglu@bilkent.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 28 February 2021
Revised: 15 August 2021
Accepted: 19 August 2021
Available online: 30 August 2021
Keywords:
Sustainable Cities;
Urban Parks;
Green Spaces;
COVID-19;
Sustainable Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
This study investigates how urban parks can contribute to helping cities become more sustainable through developing a set of criteria for the sustainable design of urban parks. Today, there is no example around the world where all the proposed sustainable design criteria are applied together in a specific urban park. In this context, this study aims to make a novel contribution by systematically reviewing the literature on the sustainable design of urban parks. In the light of research findings, this study contributes to the implementation of a comprehensive sustainable park design practice in our cities in the future. These design criteria may further serve as performance indicators to offer information and know-how to local authorities, practitioners, communities, and other actors in this field to help them assess their success levels and progress over time.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 69-81.
The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces
1 * Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Mohammad Zare Image result for research orcid ,
3 Mitra Karimi Image result for research orcid
1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Tehran, Iran
2 & 3 University of Tehran, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran
1 E-mail: Kaveh.haa@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: zare.md@ut.ac.ir ,
3 E-mail: mitrakarimi@modares.ac.ir
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 8 March 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 8 August 2021
Available online: 18 August 2021
Keywords:
Urban Space;
Obsolescent Neighborhoods,
Social Interaction,
Evaluation Indicators,
Functional Scale.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Rehabilitation projects are interventions that can lead to the transformation of the socio-spatial structure of obsolescent neighborhoods. The main intention of such projects is the creation and/or improvement of social interactions after physical and functional interventions. Urban Renewal Organization of Tehran (UROT) is tasked with identification of target obsolescent neighborhoods, preparation of neighborhood development plans and implementation of rehabilitation projects to improve the quality of space and stimulate social interactions. In this paper, three urban spaces in different scales (“micro” for neighborhoods, “meso” for local and “macro” for trans-local scales), designed and implemented by UROT, were selected as a case study. By designing and filling a questionnaire and after analyzing research findings, the effect of the scale of the urban project on different activities was evaluated based on the Gehl model. Overall, in the expanded model based on the scale of space, an inverse ratio between the scale of space and both optional selective and social activities has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 59-68.
Living Space Needs of Small Housing in the Post-Pandemic Era: Malaga as a case study
* Professor Dr. Carlos Rosa-Jiménez Image result for research orcid , B. Arch. Cristina Jaime-Segura Image result for research orcid
1 and 2 Institute for Habitat, Tourism, Territory, Edificio Ada Byron, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, University of
Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
1 E-mail: cjrosa@uma.es , 2 E-mail: jscristina@uma.es
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 18 June 2021
Revised: 3 August 2021
Accepted: 10 August 2021
Available online: 14 August 2021
Keywords:
Architectural Design;
Lockdown;
Post-Covid City;
Remote Working;
Terraces;
Hygienism.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The COVID-19 lockdown period has highlighted the ability of housing to accommodate a comprehensive programme typical of the city and its public space. Housing units of under 60 m2 and in blocks of flats are the more vulnerable, as they have a higher percentage of non-community open spaces. That problem was analysed using a methodology based on psychological, urban planning and architectural indicators applied to two coastal cities in the Mediterranean area of southern Spain. The results highlight three aspects in this type of dwelling: the need to consider the orientation of the housing to improve the quality of indoor and outdoor space; the need in public housing policies for a greater number of rooms to facilitate remote working; and finally, the importance of functional terraces overlooking green areas.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 51-58.
Mathematical Model Applied to Green Building Concept for Sustainable Cities Under Climate Change
1 Professor Dr. Md. Haider Ali Biswas Image result for research orcid , 2* M.Sc. Pinky Rani DeyImage result for research orcid
3 Asst. Prof. Md. Sirajul Islam Image result for research orcid , 4 M.Sc. Sajib Mandal Image result for research orcid
1 Mathematics Discipline, Science Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
2, 3 & 4 Department of Mathematics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh
E-mail 1: mhabiswas@gmail.com , E-mail 2: pinkydey.math@gmail.com
E-mail 3: sirajulku@gmail.com , E-mail 4: sajibmandal1997@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 20 May 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 11 August 2021
Available online 16 August 2021
Keywords:
Green Building;
Sustainable Cities;
Climate Change;
Mathematical Model;
Numerical Simulations.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Recently the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is worldwide terrified anxiety to the public and scholars. Even this global problem is one of the great issues that continuously makes worrying the governments and environmentalists, but its solution findings are not out of the image at all. In this study, we have proposed and analysed a mathematical model for the solvable management of GHGs by sowing the seeds of green building dynamic systems. Moreover, in the model, the human community is used to enhance the production power of individuals of green buildings by absorbing the GHGs. The model is analysed by stability analysis at the equilibrium points: trivial and global equilibrium, and also by convincing the stability and instability of the system of equations. The behaviour of the propound model has been developed by numerical simulations which shows the rate of the fruitfulness of GHG components.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 36-50.
Sustainable Construction for Affordable Housing Program in Kabul
1 MSc. Mohammadullah Hakim Ebrahimi Image result for research orcid , 2* Professor Dr. Philippe Devillers Image result for research orcid
3 Professor Dr. Éric Garcia-Diaz Image result for research orcid
1 Construction Faculty, Kabul Polytechnic University, Afghanistan
2 LIFAM, École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier, France
3 LMGC, IMT Mines Ales, University of Montpellier, CNRS, France
E-mail 1: M.HEbrahimi@kpu.edu.af , E-mail 2: Philippe.devillers@montpellier.archi.fr
E-mail 3: eric.garcia-diaz@mines-ales.fr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 13 April 2021
Revised: 18 July 2021
Accepted: 6 August 2021
Available online 17 August 2021
Keywords:
Earth Construction;
Local Materials;
Sun-Dried Brick;
Compressive Earth Block;
Stabilization;
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Afghanistan has suffered from four decades of war, causing a massive migration of the rural population to the cities. Kabul was originally designed for 1,5 million people, whereas there are now 5 million in the city. The importation of modern western styles housing for rapid reconstruction reveals apparent cultural conflict and a significant environmental footprint. The new drive for sustainable reconstruction should consider the use of local materials combined with modern technologies. Earthen architecture underlies the embodiment of Afghan architecture. This research aims to revisit traditional Afghan earthen construction with the tools of industrial modernity. The three soils of the Kabul region are first characterized. Sun-dried mud brick and compressive earth block, with and without stabilization have been prepared and tested in the laboratory to develop the most suitable earth construction element which is cost-effective and easily available compared to imported modern products.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 23-35.
Sustainability of Tourism Development in the city of Ain-Sukhna, Egypt
* Professor Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Image result for research orcid
Faculty of Architecture, Galala University, Egypt
E-mail: ymahgoub@gu.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 June 2021
Accepted 5 August 2021
Available online 14 August 2021
Keywords:
Coastal Tourism;
Sustainable Development;
Cultural Resource;
Ain-Sukhna;
Galala City.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Tourism is a major economic source for Egypt, due to its significant natural and cultural attractions. Yet, rapid development and construction of touristic facilities have a negative impact on the fragile natural and cultural heritage. This paper studies the recent touristic developments of the coastal stretch of Ain-Sukhna on the Red Sea coastal region of Galala Mountain, and their impact on the surrounding natural and cultural attractions. Coral reefs and rich marine life have made this stretch among the prime fishing and scuba diving destinations in the world. The area is also famous for its year-round sunny beaches and the spectacular coastal scenic drive where Galala Mountain reaches the Red Sea. Recently, development has started on the mountains following the construction of Galala Mountain Road. Galala City started with Galala University and several residential, touristic, and commercial facilities. This paper studies the pattern of development in the area during the past 40 years and assesses its impact on natural and cultural resources.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 13-22.
Proclaiming Colonial Urban Heritage: Towards an Inclusive Heritage-interpretation for Colombo’s Past
* Professor Dr. Harsha Munasinghe Image result for research orcid
School of Architectural Studies, George Brown College, Toronto, Canada
E-mail: hmunasinghe@georgebrown.ca
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 13 April 2021
Accepted 18 July 2021
Available online 26 July 2021
Keywords:
Urban Heritage;
Colonialism;
Contested-Past;
Historic-City;
Inclusive heritage Interpretation;
Colombo.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Colombo, Sri Lanka’s commercial capital is a forceful creation of European colonialists who occupied the island for over four centuries. Its urban structure displays the social fragmentation sought by the rulers. Colombo elaborates an extraordinary process of city-making, stratified with its Dutch-origin, British-reshaping, and post-colonial adaptation. Proclaiming such a contested past as an inheritance requires an inclusive heritage interpretation. The recent renovation of monumental buildings for potential market values and demolishing minor architecture do not display such a heritage interpretation. This, placing undue attention on a selected social group, is found to be further emptying the compartmentalized city. The exclusion of some sub-societies also cost possible stewardship to urban heritage. Having observed the non-sustainability of current heritage-interpretation practised in Colombo, we searched for alternative means to unify societies in time-space thus sustaining the diversity of urban spaces. Our empirical studies have established the need to integrate the inherent cultural values of the colonial-built urban fabric in heritage interpretation. The results of vibrant heritage-interpretation results have been studied through a literature survey with aims to contribute towards the development of an inclusive heritage interpretation practice to protect Colombo’s colonial past sustainably.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 1-12.
Heritage Preservation as Strategy for Recomposing Conflict Territories
Prof. Dr. José Manuel Pagés Madrigal Image result for research orcid
Architecture & Urban Design, German University in Cairo, Egypt
E-mail: jose.madrigal@guc.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 May 2021
Accepted 20 October 2021
Available online 29 October 2021
Keywords:
Conflict territories;
Heritage Preservation;
Cultural heritage;
Reconstruction;
Cyprus;
Kosovo.
ABSTRACT
Heritage admits diverse readings depending on different territorial spaces, contexts, and knowledge fields. The relation between Heritage and the social contexts is one of these knowledge areas. But Heritage accepts a dual perception as a cultural reflection. It may be considered either as the origins of the conflicts or the engine for recomposing disrupted territories. The paper proposes a reflection on the topics related to conflict territories and the roles currently played by Cultural Heritage. The recomposition of conflict territories is based on a continuous intercultural approach with important contributions from human rights, genders equality, intercultural dialogue perspectives and the fact of taking heritage as a territorial stabilization factor. The paper presents specific practical cases in the Eastern Mediterranean region where actions on Heritage religious elements collide with the national sovereign of the respective current countries. A comparative study among these different actions proves that the initial clashes can be progressively transformed into strategies able to become the future guideline for the resolution of heritage regional conflicts. These conflicts reflect two discourses: political (with strong links between national identity and religion) and scientific (with a clash between static concept and dynamic vision) where objects interact with the visitors.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 252-264.
Investigating Built Environment Indicators to Develop a Local Walkability Index
* 1 B.Sc. Menna Tarek Image result for research orcid , 2 Prof. Dr. Ghada Farouk Hassan Image result for research orcid
3 Prof. Dr. Abeer Elshater Image result for research orcid , 4 Dr. Mohamed Elfayoumi Image result for research orcid
1, 2, 3 and 4 Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt.
E-mail 1: menna.tarek@eng.asu.edu.eg , E-mail 2: Ghadafhassan@eng.asu.edu.eg
E-mail 3: abeer.elshater@eng.asu.edu.eg , E-mail 4: m_fayoumi@eng.asu.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 8 June 2021
Accepted 20 August 2021
Available online 29 August 2021
Keywords:
Local Walkability Index;
Pedestrian Walking Behaviour;
Urban Design;
Mixed-use Street,
Cairo.
ABSTRACT
Many studies have been conducted over the last 20 years to determine and measure factors that affect the walkability of city streets. Walkability is an essential factor in deciding whether a city is green or sustainable. This paper creates a comprehensive walkability index by analysing built environmental indicators that affect walkability. This research was conducted on mixed land use streets in Cairo, Egypt, combining the results from an online survey and a walkability assessment model developed by multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. The results were based on a three-pillar approach starting with the theoretical background to frame the walkability indicator, numerical assessment over the Egyptian cases using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique and a qualitative user perception survey. Our results confirm that determining to what extent Cairo’s streets are walkable is crucial to enhancing pedestrians’ perceptions of the walking environment. Furthermore, the results illustrated the essential factors within the built environment indicators that influence pedestrian walking behaviour.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 235-251.
Liveability Dimensions in New Town Developments: An Overview of Senri New Town and Purbachal New Town
* 1 M. Eng. Tahmina Rahman Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Md. Nawrose Fatemi Image result for research orcid
1 Division of Global Architecture, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
2 Department of Architecture, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
E-mail 1: ar.tahminarahman@gmail.com , E-mail 2: nawrose@uap-bd.edu
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 April 2021
Accepted 10 August 2021
Available online 15 August 2021
Keywords:
Dimensions of Liveability;
New Town Development;
Satellite Townships;
Osaka;
Dhaka.
ABSTRACT
Since the 1960s, new town developments within large metropolises have been widely adopted to decongest the city centres, especially in Asian cities. This paper provides a brief account of the liveability dimensions of two new townships developed in large metropolitan areas: Senri New Town in Osaka and Purbachal New Town in Dhaka. The study primarily draws on master plans of the two developments to identify how the components of the plans reflect the physical, social, functional and safety dimensions of a proposed liveability framework. The methodology combines a review of masters plans with scholarly and grey literature on the two new town developments. The findings show while the social and functional dimensions are integrated with Senri New Town; Purbachal New Town, though more recent, appears to have missed opportunities for diversifying density, social mix and mass transit. The paper concludes that the comparative case, Senri-New Town provides insights on how public-private people participation can leverage citizen-centred design for more liveable residential living environments in developing cities.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 221-233.
Monitoring and Landscape Quantification of Uncontrolled Urbanisation in Oasis Regions: The Case of Adrar City in Algeria
* 1 Dr. Assoule Dechaicha Image result for research orcid , 2 Assist. Prof. Adel Daikh Image result for research orcid , 3 Prof. Dr. Djamel Alkama Image result for research orcid
1, 2 and 3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 8 May 1945 University, Guelma, Algeria
E-mail 2: dechaicha.assoul@univ-guelma.dz , E-mail 1: alkama.djamel@univ-guelma.dz
E-mail 3: daikh.adel@univ-guelma.dz
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 March 2021
Accepted 25 July 2021
Available online 12 August 2021
Keywords:
Uncontrolled Urbanisation,
Satellite Images,
Landscape Metrics,
Palm groves,
Oasis Ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 209-219.
Community Participation in Decision Making Processes in Urban Planning: The Case of Kaunas
M.A. Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė Image result for research orcid, Dr. Aušra Mlinkauskienė Image result for research orcid
a and b Kaunas University of Technology, Civil engineering and architecture faculty, Kaunas, Lithuania
E mail 1: laura.jankauskaite-jureviciene@ktu.lt, Email 2: ausra.mlinkauskiene@ktu.lt
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 29 August 2020
Available online 18 September 2020
Keywords:
Community;
Urban planning;
Spatial planning;
Decision-making processes.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Participation in decision-making processes foreshadows enabling citizens, communities, non-governmental organizations and other interested parties to influence the formulation of policies and laws affecting them. The purpose of this study is not only to review Lithuanian legal documents but also to analyse recent processes in Kaunas city planning. Kaunas city is undergoing various urban processes, which do not always meet the needs of the community. This study presents an analysis of the forms of community involvement in the urban planning processes and survey data on the effectiveness of community involvement. The methodology requires using a sociological survey with representatives of the city community and a comparative analysis between legal obligations and actual urbanization process.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 197-208.
The Impacts of Urban Morphology on Housing Indoor Thermal Condition in Hoi An City, Vietnam
1 * M.A. Thien Huong Luu Image result for research orcid, 2 Dr. Juan-Carlos Rojas-Arias Image result for research orcid, 3 Dr. Dominique Laffly Image result for research orcid
1and 2 Laboratory of Research in Architecture (LRA), National School of Architecture of Toulouse, France
3 University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, France
E-mail 1: thien-huong.luu@toulouse.archi.fr , E-mail 2: juan-carlos.rojas-arias@toulouse.archi.fr ,
E-mail 3: dominique.laffly@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 July 2020
Accepted 25 August 2020
Available online 14 September 2020
Keywords:
Urban Morphology;
Indoor Thermal Condition; Ancient Town;
Vernacular House;
Modern Terraced House.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Assessing the impact of urban morphology on the indoor thermal condition of housing in a tourism city in central Vietnam — Hoi An City is the main objective of this study. The research process is carried out by a variety of methods including in situ surveys, measuring with temperature sensors, data analysis and map analysis. Four houses, located in two areas with different urban forms, were selected for measurement within one month to investigate the differences in housing indoor temperature. The impact of urban morphology on housing was thereafter determined. Temperature sensors were permanently installed in 4 houses; based on these empirical measurements and data collected, the paper addresses solutions to improve urban morphology and indoor thermal condition.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 183-196.
E-participatory Approaches in Urban Design
* 1 Araf Öykü Türken Image result for research orcid, 2 Assoc. Prof. Dr Engin Eyüp Eyuboğlu Image result for research orcid
1 Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
2 Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Email 1: araf.turken@gmail.com, Email 2: eyuboglu@itu.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 June 2020
Accepted 20 Augustus 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
E-participation;
Public Participation;
Urban Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The phenomenon of planning involving citizen’s participation in planning literature has been from the second half of the 20th century. Indeed, different methods and techniques have been used in the process. However, participatory practices are time-consuming and negotiations are tiresome. Accordingly, the integration of developing digital technologies into participatory processes has been seen as a potential to reach large audiences and provide time-space independence. Within the scope of this research, a detailed literature review was done regarding e-participation, and ten (10) examples representing the upper levels at the ladder of participation were examined within the context of the project, participation, and socio-technical criteria. SWOT analyzes were structured by grouping similar applications, and current trends for the use of e-participation in urban design have been revealed. The analysis showed that citizens e participation- participation tend to allow citizen design or location-based interaction, playful interfaces and game elements which can be sources for encouragement.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 169-182.
Roles of Drop-in Centers in Street Children Interventions: Design Guidelines and Humanitarian Emergency Architecture Adaptations
* M.Sc. Ruba Azzam Image result for research orcid, Dr. Karim Kesseiba Image result for research orcid, Dr. Ahmed Abdelghaffar Image result for research orcid
Dr. Mennat-Allah El Husseiny Image result for research orcid
a, b, c and d Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering and Building Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Email 1: ruba-azzam90@hotmail.com , Email 2: karimkesseiba@gmail.com , Email 3: amaghaffar@gmail.com
Email 4: mennatallahelhusseiny@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 3 September 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
Street Children;
Drop-in centers;
Child-Rehabilitation centers;
Architecture for Humanitarian Emergencies;
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS).
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
For decades, numerous countries have been witnessing the Street Children phenomenon where millions of children worldwide are subjected to risks. Despite the crucial role of intermediate non-residential interventions - using drop-in centers- in protecting and rehabilitating street children, there is a paucity of research addressing the quality of design of these centers and how architecture might influence their operational process. Those observations invite investigating drop-in centers used in practice from a design perspective and question adapting architectural applications for humanitarian emergencies, focusing on “Child-Friendly Spaces”. The study aims to provide solutions for better quality design, facilitating operational challenges. The methodology undertakes the investigation through primary and secondary axes. This involves conducting literature and international precedents review and secondarily, an Egyptian contextual first-hand documentation and qualitative analysis of selected centers.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 151-168.
Towards the Egyptian Charter for Conservation of Cultural Heritages
1 Associate Professor Dr. Corinna Rossi , 2 * Sara Rabie
1 Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, Politecnico di Milano Cairo, Milan, Italy
2 Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
1 E-mail: corinna.rossi@polimi.it , 2 E-mail: sarah.rabie@guc.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 5 April 2021
Accepted 15 June 2021
Available online 25 June 2021
Keywords:
Cultural Heritages;
Conservation;
History;
Value;
Authenticity;
Europe;
Egypt.
ABSTRACT
The notion of “Cultural heritage” is quite modern compared to other humanistic fields developed in the last century. Conservation as a science has emerged and took shape during international conventions and treaties in many places in Europe and developed various frameworks to recognize the heritage and its value but based on “Eurocentric bias” criteria. The fact of sharing universal values and common practices during the age of globalization had a significant impact on conservation actions in contexts utterly different from western societies and don’t share the same historical or cultural dimensions. Therefore, this study traces the history of the evolution of conservation in the west from two perspectives; the historical one and the developing methodologies, and the philosophies behind the main theories in conservation. Cultural heritage is a reflection of the identity of the society and its past; thus, this study outlines the development of conservation practices in Egypt within the international approaches in a chronological order to investigate the social response and the impact of the political and cultural influence of the cultural consciousness of the society and the conservation actions in the Egyptian context. Furthermore, to investigate the contribution of international charters in developing national policies in Egypt.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 101-111.
Enhancing Security in Affordable Housing: The Case of Prince Fawaz Project
Professor Dr. Maged Attia Image result for research orcid
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
Email: mattia@kau.edu.sa
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 March 2021
Accepted 15 May 2021
Available online 30 May 2021
Keywords:
Environmental crime;
Enhancing security;
Crime rates;
Prince Fawaz project;
Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
The present study argues that the urban form of affordable housing projects affects safety and security. The study examines the level of safety and security in the Prince Fawaz project proposing recommendations that enhance it. Theories and approaches concerned with the environmental crime are initially reviewed. Then, urban and architectural features as well as crime rates and patterns are documented. Also, trace and behaviour observations are carried out. The observations monitored urban features and behaviours associated with crime or fear of crime. Residents’ perception for security and fear of crime is extracted through a questionnaire. A Space Syntax is processed and linked with the questionnaire and observation outputs. Observations demonstrate a semblance of fear of crime which is supported by records of car and home theft. Although the questionnaire reflects a suitable level of security, it points to peripheral spaces and areas around mosques and shops as the less secure. However, enhancing security in the Prince Fawaz project requires urban interventions including controlling access to peripheral spaces, reviving areas detected to be unsafe, repositioning elements causing visual obstacles and enhancing appearance by vegetation and sustainable maintenance. Besides, reformulating the movement network so that an appropriate integration between residents and strangers is achieved. On the conceptual level, the study proves that none of the theories of environmental crime can act as a comprehensive approach; but each can partly work.
This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
C:\Users\Hourakhsh\Desktop\CC_By_2020_licnece1.jpg
This article is published with open access at www.ijcua.com
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 85-100.
Urban Land-use and Traffic Congestion: Mapping the Interaction
1 * Ph.D. Candidate James Kanyepe Image result for research orcid, 2 Prof. Dr. Marian Tukuta Image result for research orcid, 3 Prof. Dr. Innocent Chirisa Image result for research orcid
1 and 2 Department of Supply Chain Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe
3 Department of Demography Settlement & Development, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
E-mail 1: jameskanyepe@gmail.com, E-mail 2: paidamoyo2016@gmail.com
E-mail 3: innocent.chirisa@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 25 October 2020
Accepted 15 December 2020
Available online 19 December 2020
Keywords:
Land-Use;
Peak Hour;
Traffic Congestion;
Transport;
Travel Patterns;
Travel Behavior.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The interaction between transport, land-uses and travel patterns produce diverse transportation problems in urban cities with traffic congestion as the most visible manifestation. Traffic congestion is a frequent phenomenon in most cities around the globe. This paper reviews the interaction between land-use traffic congestion through published literature. The objective of this study is to encourage and provide researchers with future research directions in land-use and traffic congestion. For this purpose, a systematic review was performed analysing 45 articles from the year 2010 to 2020 using a descriptive approach. Subsequently, the results of the study show that although the interaction between land-use and traffic congestion has gained currency in developed countries far less is known on this subject in developing parts of the world, though new evidence is steadily accumulating. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, opportunities are identified for future lines of research. Finally, the conclusion confirms the need for further research addressing the methodological concerns.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 77-84.
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2. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 76-83 / 2018
Joseph Adeniran Adedeji, Olatunde Arayela 77
use, lack of use, abuse of use, unused and disuse
of urban lands, which develops into slum, blight
and decay of urban centres, unregulated
development of urban fringes, which lead into
development of ghetto and squatter settlements
are among the too-numerous evidences of the
decay in Nigerian urban centres. Others include
incidence of urban villages and rise in crime rate,
negative impacts of informal economic sector,
and congestion of transport corridors, human
induced disasters like fire outbreak, flood and
erosion, incidence of destitution, homelessness,
overcrowding, poverty, crime and diseases. The
World Bank (2005) attributed this malaise to rapid
urbanization, rural-urban migration and decades
of speedy economic downturn, among others.
These conditions will continue unabated except
sustainable urban renewal strategies are
formulated and implemented in urban centres.
Presently, because of the causal relationship
between the quality of the urban environment
and economic activities, Nigeria is presently
experiencing urbanisation of poverty
(Babanyara1, Usman & Saleh, 2010) in the urban
centres. With the increasing scale and pace of
urbanisation in Nigeria (Fadamiro & Adedeji,
2009; Arenibafo, 2016), the hope for economic
growth amidst unstable public economic
policies, global economic crises and its
attendant consequences on developing nations,
coupled with lip-service attention paid to
environmental quality issues by the government,
is dizzy. The outcome is a weak environmental
support for economic activities in urban centres.
This paper therefore reviews the impact of urban
renewal strategies on economic growth in
Nigeria with focus on Ondo State towards
identifying the means of enhancing the
sustainability of its economic proceeds. This
becomes necessary in view of the importance of
the economic sector as the major ‘driver’ of
sustainable human settlements at all spatial
scales from village to towns, cities, megacities
and megalopolis.
2. The Need for Urban Renewal
The myriads of urban problems that have far-
reaching economic implications on the urban
populace can be identified as follow: Collapsing
existing urban infrastructural facilities or complete
lack of them in some urban centres; Increasing
rate of street trading street parking and
encroachment on road setbacks by informal
activities as a result of lack of organized markets
and shopping centres/shopping malls;
Congestion of transport infrastructure-road and
its precincts in particular, manifesting in
accidents, hold-up and go-slow (Adedeji,
Fadamiro & Adeoye, 2014). Others include
human induced disasters like fire outbreak, flood
and erosion; Inefficient urban infrastructure and
utilities like power, water, drainage, hospitals,
post and telecommunication; Unsanitary
conditions resulting from poor waste disposal
methods and blockage of drains (where they are
available); Incidence of destitution,
homelessness, overcrowding, poverty crime and
diseases; Landlocked developments resulting
from unorganized and unregulated new
developments which cause lack of access to
some land use activities; Lack of adequate data
for policy makers, administrators, researchers and
urban managers; Rural neglect, which results
from sentimental regional development plans;
Destruction of urban aesthetics as a result of lack
of organized open space and destruction of
informal open spaces. While the national status of
the problem has been acknowledged, the
magnitude of its presence in Ondo State cannot
be overemphasized.
3. Theoretical Framework of Urban Renewal
Urban renewal has been described as a
deliberate effort to change the urban
environment through planned, large-scale
adjustment of existing city areas to present and
future requirements for urban living and working
(Grebler, 1965; Osuide, 2004). According to
Tetlow and Goss (1968), it is the elimination of
excessive noises, smells and atmospheric
pollution especially from the residential scene.
Urban renewal or redevelopment has been
considered as a tool to solving the problem of
squatter settlement (Aluko & Amidu, 2006) and its
theories were largely influenced by social,
economic and historical developments as well as
city planning movements immediately after the
Second World War. Indeed, many countries
embarked on rebuilding efforts, characterized by
demolition of old dilapidated areas, large-scale
clearance of city slums and construction of
modern high- rises after the war (Gbadegesin,
Oladokun & Ayorinde, 2011). Often, urban
renewal schemes are fraught with many
challenges which can be grouped into:
Physical: The proposed sites for the project may
possess great challenges to its implementation.
One of such site constraints is topography in terms
of great differences between existing road levels
and areas of possible extension. In a number of
cases, there may be road meanders and possible
3. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 76-83 / 2018
Joseph Adeniran Adedeji, Olatunde Arayela 78
encroachment into natural elements like rivers,
streams and water ways are needed to be
overcome. Not only that, the volume of existing
services installation to be relocated may be high.
These include electricity, water supply mains and
communication installations.
Social: Urban renewal projects have always been
fraught with social implications. This is due to the
change of land use from private to public and
reclamation of public open spaces that have
been encroached upon for private use.
Therefore, the required accompanying
demolition of residences, commercial buildings,
temporary structures and other physical elements
usually attract public criticism by the affected. A
strategic public re-orientation concerning the
many benefits of the projects is a sure antidote
even though the government has its entire
implementation instrument at disposal.
Political: Political opponents who are not as
visionary and courageous as the incumbent
government may raise unguarded alarms to
distract the government from its renewal goals of
the cities. Public campaign and non-partial
implementation concerning the demolition of all
affected physical structures on the sites is crucial
to putting to silence all “Sanballat and Tobiah”.
Cultural: One of the usual challenges to urban
renewal schemes is the presence of cultural
artefacts like shrines, historical emblems,
graveyards, among others, along the re-
development paths. This problem can become a
stepping stone to project implementation by
inclusive design approaches in majority where
necessary.
Economic: The capital requirement for urban
renewal projects is usually awesome. This is made
up of necessary compensations, project fund
and post-construction management. This
problem could be overcome by a phased-
approach to project implementation and
overshot by the numerous benefits of the project
aside from the prospect of revenue generation
from some of its components which is a long-term
advantage.
Large-scale redevelopment creates
many social problems and encourages many city
planners and scholars to question its effects and
functionalities. Indeed, large scale renewal and
redevelopment efforts have been criticized for
neglecting the complexities of the urban fabric; it
is not only uneconomical, but also damages the
city’s heritage and degrades various socio –
environmental qualities. As described by Waque
and Hirji (2005), urban intensification produces a
diversity of densely packaged, highly valued
economic interests.
According to Olusule (2010), five procedural
steps are necessary to be followed to accomplish
a desirable urban renewal exercise for the
community. They are; acquisition of land in
accordance with the plan, relocation of residents
from the acquired building into satisfactory
quarters, site clearance – the razing of the
structures on the land may be carried out only
after the quality of such structures have been
determined, site improvements and supporting
facilities and services are undertaken by the
agency and land may be built upon by agency
or sold to original owners if compensations have
been paid. Urban renewal has also been linked
with the sustainable provision of basic amenities
such as water, and electricity (Vander & Graaf,
2010; Newman, 2001; Ashley, Blackwood, Butler,
Davies, Jowitt & Smith, 2004). The provision and
continuous means of management of urban
renewal products should also be part of the
programme.
4. Urban Renewal Strategies
There are three basic Urban Renewal
Strategies (Carmona, Heath, Oc, & Tiesdell,
2010). These are: Comprehensive
Redevelopment, which can be applied to a
structure or a cluster of structures where
obsolescence and decay is absolute. It is
otherwise called complete demolition and
reconstruction; Rehabilitation or Renovation,
which is the process of neigbourhood
revitalization by removing worst structures
repairing and constructing streets with additional
parks and public utilities; Conservation, which
concerns preservation of urban items with
historic, cultural, aesthetic and architectural
values.
The three can be broken down into action
plan, which include the following (Wahab,
Adedokun &Onibokun, 1990; World Bank, 1996):
(1) Acquisition of a slum area or a blighted area
or portion thereof; (2) Demolition and removal of
buildings and improvements; (3) Installation,
construction or reconstruction of streets, utilities,
parks, playgrounds, and other improvements
necessary in the urban renewal area the urban
renewal objectives of this appendix in
accordance with the urban renewal plan; (4)
Disposition of any property acquired in the urban
renewal area including sale, initial leasing or
4. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 76-83 / 2018
Joseph Adeniran Adedeji, Olatunde Arayela 79
retention by the municipality itself, at its fair value
for uses in accordance with the urban renewal
plan; (5) Carrying out plans for a program of
voluntary or compulsory repair and rehabilitation
of buildings or other improvements in
accordance with the urban renewal plan; (6)
Acquisition of any other real property in the urban
renewal area where necessary to eliminate
unhealthy, unsanitary or unsafe conditions, lessen
density, eliminate obsolete or other uses
detrimental to the public welfare, or otherwise to
remove or prevent the spread of blight or
deterioration, or to provide land for needed
public facilities; and (7) Preservation,
improvement or embellishment of historic
structures or monuments. While these procedures
are not mutually exclusive, they may not all
present in a single scheme at one time.
Generally, urban renewal process is
perceived to overhaul the congestion in the city
centres (Vigdor, 2007). Its strategies can also be
classified as filtration, social planning, the boot-
strap strategy, replacement, guiding urban
growth through investment and local
government strategy (Balchin, Kieve & Bull, 1988).
Filtration is based on the out – migration of
households and employment followed by the
clearance and redevelopment of vacated sites.
It can also be in the form of expanded towns or
satellite towns. The expanded towns received
even less overspill than the new towns. Webster
(2004) underlines the importance of peripheral
development around metro cities, arguing that in
case of fast growing urban centres, peri-urban
areas have experienced rapid economic growth
as that is the easiest environment in which new
communities and manufacturing structures can
be built, absorbing large numbers of migrants.
This approach, however, calls for the resuscitation
of new town creations in the time past in Nigeria
such as satellite town, Lagos and Ajoda New
Town in Ibadan.
Social planning, as described by Balchin et al.
(1988), has been regarded as being secondary
to physical and economic planning. It focuses on
people rather than on urban space or property,
and should first involve analyses of the basic
causes of deprivation as a prelude to the
application of needs – related policies. The boot
– strap strategy entails rehabilitation and is mainly
confined to housing. It does not involve the
displacement of occupant and it is often thought
that in economic terms, it is less costly than
redevelopment, although evidence is
conflicting. Needleman’s renewal theory thus
suggested that the comparative economics of
redevelopment and rehabilitation depends on
(Newman, 1999):
(i) the rate of interest (ii) the future life of the
rehabilitated property and (iii) the differences
between the running costs of the new and
rehabilitated property. Normally, rehabilitation
would be worthwhile if the present cost
of clearance and building exceeds the sum of
the cost of rehabilitation, the present value of the
cost of rebuilding, and the present value of the
difference in annual running costs.
5. Ondo State: an Overview
Ondo State (Figures 1 and 2) of Nigeria was
one of the seven states created on 3rd February,
1976. It was carved out of the former Western
State. The state covered the total area of the
former Ondo Province, created in 1915 with
Akure as the provincial headquarters. Ondo
State took off formally on 1st April, 1976, consisting
of the nine administrative divisions of the former
Western State (Ministry of Information and
Culture, 1979). These nine divisions then were
Akoko, Akure, Ekiti Central, Ekiti North, Ekiti South,
Ekiti West, Okitipupa, Ondo and Owo. Akure
town ship was retained as the state
headquarters. However, on 1st October, 1996,
Ekiti State was carved out of Ondo State.
Location: The state lies between latitudes 5°45'
and 7°52'N and longitudes 4°20' and 6° 05'E. Its
land area is about 15,500 square kilometres.
Ondo State is bounded on the east by Edo and
Delta states, on the west by Ogun and Osun
States, on the north by Ekiti and Kogi States and
to the south by the Bight of Benin and the Atlantic
Ocean.
Administrative Areas: The apex of the
administrative structure is the state headquarters,
Akure. Prior to the carving out of Ekiti State from
Ondo State there were twenty-six Local
Government Areas. Fourteen of these remained
in Ondo State, and from these, additional four
LGAs were created. As at now, there are
eighteen LGAs in Ondo State. The physical and
infrastructural conditions of Nigerian urban
centres described under the conceptual
framework of this study can be said to be true
representation of Ondo State.
5. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 76-83 / 2018
Joseph Adeniran Adedeji, Olatunde Arayela 80
Figure 1. Showing location of Ondo State in Nigeria and
Africa.
Figure 2. Showing the various Local Government Areas in
Ondo State, Nigeria.
6. Methodology
The cityscapes of the State was studied to
evaluate the environmental quality that has
emerged from the institutional frameworks of the
Ondo State Government’s relevant departments,
especially the urban renewal products.
Secondary data was used to glean renewal
strategies of the state government and the
products of the renewal efforts.
7. Urban Renewal in Ondo State
Ondo State Government (2012) identified
the aim of its urban renewal programme as
making the towns and cities in the state serene
places for living, work and decent environment
for leisure and attractive to investors through the
following objectives: To harness the potentials of
the towns and cities as engines of social and
economic growth and development; To create
orderliness and ensure that components of the
towns and cities function efficiently; To improve
the ecstatic of the towns and cities to promote
healthy living; To promote tourism and enhance
the urban economy. This aim and its objectives
has been pursued through the following
strategies (Ondo State Government, 2012):
Identification and delineation of contiguous
urban communities as a key step in strategic
management of urban areas with a view to
providing community-based integrated
infrastructure and services;
Sensitization and mobilization of community
stakeholders such as neighbourhood
organizations traditional institutions for
sustainable improvement of urban communities;
Baseline Survey for the collection of baseline
data in order to generate statistically–valid
estimates that quantify, characterize and
measure the intensity and magnitude of slum
conditions for formulating action plans;
Community Consultation and Participation
for building confidence, establishing buy-in and
ownership for project support and post
implementation maintenance and sustainability.
Integration and coordination of service delivery
in the face of financial constraints;
Ownership of development projects by
beneficiaries to ensure post implementation
maintenance, protection of investment and
sustainability.
Monitoring and Evaluation built into project
development to ensure that lapses in design and
implementation are noted early and correction
made to improve project outcome.
These strategies have yielded urban renewal
products in the state with resultant economic
growth driven by uncommon political will. These
products can be grouped into general goods
neighbourhood and regional market
infrastructures as shown in Table 2, specialised
market infrastructure like Akure International
Auto-mart (Figure 3), electrification,
transportation infrastructures like Modern Motor
Park, Akure, road dualisation and landscaping,
general and specialised health facilities,
sanitation and waste management
infrastructures, and recreation facilities as shown
in Table 1.
Figure 3. showing Akure International Auto-market,
Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
6. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 76-83 / 2018
Joseph Adeniran Adedeji, Olatunde Arayela 81
Table 1. Summary of urban renewal products in Ondo State, Nigeria.
S/N Component Location Urban Renewal Strategy
1 General goods Markets State-wide Re-construction, New developments
2 Mechanic Village Akure New construction
3 Electrification State-wide Rehabilitation, New construction
4 Model Motor Park Akure Rehabilitation, Re-construction
5 Recreation Parks State-wide Rehabilitation, New construction
6 Tomato Factory Akure Rehabilitation and Redevelopment
7 Health infrastructures State-wide New construction, Renovation
8 City Beautification State-wide Renovation, Rehabilitation, New construction
9 Flood and erosion control State-wide New construction
10 Housing Estates State-wide New construction
Source: Compiled from Ondo State Government, 2012
Table 2. Data on major market developments in Ondo State as urban renewal products.
S
/
N
Location Size Operation No of
Ope
n
Stall
No of
Lock Up
Stalls
Available Facilities Major Wares In
The Market
Operation
al
Coverage
1 NEPA
Neighbourh
ood Market
(Akure)
5,100
m2
Daily 192 24 Pipe-borne water, toilet,
admin. block, parking,
security post, canteen
Mainly food
stuffs and
general
provision
Neighbo
urhood
2 NEPA Main
Market
(Akure)
1.325
Hec
Daily - 275 Admin block, crèche,
canteen, security post, pipe
borne water, toilet
Varieties City wide
3 Isikan
Phases I
and II
1.79
Hec
Daily
150
336 Admin block, pipe borne
water, toilet, security post,
electricity
Varieties
mainly food
items and
clothing
City wide
4 Ikare 2.13
Hec
Daily 520 - Cold rooms, water supply,
electricity supply, livestock
section, milling section,
grains section
Mainly food
items, textiles,
and kitchen
utensils
Regional
coverag
e up to
Ekiti and
Edo
States
5 Okitipupa 2.00
Hec
Daily 531 108 Cold room, toilets, security
post, admin block, fire sub-
station, canteen
Food stuff,
general
provision,
textile, kitchen
utensils etc.
City wide
6 Ondo
(Moferere)
3.267
Hec
Daily 252 - Admin block, water supply,
toilets, security post, fire
station, fire station, waste
disposal management unit
Textiles, food
stuff, general
provision,
kitchen
utensils
City wide
7 Igbokoda 2.83
Hec
Daily 932 150 Clinic, cold rooms, police
post, canteen, water supply,
toilets, admin block, etc.
Food stuff,
various types
of fresh and
smoked fish,
textile, kitchen
utensils, local
dry gin, etc.
Internati
onal with
influence
along
West
African
coast
8 Iju/Ita-
Ogbolu
- Daily/
Weekly
70 - Water, toilets Varieties Neighbo
urhood
9 Oba-
Akoko
- Daily 86 - Water, toilkets Varieties Neighbo
urhood
Source: Ondo State Government, 2012
The significance of these urban renewal
products to economic growth cannot be
overemphasized. Importantly, they were
conceived to reach the entire economic
population of the state, especially the informal
economic sector which has the highest
percentage. While most of the market-related
renewal products have direct economic growth
influence, others have indirect impacts on the
economic growth of the state. Transportation
infrastructures like roads and modern motor
parks have indirect but high positive influence on
the economy of the state as they provide
economic linkages to other economic centres in
the sub-region. Health infrastructures are not
only germane according to the saying that
“health is wealth” but as drivers for the health of
7. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 76-83 / 2018
Joseph Adeniran Adedeji, Olatunde Arayela 82
the population to enhance active involvement
in economic activities. In view of the provision of
suitable spaces where economic activities are
efficiently carried out, productivity is easily
enhanced (Adedeji & Fadamiro, 2012).
8. Recommendation and Conclusion
Urban renewal products have an
overwhelming impact on the overall quality of
lives in cities and economic growth in particular.
Even though it encompasses a gamut of
problems, urban renewal is inevitable for the
sustenance of urban life in city centres. It is
almost compulsory for every urban human
settlement considering the lifecycle of built
environments in general with birth, use, decay
and death phases.
The present study discovered that a great
urban renewal fit was achieved in Ondo State,
Nigeria. In view of the multi-dimensional goals of
the programme targeted towards all economic
groups in the state, its economic growth impact
cannot be overemphasized. The informal
economic sector of the population who has
suffered gross neglect of their economic-related
environmental concerns in the past has
benefited immensely from the urban renewal
programme of the Ondo State government.
Consequently, because of the relationship
between the quality of work environments and
quality of outputs, economic growth has been
enhanced in the state. The programme has
been much successful because of its cardinal
driving forces of vision, passion and properly
directed actions. Also, the engagement of
appropriate renewal strategies for peculiar
components of the schemes with necessary
methods of public participation, payment of
required compensations, and impartiality in the
implementation of the strategic plans was
observed. This fit can be replicated in other
states in Nigeria if similar political will is available.
In view of the results of this study, effective
public participation combined with appropriate
strategies are the sustainable tools for the best
result in urban renewal programmes while urban
renewal itself is the only feasible solution to the
current dwindling economic sector in Nigeria.
Acknowledgments
This research did not receive any specific grant
from funding agencies in the public,
commercial, or non-for-profit sectors.
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