An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
1. INTRODUCTION TO SUBJECT ITP
2. DEFINITION OF INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING ITP
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING
a. ELOBRATIONS
4. TERMS USED IN PLANNING AND THEIR DEFINITION
5. RELATIONSHIP OF CRP WITH OTHER FIELDS
a. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECHTURE
b. RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING
c. RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
d. RELATIONSHIP WITH SURVYING
e. RELATIONSHIP WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECHTURE
f. RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOLOGY
g. RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMICS
6. IMPORTANCE OF URBAN PLANNING
7. FUNCTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNER
8. NEW TRENDS IN PLANNING
9. GEOGRPHICAL TOPOGRAPHICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO PLANNING
10. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING
11. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
12. LEVELS AND ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
13. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR PATRICK GEDDES
14. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR EBNEZIR HOWARD
15. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LE COUBISER
16. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF FRANK LOYD WRIGHT
17. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LEWIS MUMFORD
18. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF C.A DOXIADIS
types and contents for regional planning for block,district,state and nationgayathrysatheesan1
level planning framework. All planning activities at the district level will be with a single planning body at the district level. This body will be in line with Planning Boards at the state level and Planning Commission at the national level.
types and contents for regional planning for block,district,state and nation ppt
Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
1. INTRODUCTION TO SUBJECT ITP
2. DEFINITION OF INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING ITP
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING
a. ELOBRATIONS
4. TERMS USED IN PLANNING AND THEIR DEFINITION
5. RELATIONSHIP OF CRP WITH OTHER FIELDS
a. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECHTURE
b. RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING
c. RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
d. RELATIONSHIP WITH SURVYING
e. RELATIONSHIP WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECHTURE
f. RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOLOGY
g. RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMICS
6. IMPORTANCE OF URBAN PLANNING
7. FUNCTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNER
8. NEW TRENDS IN PLANNING
9. GEOGRPHICAL TOPOGRAPHICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO PLANNING
10. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING
11. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
12. LEVELS AND ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
13. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR PATRICK GEDDES
14. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR EBNEZIR HOWARD
15. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LE COUBISER
16. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF FRANK LOYD WRIGHT
17. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LEWIS MUMFORD
18. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF C.A DOXIADIS
types and contents for regional planning for block,district,state and nationgayathrysatheesan1
level planning framework. All planning activities at the district level will be with a single planning body at the district level. This body will be in line with Planning Boards at the state level and Planning Commission at the national level.
types and contents for regional planning for block,district,state and nation ppt
Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
The graphical representation of the demand schedule is the demand curve. The quantity and price are inversely related; that is, Q goes up when P goes down. The curve slopes downward, going from northwest to southeast. This important property is called the law of downward-sloping demand.
Sustainable development planning for Zimbabwe bkambasha
This is not a report from City of Harare or Gvt of Zimbabwe but from just a citizen concerned about his beautiful city of Harare the SUNSHINE CITY. Sustainable development starts with us the residents of the city, private companies, visitors to the city and finally the government. Look around our beautiful city how we have done to it, it needs us "each and every citizen, private company and visitors" to do something each day towards helping to restore that status SUNSHINE CITY.
Planning for Broadway now provides an opportunity to
coordinate transit-supportive land use, affordable housing
policies, transportation connectivity and public realm
design with the rapid transit project.
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Detailed comprehensive plans and federal funding grants need some of the same elements to thrive. If a community identifies its needs as part of the planning process, it can, as part of a continuous proposal building process, pinpoint which grants will help meet those needs. Federal grants are available for communities with an integrated vision for connecting economic development, community development, and environmental protection to create greater livability. This session will explain why comprehensive community planning should be an integral part of the federal funding process to help facilitate the continuous development of proposals.
In this presentation exploring planning law, Laird Ryan talks us through the planning process, explores what we can and can't influence and helps us consider how best to create real, organic and local alliances that make the best use of our energy.
To find out more about the Neighbourhood Democracy Movement please visit: https://neighbourhooddemocracy.org
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
4. Project
1.land for a new industrial area.
2. additional water treatment and storage capacity.
3. primary school .
4. extension of water mains into an existing housing area .
5. Extension water mains into areas where new housing is likely to locate
during the next 5 years.
6. extend main roads into the same areas of new residents as 5.
7 . Redevelopment of the existing public market.
8. site(s) for new school or schools of project 3 .
9. bridge and road as soon as to the industrial possible area proposed in 1.
5. Reason for need
1.to attract new private sector investment
2. to provide potable water for the population additions expected during
the ten years following 2002, that are likely to locate in areas at a higher
elevation than the existing facility. (Although designed for 10 years
ahead, investment planning is only for 5 years, in this case.)
3.to service an existing housing area and an adjoining area beginning to
develop.
4. to provide existing residents who are currently without piped water.
5. to provide expected new residents with piped water.
6. to provide road access into an expected extension of the town.
7. to improve the efficiency and cleanliness of the existing market and to
increase the income to the local government .
8. to provide a site(s) for the new primary school or schools.
9. to provide access to the proposed industrial area.
6. Picturing the Future of an Urban Area.
TASK 1: What is Happening?
Purpose : To identify the trends that have shaped the
urban area as it is today.
Questions: 1. How has the population been
growing?
2. How has the use of land been
changing?
3. How has the economy been changing?
4. How has the distribution of wealth
been changing?
7. 1. How has the population been growing?
Method
To estimate population growth, first assemble any existing
data about population of the urban area.
This data can be found from government offices, other
sources include development projects and university studies.
Then, use the available population figures to calculate the
approximate rate per year at which the population has been
changing.
Finally, discuss your conclusion with others in the urban area
who would have a sense of its growth and change, such as the
electricity and water providers and the operators of large
businesses.
8. 2. How has the use of land been changing?
Method:
Understanding changes in the use of land should be done in two parts. The first
addresses the built-up part of the urban area; the second deals with the conversion
of land to urban uses.
To picture significant changes to travel around the streets and make general
observations. Identify the major places where buildings have changed (e.g. a single
storied shop is replaced by an office of many floors or from single family residences
to a building housing many families).
On a map, mark these areas and note the changes taking place. Then discuss
your tentative identifications with the local urban planners in government
To picture the conversion of land to urban use, ask those offices that perform
urban planning to show on their maps where there have been recent changes to the
boundaries of the built up areas.
Make field visits to check the information you are given with visual observations
and by asking residents or local leaders at those places you visit about the
locations of land on which there has recently been construction and of land whose
ownership recently changed.
9. 3. How has the economy been changing?
:Method
To identify important changes in the economy of the town or city,
obtain the opinions of local business people through their
associations (such as a chamber of commerce) and/or through
interviews with business leaders. Local and regional government
officers dealing with economic development should also be
consulted. With them, seek to reach conclusions about:
a rough estimate of the speed (the rate) at which the economy of
the town/city is currently growing or shrinking.
the identity of particular kinds of manufacturing or service
business that are undergoing substantial growth or decline.
significant changes taking place in economic activities around the
city/town
changes in national and global economic activities that might have
effects on the economy of the town/city.
10. 4. How has the distribution of wealth been
changing?
Method:
To picture current changes to the overall local
wealth:
consider the effects of current changes in the local
economy identified in 3 above methods;
consult with local business people, especially their
associations and the banks;
use any basic statistics available government
offices and from banks;
11. Picturing the Future of an Urban Area.
Task 2: What Do Influential Organizations Want the
Urban Area to Become?
Purpose : To identify the trends that have shaped the
urban area as it is today.
Questions: 1. What are the significant existing physical
development policies?
2. What are the significant existing economic
development policies?
3. What are the significant social development
policies, especially those for alleviating poverty?
12. 1. What are the significant existing physical
development policies?
Method:
Physical development policies are usually found in a town or city plan. It
is characteristic of urban planning that many of the policies found in plan
statements are out of date or are otherwise unrealistic. In particular, extract
what the plan document says about:
where expansion of the built-up areas should take place and the timing
of this expansion (i.e. the phases of expansion);
the economic and social roles that the urban area should perform in the
development of its regions and the country;
the major changes and additions to the physical structure of the
city/town that should be made so that it can perform these roles;
any other major changes in the uses of land in the built-up areas that
should be made;
any other major changes to the road system.
13. 2. What are the significant existing economic
development policies?
:Method
Economic development policies do not often exist for a particular city or
town. It is important to learn from these policies:
the economic role that the urban area is expected to perform in the
development of its region and the country;
the major changes and additions to the physical structure of the
city/town that that are to be made so that it can perform these roles
the major physical changes and additions that are to be made by the
projects of government, NGOs, foreign donors and other development
agencies;
any other major changes in the uses of land in the built-up areas that
are to be made
any other major changes to the road system.
These may be different from the policies contained in physical
development plans because they are formulated in different offices of
government or by other agencies, and/or at later times.
14. 3. What are the significant social development
policies, especially those for alleviating poverty?
:Method
Overall social development policies for a particular town/city
are very unlikely to exist. However, there are likely to be some
policies for poverty alleviation. These can be learned from the
appropriate local government offices. It is important to learn
from them the major changes and additions to the physical
structure of the city/town that are needed to implement
these policies and projects.
15. Picturing the Future of an Urban Area,
Task 3: What are the Opportunities for and Constraints
to Physical Change?
Purpose : To identify the physical conditions that determine the relative suitability of land
for urban use.
Questions: 1. Where is there land that is too steep to build upon or prone to landslides?
2. Where are the areas prone to flooding?
3. Where are the areas where ground conditions are not good for urban
construction?
4. Where are there forest areas?
5. Where are the rights of way for major roads not yet built and for high-tension
electricity lines?
6. Where are the built-up areas?
7. Where is the good quality agricultural land?
8. Where are the areas that cannot be served by the easy extension of existing
systems?
9. Considering these physical factors, what are the constraints on, and
opportunities for, using areas of land in and around the town for urban
purposes?
16. 1. Where is there land that is too steep to build
upon or prone to landslides?
Method:
To map the areas too steep to build upon, obtain information describing the lines
of equal elevation of the land surface above sea level, often called contour lines.
These can be obtained from the government office responsible for mapping and
other offices of government that use lines of elevation, such as those that do land
planning, land registration, and engineering design for roads or water distribution
systems.
Using the scale of the base map to measure the distance between lines of different
elevations, shade on the overlay map those areas where the rate of increase in
elevation (i.e. the slope) is too great for easy building construction.
Ask construction engineers, urban physical planners, or building construction
inspectors what is the maximum acceptable slope in your area.
To mark areas prone to landslides, consult land planners or building engineers
that work locally. Check the information you are given with long term residents
near to the areas involved.
18. 2. Where are the areas prone to flooding?
:Method
To map areas where flooding might occur, ask local
officials such as urban planning officers and those who
register land. Local community leaders and politicians
are often enough informed about their communities to
remember the limits of floods that have occurred.
20. 3. Where are the areas where ground conditions
are not good for urban construction?
Method:
To map areas where ground conditions are not good for
urban construction, get information from planners,
engineers, land surveyors or agricultural extension workers
about the presence of rock on the surface and soils that
greatly shrink and expand (such as black cotton in East
Africa).
Very elastic soils are not suitable for building upon because
they move the foundations of buildings.
Surface rock makes very difficult the burying of water lines
and any sewer pipes.
22. 4. Where are there forest areas?
:Method
To map the areas of forests, use any information that
may be on your base map that shows forest areas.
A recent aerial photograph can be helpful to draw
boundaries on an overlay.
23. 5. Where are the rights of way for major roads
not yet built and for high-tension electricity lines?
Method:
To map rights of way for major roads not yet built and
for high-tension electricity lines, obtain information
from government engineers and from the local office of
land administration.
Often these rights of way have already been mapped by
those engaged in urban planning.
24. 6. Where are the built-up areas?
:Method
To map the areas that have been built upon for urban use,
obtain maps from those offices that perform urban planning.
Ask them to update these maps with their estimates of
recent changes to the boundaries of the built up areas.
Make field visits to check that the information given you is
roughly correct.
Any recent aerial photography can help.
Discuss the estimates you have drawn on your overlay with
several of those who are locally engaged in selling, buying,
registering or planning land.
25. 7. Where is the good quality agricultural land?
Method:
To map the land that is being preserved for agriculture
because it is good for this purpose, obtain information from
the government agencies concerned about agriculture.
People engaged in rural or urban land planning may have
this information.
Areas of land will be designated as having different levels of
quality. Indicate on your overlay all those lands that are of
good quality for agricultural purposes.
27. 8. Where are the areas that cannot be served by
the easy extension of existing systems?
Method:
To map the areas that cannot be served by the easy extension of
existing systems, use only the information on the locations of
existing water distribution and road systems that has to be
produced for Task 5.
Mark out those built-up areas that are currently served by each of
these two services. Then draw a boundary roughly 500 m from the
edges of the built-up areas that are served.
If there is a sewerage system, map those areas to which it cannot
easily be extended because they cannot be drained into it.
28. 9. what are the constraints on, and opportunities
for, using areas of land in and around the town
for urban purposes?
Method:
By carrying out the sieve map analysis, you can locate those areas
where there are constraints on their use for urban purposes.
By placing at a time one or two of the overlays (created as described
above) on the base map, the sum of the areas marked upon all the
overlays can be built up on a single transparent sheet that each time is
placed over the others and upon which any marked areas are traced.
The result is a map showing all those areas where there is a constraint
upon the use of the land for urban purposes.
At the same time, in its blank spaces where nothing is marked this
map shows those areas where the best opportunities are for urban
development to take place.