definitions as per census data , origin and characteristics of slums in european, American and Indian cities. Government and non governmental approaches to engaging with issues regarding slums in Indian cities.

1. SOCIOLOGY
&
BUILDING ECONOMICS
SEMESTER 5
FACULTY : Ar MAHIMA J

2. SYLLABUS BLUEPRINT :
SOCIOLOGY & BUILDING
ECONOMICS
MODULE 1
Introduction to
Sociology
Elements of society
MODULE 2
communities
Urban and rural
communities
Cities and society
Social research
MODULE 3
Economics
Economic organization
of society
MODULE 4
Economics and the
market
MODULE 5
Urban land values
Building costs
Today

3. CITIES & SOCIETIES
PART 2 - SLUMS
Module 2 - SESSION 5
FACULTY : Ar
MAHIMA J

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Official definition of slums as per Census of India. The origin and
characteristics of slums in European, American and Indian cities.
Governmental and non-governmental approaches to engaging with issues
regarding slums in Indian cities.

6. DEFINITION OF A SLUM
A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been defined as
residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation
by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements
and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement
of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any
combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety
and health.

7. DEFINITION OF A SLUM
A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-
down area of a city characterised by substandard housing and squalor and
lacking in tenure security.
According to UN Expert Group, slum has been defined as an area that
combines various features, including inadequate access to safe water,
inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure, poor structural
quality of housing; overcrowding and insecure residential status.

9. Observe all
these pictures

10. Observe all these pictures

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUMS
(i) High rate of poverty;
(ii) High incidence of unemployment;
(iii) Huge extent of urban decay;
(iv) Breeding grounds for social problems like crime, drug addiction,
alcoholism etc.;
(v) High rates of mental illness and suicide etc.;
(vi) Low level of economic status of its residents;
(vii) Inadequate infrastructural facilities;
viii) Acute problem of malnutrition
(ix) Lack of drinking water;
(x) Lack of basic healthcare;
(xi) Unsanitary and unary environment;
(xii) Low standard of living or poor quality of life.
NEED TO ELABORATE (EXPLAIN) EACH
OF THESE POINTS FOR EXAMS/
INTERNALS

12. Percentage
of Slum
HHs to
Total Urban
HHs

13. THE ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
SLUMS IN EUROPEAN, AMERICAN AND
INDIAN CITIES.
•Due to increasing urbanization of the general populace, slums became common
in the 18th to late 20th centuries in the United States and Europe
• London's East End is generally considered the locale where the term originated
in the 19th century, where massive and rapid urbanization of the dockside and
industrial areas led to intensive overcrowding in a warren of post-medieval
streetscape.
• Slums are often associated with Victorian Britain, particularly in industrial
English towns, lowland Scottish towns and Dublin City in Ireland.
•These were generally still inhabited until the 1940s, when the British government
started slum clearance and built new council houses.
• There are still examples left of slum housing in the UK, but many have been
removed by government initiative, redesigned and replaced with better public
housing. In Europe, slums were common.
•By the 1920s it had become a common slang expression in England, meaning
either various taverns and eating houses, "loose talk" or gypsy language, or a
room with "low going-ons".
VIDEO

14. NON-GOVERNMENTAL APPROACHES (NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS) TO ENGAGING WITH ISSUES REGARDING
SLUMS IN INDIAN CITIES.
Role of Lead NGOs :
1. NGO is envisaged to act as a bridge between the municipality and the people. It is
expected to play the role of a mediator and a facilitator. The role of lead NGOs
and slum based CBOs in the process of survey and subsequent design of
redevelopment models as well as their implementation.
2. Without government support in providing the backbone of the labor, resources,
and capital needed to revitalize infrastructure to alleviate the housing burdens of
the poor, non-governmental organizations are left to compensate for the lack of
amenities needed to support the growing slum population.
3. NGOs and Development Debate, e.g. top-down/bottom-up, people centered
agenda, promising intention for the poor, congruence with civil society
4. NGOs become eminent representative of civil society in meantime and addressed
neo-liberal challenges – contracting out services, project based activities, etc.
5. NGOs’ study is largely conducted by NGOs itself or in consultation with other
NGOs, which usually work in association with donor agencies.

15. PICK NUM ----- 1 TO 9

16. GOVERNMENTAL APPROACHES TO
ENGAGING WITH ISSUES REGARDING
SLUMS IN INDIAN CITIES.
1. JNNURM
2. RAY
3. PMAY
4. BSUP
5. IHSDP
6. NSDP
7. ISHUP
8. AHIP
9. KHB
ASSIGNMENT
 Each students gets
one topic to choose
 Make a 1-2 A4 page
REPORT about the
government
approaches /
Schemes mentioned.
 You may add
examples where it
has been
implemented.
1) Yojana / scheme name
with expansion
2) Year of establishment
i.e. when it started.
3) Is it under state or
central government?
4) What is their role /
approaches towards
slum redevelopment ?
5) Give examples of
where(cities or
particular slums) it has
executed the works and
how? (at least 2
examples)

18. REFERENCES & SOURCES
https://openstax.org/details/books/introduction-sociology-2e
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/slum-population-meaning-
characteristics-and-other-details/42568
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum#Characteristics_of_slums
https://www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk/blog/2017/12/the-worlds-largest-
slums-dharavi-kibera-khayelitsha-neza/