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Session 5 -Slums
- 1. SOCIOLOGY & BUILDING ECONOMICS SEMESTER 5 FACULTY: Ar MAHIMA J
- 2. SYLLABUS BLUEPRINT : SOCIOLOGY& BUILDING ECONOMICS MODULE 1 Introduction to Sociology Elements of society MODULE 2 communities Urban and rural communities Cities and society Social research MODULE 3 Economics Economic organization of society MODULE 4 Economics and the market MODULE 5 Urban land values Building costs Today
- 3. CITIES & SOCIETIES PART2 - SLUMS Module 2 - SESSION 5 FACULTY : Ar MAHIMA J
- 4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Official definitionof slums as per Census of India. The origin and characteristics of slums in European, American and Indian cities. Governmental and non-governmental approaches to engaging with issues regarding slums in Indian cities.
- 6. DEFINITION OF ASLUM A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been defined as residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health.
- 7. DEFINITION OF ASLUM A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run- down area of a city characterised by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security. According to UN Expert Group, slum has been defined as an area that combines various features, including inadequate access to safe water, inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure, poor structural quality of housing; overcrowding and insecure residential status.
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- 10. Observe all thesepictures
- 11. CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUMS (i)High rate of poverty; (ii) High incidence of unemployment; (iii) Huge extent of urban decay; (iv) Breeding grounds for social problems like crime, drug addiction, alcoholism etc.; (v) High rates of mental illness and suicide etc.; (vi) Low level of economic status of its residents; (vii) Inadequate infrastructural facilities; viii) Acute problem of malnutrition (ix) Lack of drinking water; (x) Lack of basic healthcare; (xi) Unsanitary and unary environment; (xii) Low standard of living or poor quality of life. NEED TO ELABORATE (EXPLAIN) EACH OF THESE POINTS FOR EXAMS/ INTERNALS
- 12. Percentage of Slum HHs to TotalUrban HHs
- 13. THE ORIGIN ANDCHARACTERISTICS OF SLUMS IN EUROPEAN, AMERICAN AND INDIAN CITIES. •Due to increasing urbanization of the general populace, slums became common in the 18th to late 20th centuries in the United States and Europe • London's East End is generally considered the locale where the term originated in the 19th century, where massive and rapid urbanization of the dockside and industrial areas led to intensive overcrowding in a warren of post-medieval streetscape. • Slums are often associated with Victorian Britain, particularly in industrial English towns, lowland Scottish towns and Dublin City in Ireland. •These were generally still inhabited until the 1940s, when the British government started slum clearance and built new council houses. • There are still examples left of slum housing in the UK, but many have been removed by government initiative, redesigned and replaced with better public housing. In Europe, slums were common. •By the 1920s it had become a common slang expression in England, meaning either various taverns and eating houses, "loose talk" or gypsy language, or a room with "low going-ons". VIDEO
- 14. NON-GOVERNMENTAL APPROACHES (NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS)TO ENGAGING WITH ISSUES REGARDING SLUMS IN INDIAN CITIES. Role of Lead NGOs : 1. NGO is envisaged to act as a bridge between the municipality and the people. It is expected to play the role of a mediator and a facilitator. The role of lead NGOs and slum based CBOs in the process of survey and subsequent design of redevelopment models as well as their implementation. 2. Without government support in providing the backbone of the labor, resources, and capital needed to revitalize infrastructure to alleviate the housing burdens of the poor, non-governmental organizations are left to compensate for the lack of amenities needed to support the growing slum population. 3. NGOs and Development Debate, e.g. top-down/bottom-up, people centered agenda, promising intention for the poor, congruence with civil society 4. NGOs become eminent representative of civil society in meantime and addressed neo-liberal challenges – contracting out services, project based activities, etc. 5. NGOs’ study is largely conducted by NGOs itself or in consultation with other NGOs, which usually work in association with donor agencies.
- 15. PICK NUM -----1 TO 9
- 16. GOVERNMENTAL APPROACHES TO ENGAGINGWITH ISSUES REGARDING SLUMS IN INDIAN CITIES. 1. JNNURM 2. RAY 3. PMAY 4. BSUP 5. IHSDP 6. NSDP 7. ISHUP 8. AHIP 9. KHB ASSIGNMENT Each students gets one topic to choose Make a 1-2 A4 page REPORT about the government approaches / Schemes mentioned. You may add examples where it has been implemented. 1) Yojana / scheme name with expansion 2) Year of establishment i.e. when it started. 3) Is it under state or central government? 4) What is their role / approaches towards slum redevelopment ? 5) Give examples of where(cities or particular slums) it has executed the works and how? (at least 2 examples)
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