India is developing its own satellite navigation system called the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) to provide positioning capabilities similar to GPS. The IRNSS will consist of a constellation of 7 satellites (3 geosynchronous and 4 geosynchronous) and ground stations to provide navigation services with less than 10 meters of accuracy over India. Two satellites have already been launched with the goal of a complete operational system by 2015-2016 to provide real-time positioning and timing services to users across India and in the surrounding region.
The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System or IRNSS is an ingenuously developed Navigation Satellite System that is used to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and region extending to 1500 km around India. The fully deployed IRNSS system consists of 3 satellites in GEO orbit and 4 satellites in GSO orbit, approximately 36,000 km altitude above earth surface.However, the full system comprises nine satellites, including two on the ground as stand-by.The requirement of such a navigation system is driven because access to foreign government-controlled global navigation satellite systems is not guaranteed in hostile situations, as happened to the Indian military depending on American GPS during the Kargil War.The IRNSS would provide two services, with the Standard Positioning Service open for civilian use, and the Restricted Service (an encrypted one) for authorized users (including the military).
The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System or IRNSS is an ingenuously developed Navigation Satellite System that is used to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and region extending to 1500 km around India. The fully deployed IRNSS system consists of 3 satellites in GEO orbit and 4 satellites in GSO orbit, approximately 36,000 km altitude above earth surface.However, the full system comprises nine satellites, including two on the ground as stand-by.The requirement of such a navigation system is driven because access to foreign government-controlled global navigation satellite systems is not guaranteed in hostile situations, as happened to the Indian military depending on American GPS during the Kargil War.The IRNSS would provide two services, with the Standard Positioning Service open for civilian use, and the Restricted Service (an encrypted one) for authorized users (including the military).
Global positioning system and its mathematical form.
By Mustahsan Khan _ BS(physics-Nanotechnology) (International Islamic University Islamabad) Pakistan.
INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEM (IRNSS)Yelendher Reddy
1. THE BEGINNING
2. WHY?
3. SERVICES
4. ARCHITECTURE
5. SATELLITES
6. IRNSS COVERAGE
7. BENEFITS
Approved by Government of India in May 2006.
The total cost of the project is expected to be ₹1420 crore (US$209 million).
the full system comprises nine satellites.
3 satellites in GEO orbit.
4 satellites in GSO orbit.
2 on the ground as stand-by.
Third country in the world to have it’s own navigational system.
Indian military depending on American GPS during Wars.
Global positioning system and its mathematical form.
By Mustahsan Khan _ BS(physics-Nanotechnology) (International Islamic University Islamabad) Pakistan.
INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEM (IRNSS)Yelendher Reddy
1. THE BEGINNING
2. WHY?
3. SERVICES
4. ARCHITECTURE
5. SATELLITES
6. IRNSS COVERAGE
7. BENEFITS
Approved by Government of India in May 2006.
The total cost of the project is expected to be ₹1420 crore (US$209 million).
the full system comprises nine satellites.
3 satellites in GEO orbit.
4 satellites in GSO orbit.
2 on the ground as stand-by.
Third country in the world to have it’s own navigational system.
Indian military depending on American GPS during Wars.
Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)Yelendher Reddy
1. THE BEGINNING
2. WHY?
3. SERVICES
4. ARCHITECTURE
5. SATELLITES
6. IRNSS COVERAGE
7. BENEFITS
Approved by Government of India in May 2006.
The total cost of the project is expected to be ₹1420 crore (US$209 million).
the full system comprises nine satellites.
3 satellites in GEO orbit.
4 satellites in GSO orbit.
2 on the ground as stand-by.
Third country in the world to have it’s own navigational system.
NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation)Mohan Kanni
A small presentation on NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) on what it consists of and its uses to the country from an ordinary person to commercial business and Military usage For National Security Purposes. Having a Indigenous Navigation system is Vital to country like India due to various prospects.
What's Hot? A Look At Technologies Trending In Libraries TodayJennifer Baxmeyer
Yet another updated version of the presentation I've been giving for several years about technology trends in libraries. No text on the slides this time, but all are hyperlinked, so I think you can figure out the point of each slide... I start with what libraries have been doing and include links to where I think libraries will be focusing their energies in the future. There are few slides showcasing projects not related directly to libraries, but giving this presentation is my opportunity to share what I find interesting and somewhat relevant to librarians and libraries.
Rape in India - A study by Juxt in public interestJuxtConsult
A study to bring forward the real situation of rapes in India. We at Juxt decided to understand public perception and actual reported crime data better.
Reason: We believed that there is lot more which needs to be told to the people of this country…
This content introduces the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), its example, earth observation orbit types, coordinate systems, GNSS time system, converting height (ellipsoidal, geoid, orthometric heights) and various GNSS applications.
Global Positioning System . It gives the idea about Global Positioning System. It is one type of satellite made by India. Which means Indian reasearch Navigation 🧭
NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is an Operational name of IRNSS.
Independent Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary.
In this Programme there are two levels of service/access to data
1. Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
-which is provided to all the users
2. Restricted Service (RS)
- which is an encrypted service provided only to the authorised users like Indian Security forces.
• NAVIC has total of 7 satellites of which 3 are in GEO (GeoStationary) orbit and 4 are in GSO (GeoSynchronous) orbit.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system that can provide people who use it with their exact position on Earth, tell them how to get to another location, how fast they are moving, where they have been, how far they have gone, what time it is. GPS was originally designed to help the U.S. military with finding the accurate location of their soldiers, vehicles, planes and ships around the world. Now, GPS is used in cellular phones, navigation and map making.
Space segments GPS satellites fly in medium Earth orbit (MEO) at an altitude of approximately 20,200 km (12,550 miles). Each satellite circles the Earth twice a day. The satellites in the GPS constellation are arranged into six equally-spaced orbital planes surrounding the Earth. Each plane contains four "slots" occupied by baseline satellites. This 24-slot arrangement ensures users can view at least four satellites from virtually any point on the planet.
The control segment
The control segment of the GPS system consists of a worldwide network of tracking stations.
The master control station (MCS) located in the United States at Colorado Springs, Colorado.
The primary task of the operational control segment is tracking the GPS satellites in order to determine and predict satellite locations, system integrity, behavior of the satellite atomic clocks, atmospheric data, the satellite almanac, and other considerations.
The User segment
The user segment includes all military and civilian users. With a GPS receiver connected to a GPS antenna, a user can receive the GPS signals, which can be used to determine his or her position anywhere in the world. GPS is currently available to all users worldwide at no direct charge.
How it work? When a GPS receiver is first turned on, it downloads orbit information from all the satellites called an almanac. Once this information is downloaded, it is stored in the receiver’s memory for future use. The GPS receiver calculates the distance from each satellite to the receiver by using the distance formula: distance = velocity x time. The receiver determines position by using triangulation. When it receives signals from at least three satellites the receiver should be able to calculate its approximate position (a 2D position). The receiver needs at least four or more satellites to calculate a more accurate 3D position. The position can be reported in latitude/longitude.
The two GPS codes are;-
Coarse acquisition (or C/A-code)
Precision (or P-code).
The C/A-code is modulated onto the L1 carrier only, while the P-code is modulated onto both the L1 and the L2 carriers. This modulation is called biphase modulation, because the carrier phase is shifted by 180° when the code value changes from zero to one or from one to zero.
Source of GPS error
Satellite clock errors: Caused by slight discrepancies in each satellite’s four atomic clocks. Errors are monitored and corrected by the Master Control Station.
Orbit errors:Satellite orbits.
Brilliant Lecture delivered to me in Alagappa Engineering college Workshop.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based radio navigation system provided by the
United States Department of Defence. It gives
unequaled accuracy and flexibility in positioning
for navigation, surveying and GIS data collection.
Satellite navigation and and how it works wonderdome
“You have reached your destination!” Many of us hear these words if not on a daily basis. Honestly, I don’t even want to look back at the times before the satellite navigation. Those were the times of hand-drawn maps, road atlases and being lost. A lot. Now everybody has a satnav device for their personal use. What’s even more important, trains, ships, planes and even robots use the satellite navigation too!
But how does the technology actually work?
The idea is beautifully simple:
Get a radio signal from a satellite on your receiver. The signal can include the time when it was sent and the location of the satellite. When you receive the signal, the distance to the satellite can be easily calculated as you will know how long it took for the signal to arrive to the receiver (and we know how fast the signal travels, right?). The distance to the satellite will give you the area of your possible locations. Not yet good enough! To narrow down your location area take the second satellite and repeat the process. And finally add the third satellite. Here you are!
With just 3 satellites you will know your position on the “mean sea level”. But at least 4 satellites are needed to determine your accurate location if you are up in the mountains. In practice, 6 satellites are usually visible from each location.
3. Introduction
• ISRO is developing a satellite based navigation system, called
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with a
constellation of 7 satellites and complementary ground
infrastructure. Four spare satellites are also planned.
• The IRNSS system is planned to be made operational by end of
2014. Government has approved the IRNSS project at a total cost
of Rs. 1420.00 crores in May 2006 for both space and ground
infrastructure.
4.
5. Type Satellite navigation system
Country India
Accuracy Less than 20 m over
the Indian Ocean region
Less than 10 m accuracy
over mainland India
Coverage 1,500–2,000 kilometers
(930–1,240 mi) around
Indian landmass
Operational by 2015–16
Project Cost 16 billion (US$260 million)
6.
7. Coverage
• The IRNSS is expected to provide positional accuracies similar to the
Global Positioning System (10 m over Indian landmass and 20 m over
the Indian Ocean) in a region centered around the country with a
coverage extending up to 1,500 km from India between longitude 40° E
to 140° E and between latitude ± 40°.
• Besides accurate real time position, the system is designed to
provide Navigation and Time (PNT) services to users on a variety of
platforms with 24x7 service availability under all weather conditions.
• As in the case of GPS, IRNSS will provide a more accurate restricted
service for special authorized users.
8.
9. Features
• Highly accurate position, velocity and time information in real
time for authorized users on a variety of vehicles
• Data with good accuracy for a single frequency user with the help
of Ionospheric corrections
• All weather operation on a 24 hour basis.
10.
11. Architecture
• The INRSS will consist of three segments: space, ground and user.
• The space segment consists of a constellation of seven satellites: three
(Geostationary Orbit) GEOs located at 34° E, 83° E and 131.5° E and
four (Gyosynchronous Orbit) GSOs at an inclination angle of
29° placed two each at with equator crossing at 55° and 111° East.
• IRNSS ground segment consists ground stations for generation and
transmission of navigation parameters, satellite control, satellite
ranging and monitoring. A total of 20 stations are planned, most of
them located at airports along with GAGAN ground elements.
• IRNSS will have the two Master Control Stations (MCS), which may be
co-located with GAGAN INMCC.
12.
13. Satellites
• Each IRNSS satellite will weigh about 1,380 kg and their solar
panels generate 1,400 Watt of power. The satellites will be
configured with an optimized I-1K bus (compatible for launch
onboard PSLV) with a power handling capability of around
1600W
• The satellite is designed for a nominal life of 7 years. Its payload
will consist of electronic equipment to generate navigation signals
and extremely accurate on-board atomic clocks.
14.
15. Progress
• The full constellation of 7 satellites is planned to be realized by
2015-16.
• Two satellites - IRNSS-1A and IRNSS-1B - have been already
launched. IRNSS-1C, IRNSS-1D, IRNSS-1E are scheduled to be
launched during FY 2014-15 on board PSLVs. By the middle of
2015, the IRNSS would be able to provide GPS services to Indian
users.
