The document discusses India's regional satellite navigation system called IRNSS. It provides a brief history of satellites, including India's first communication satellite Aryabhatta launched in 1975. It describes the range coverage of IRNSS as 1500-2000 km from the border with an orbital height of 36,000 km. The document outlines the components and configuration of IRNSS and explains how satellites stay in orbit through balance of velocity and gravitational pull. It concludes that satellites remain the best utilization for communication and other sectors due to their speed and advantages.

1. INDIAN SATELLITE SYSTEM-
IRNSS
SUBMITTED BY-
RAKESH KUMAR SINGH
1405420073
EE-32
SUBMITTED TO-
MRS. MRINALINI
SRIVASTAV

2. History of Satellites :
 First satellite that was used
for communication
purpose in INDIA was
-ARYABHATTA (19 April
1975)
 The first geostationary
communication satellite
-SYNCOM 3(19 Aug 1963).
 Father of geostationary
communication satellite is
-HAROLD ROSEN
(Aircraft engineer)
The world's first artificial satellite is the Sputnik 1
was launched in 1957

8. RANGE COVERAGE •Range coverage-
1500-2000 km
from border
•Orbital hight-
36000km

9. COMPONENTS OF SATELLITE

10. COUNTRIES WHOHAVE THEIROWN GPS

11. IRNSS CONFIGURATION

12. How Satellites Work :
I. A Earth Station
sends message in
GHz range (Uplink).
II. Satellite Receive and
retransmit signals
back. (Downlink)
III. Difference between
Downlink and
Uplink frequency is
2 GHz.

13. TYPES OF ORBITS
Low-Earth-Orbit (LEOs)
Medium-Earth-Orbit (MEOs)
Geostationary (GEOs)

14. Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO)
Altitude (600-1000 KM)
 satellite gives it a better
signal strength
Advantages:
Reduces transmission
delay
Disadvantages:
Smaller coverage area.
Shorter life span (5-8
yrs.)

15. Middle-Earth-Orbiting (MEO)
MEOs orbits between the
altitudes of 8,000 - 20,000 km
above the earth.
MEO satellites have a larger
coverage.
These orbits are primarily
reserved for communications
satellites that cover the North and
South Pole.
 MEOs are placed in an elliptical (oval-shaped)
orbit.

16. Geosynchronous-Earth-Orbit (GEO)
 From the ground level
the satellite appears
fixed.
 GEO satellites have a 24
hour view of a particular
area.
 Coverage to 40% of area
Of planet by this
satellite

17. How do satellites stay in orbit?
Satellites stay in orbit
due to the balance of
two factors:
i. Velocity and
ii. Gravitational pull between
the Earth and the satellite.
 Satellites never fall into
the Earth this because Earth
is round and curves.

18. Applications of IRNSS:
- Terrestrial, Aerial and
Marine Navigation.
- Disaster Management
- Vehicle tracking and
fleet management.

19.  Integration with
mobile phones.
Precise Timing
-Mapping and Geodetic
data capture
-Visual and voice
navigation for drivers

20. CONCLUCION
Satellites remain the best utilization used
for COMMUNICATION AND OTHER
SECTOR due to their speed and other
advantages mentioned in this
presentation.

21. THANK YOU