A study to bring forward the real situation of rapes in India. We at Juxt decided to understand public perception and actual reported crime data better.
Reason: We believed that there is lot more which needs to be told to the people of this country…
Continuously rising Rape, Sexual Assault & Domestic Violence triggers alarm for India. Here are some real facts, fact checked information researched personally by my team at K D Singh Foundation since we have started working on to make India a #RapeFreeNation.
Continuously rising Rape, Sexual Assault & Domestic Violence triggers alarm for India. Here are some real facts, fact checked information researched personally by my team at K D Singh Foundation since we have started working on to make India a #RapeFreeNation.
This report shows findings from a nationwide survey of Black men and police officers on the topic of racial bias in policing. The report also includes a detailed list of Verbatims from survey respondents.
The purpose of the study was to get opinions from those most impacted by the issue of racial bias in policing and to propose solutions.
Bad bad teacher! How judicial lenience, cultural ignorance, and media hype have inevitably lead to lighter sentences, underreporting and glamorization of female sex offenders - By: Stephanie S. Reidlinger
This Case study will help you to write ethical case study, Please go through complete notes for better understanding, I also discuss how to start a case study.
"Honour" crime involves violence, including murder, committed by people who want to defend the reputation of their family or community.Honour killing is the murder of a person accused of bringing shame upon his or her family.It happens worldwide, from South America to Asia.
about the brutal acid attacks that are now becoming every household story , this crime is not only seen in rural ares but its also happens often in metropolitan cities.
The Digital Wireless Telephony comprise of two main working technologies:
GSM which stands for Global System for Mobile Communication.
CDMA which stands for Code Division Multiple Access.
Rest is explained in the slides
This report shows findings from a nationwide survey of Black men and police officers on the topic of racial bias in policing. The report also includes a detailed list of Verbatims from survey respondents.
The purpose of the study was to get opinions from those most impacted by the issue of racial bias in policing and to propose solutions.
Bad bad teacher! How judicial lenience, cultural ignorance, and media hype have inevitably lead to lighter sentences, underreporting and glamorization of female sex offenders - By: Stephanie S. Reidlinger
This Case study will help you to write ethical case study, Please go through complete notes for better understanding, I also discuss how to start a case study.
"Honour" crime involves violence, including murder, committed by people who want to defend the reputation of their family or community.Honour killing is the murder of a person accused of bringing shame upon his or her family.It happens worldwide, from South America to Asia.
about the brutal acid attacks that are now becoming every household story , this crime is not only seen in rural ares but its also happens often in metropolitan cities.
The Digital Wireless Telephony comprise of two main working technologies:
GSM which stands for Global System for Mobile Communication.
CDMA which stands for Code Division Multiple Access.
Rest is explained in the slides
INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEM (IRNSS)Yelendher Reddy
1. THE BEGINNING
2. WHY?
3. SERVICES
4. ARCHITECTURE
5. SATELLITES
6. IRNSS COVERAGE
7. BENEFITS
Approved by Government of India in May 2006.
The total cost of the project is expected to be ₹1420 crore (US$209 million).
the full system comprises nine satellites.
3 satellites in GEO orbit.
4 satellites in GSO orbit.
2 on the ground as stand-by.
Third country in the world to have it’s own navigational system.
Indian military depending on American GPS during Wars.
includes the recent guidelines & methodology for exaamination of rape victim in india. very helpful for medical students, practising doctos, esp Govt doctors.
Individual and Community Predictors of Arrests in Canada: Evidence of Over-Po...Amy Alberton
Building on the foundational work by Alberton (2020) and David and Mitchell (2021), the following individual- and community-level hypotheses were tested using the 34th iteration of Canada’s General Social Survey (Statistics Canada, 2019): (1) Indigenous Peoples are more likely to have been arrested than White people. (2) People who have experienced extensive structural violence are more likely to have been arrested. (3) Indigenous Peoples who live in communities with prevalent concentrations of Indigenous Peoples are more likely to have been arrested, and this Indigenous disadvantage is greater than that observed in other places, (4) Indigenous females who live in Indigenous ethnic enclaves are the most likely to be arrested. To test community-level hypotheses, data from the 2016 Canadian census were linked to GSS individual-level data using dissemination area codes.
Bivariate analyses were undertaken to observe the magnitude and significance of the differences between Indigenous Peoples and White people. Logistic regression models were built to test the main predictive effects of ethnicity, gender, prevalence of Indigenous Peoples in communities, as well as all covariates. And full logistic models were used to test the hypothesized two-way (Indigenous ethnicity by Indigenous enclave) and three-way (gender by Indigenous ethnicity by Indigenous enclave) interactions.
All four hypotheses were supported. Indigenous Peoples were more than twice as likely to have been arrested than White people (OR = 2.04). Those who reported extensive structural violence were nearly five times as likely to be arrested (OR = 4.77) than those with no such experiences. Indigenous Peoples living in Indigenous enclaves were nearly five times as likely to be arrested than White people in similar communities (OR = 4.83). And Indigenous females who lived in Indigenous enclaves were nearly 20 times more likely to be arrested than otherwise similar, White females (OR = 19.88). Indigenous males in these communities were also disadvantaged relative to their White counterparts.
These findings suggest that over-policing contributes to overrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples across the Canadian criminal legal system. Greater attention must be paid, and action taken to mitigate the role that racial profiling and over-policing and playing in contributing to the overrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples across the entire Canadian criminal legal system.
Cirenia Chavez's presentation on Youth & Organised Crime in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Chavez presented the findings of her study at the International Academic Conference on Organized Crime and Gender 2018, hosted by Migration Policy Centre and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime.
RACE, ETHNICITY, VICTIMIZATION, AND OFFENDINGPerception AlleneMcclendon878
RACE, ETHNICITY, VICTIMIZATION,
AND OFFENDING
Perception versus reality
Different sources of data
Intraracial versus interracial
Implications of racial disparities
OVERVIEW
• The media and perceptions of crime
• The “typical” victim and “typical” offender
• What do the data say?
• Victimization surveys
• The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
• Offending data
• The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
• Self-report data
• Intra versus interracial crime
PERCEPTIONS OF CRIME
• Many factors shape how we think about crime and justice
• One factor is media portrayals of crime and offenders
• Media exerts a potentially powerful influence on public perceptions
• Unfortunately, the image the media creates is often wildly distorted
• Portray violent crime more than property crime
• Suggest ever-rising crime rates
• Some types of crimes, offenders, and/or victims capture more attention
• Racial hoaxes
• When someone fabricates a crime or falsely blames someone based on race/ethnicity
• Most racial hoaxes involve whites blaming African Americans
PERCEPTIONS V. EMPIRICAL REALITIES
Media Portrayals
• Typically focused on violent crime
• Often portray crime as an interracial
event with a white victim
• Often emphasize “gang” involvement
Empirical Data
• More than 80% of crimes reported to
the police are property crimes
• A disproportionate number of crime
victims are persons of color
• Crime is predominately intraracial
• Not all group activity is gang activity
DATA LIMITATIONS
• Unfortunately, available data suffer from several limitations
• Limited data on certain groups/types of crime
• Most data compares Whites and Blacks
• Hispanic/Latinx data slowly increasing
• Racial/ethnic categories may vary across jurisdictions
• White versus nonwhite dichotomy
• Lumps all “non-whites” together
• Assumes homogeneity within groups
• Data suited for description, not establishing causality
• Can tell us differences exist, but not why they exist in many cases
RACE,
ETHNICITY, AND
VICTIMIZATION
EXAMINING
DISPARITIES
NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY (NCVS)
• Most systematic source of victimization information in the U.S.
• Household survey designed to be representative of the entire nation
• Persons aged 12 and older are surveyed
• Survey conducted every 6 months; households surveyed for 3 years
• Information collected
• Victim info; victim perceptions of offender characteristics; context of the event
• Data restricted to selected major crimes
• Race and ethnicity self-reported at household and individual level
• White, African American, and “other”
• Hispanic and non-Hispanic
• Captures crime/victimization data not necessarily reported to the police
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF VICTIMIZATION
• Victimization is widespread
• NCVS estimates roughly 20 million victimizations a year (about 18.6 in 2019)
• 2019 violent victimization rate = 21.0 per 1,000 (7.3 per 1,000 excluding sim ...
Kenyans decry incessant corruption but reluctant to report incidentsAfrobarometer
In the second release of Afrobarometer Round 6 results on corruption, Two-Thirds (64%) in Kenya say that the level of corruption in the country has increased somewhat or a lot in the past year. See more in this presentation.
Sexual assault cases regularly make headlines and can potentially cause serious reputational harm to law enforcement agencies and police departments for mishandling the cases or not pursuing them vigorously enough.
Sexual assault cases regularly make headlines and can potentially cause serious reputational harm to law enforcement agencies and police departments for mishandling the cases or not pursuing them vigorously enough.
The picture on the left shows the latest developments in a long-term problem of sexual assault on college campuses. In June, Candice Johnson, OCR Acting Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights issued a memo that effectively stalled investigation of civil rights violations including sexual assault on campuses. A month later, Democratic Senators Kirsten Gillibrand from New York State and Claire McCaskill from Missouri urged Secretary of Education Betsy Devos to reverse this decision as unlawful because of failure to protect students under Title IX. Full text of the memo and Title IX, Sec. 1681 Sex are part of your lesson handout.
Similar problem with widespread sexual assault, and especially against minors, is a long-term problem at cruise ships. Because of the nature of cruise ships, there is no immediate response by law enforcement and the ship guards that investigate the matter are the cruise company’s employees therefore often unlikely to be of meaningful help to the victims. Jurisdiction can be federal, state or foreign, depending on the ship’s flag.
Finally, sexual violence in a workplace can be difficult to address because of the unequal relationship between parties and under-reporting. Recently, car company Tesla appeared in the news as a hostile workplace to women.
Very few of us know that 73% of the rape victims know the rapists. Moreover, 40% of rapes happen at victim’s home and 20% occur in the homes of familiar people.
It turned out that most of us have no idea about the effective precautions needed to protect ourselves from the traumatic experience, because we expect danger from a wrong source. A widespread belief is that one should expect a rapist to sit in the bushes in the park late at night, while the reality is different.
My colleague Paulina Grzelak and I were astonished while exploring this topic, as we were quite oblivious to the real situation as well. Therefore, we decided to make a small questionnaire and ask people what they think about rape.
This presentation begins with the analysis of what makes a person become a rapist, which is followed by the comparison of the results of the questionnaire with real data.
I would be grateful if you shared this presentation as many people need this knowledge.
I also want to add that most figures we present come from the States where definition of rape and social situation may differ from ours. Hence, comparing data from the U.S. with opinions from Poland and Ukraine may seem improper. For instance, being forced into sexual contact by husband may not even be recognized as rape in Ukraine, “because it’s his natural right”. And even if a wife admits this fact, social welfare system (which does not exist here, let’s face it) leaves her no option apart from remaining silent, while in the U.S. rape victims are less dependent on family members. Therefore, one has to approach the statistics carefully. Still, we believe that using American data can be justified by the fact that they explore the subject more than any other country.
122820211Chapter Two Defining Crimes and MeasurinCicelyBourqueju
12/28/2021
1
Chapter Two: Defining Crimes and
Measuring Criminal Behavior
-Slides and data in this outline are from Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2007, 2013,
2018 & 2022); Siegel (2015); and modified by Manning (2007, 2013, 2015, 2018
& 2022).
Scared Straight Program – 1978 Rahway Max Prison
-Politically motivated –fit the get tough on crime bill
-Three year post experiment study shows evidence must be evidence based
-Criminologists embrace a systematic empirical study of the nature and extent of crime.
Example of successful criminology research based policy:
-Domestic violence research between 1981-82 shows police counseling and temporary separation was
not effective.
-Now there are more mandatory arrest being made.
7 Basic Requirements for an Act to be a Crime
Defense must prove failure of a basic requirement
• 1. The act requirement – mind & Body
• Conscious act not an unconscious act or reaction
• Not a status or condition
• 2. The legality requirement – prohibited by law
• Thoughts without action – no crime
• Choosing to not fill out sex registration forms – is a crime
• Good Samaritan?
• 3. The harm requirement
• 4. The causation requirement
• Behavior in question caused the harm – not a 3rd party
• 5. The mens rea requirement (guilty mind)
• 6. The concurrence requirement
• Must be a criminal act with criminal intent (Ex: striker – rock –window)
• Exceptions – felony murder
• 7. The punishment requirement – its must already exist
12/28/2021
2
Criminal defense negates basic ingredients of
crime.
• Crime – must be known to the police
• Not all crimes reported are cleared
• DA will not always prosecute
• Defense negation of crime elements examples:
• Insanity defense; legality requirement lacking; duress, self-defense.
• State tries cases on behalf of the state
• Victims can file civil law suits for pain and suffering
Typologies of Crime
• The French created the following three categories accepted
worldwide
• Felonies - severe
• Misdemeanors – minor
• Violation - fines
• As Criminologist we will also focus on the following
• Violent crime
• Crimes against property
• White collar and corporate crime
• Drug, alcohol and sex-related crime
12/28/2021
3
Reasons for Measuring Crime
• Researchers collect and analyze data to test theories about why
people commit crime.
• Researchers and criminal justice agencies need to enhance their
knowledge of the characteristics of various types of offenses.
• Criminal justice agencies depend on certain information to facilitate
daily operations and anticipate future needs.
The Research Process
• Topic – research question
• Theory: is a set of principles that explain how 2 or more phenomena
are related
• May choose to use a hypothesis or not.
• Methodology (qualitative vs. quantitative)
• Will you use secondary data or primary data
• Analysis
• What did you do, findings, discussions and conclusions
12/28/2021
4
Exploring and defin ...
12/28/2021
1
Chapter Two: Defining Crimes and
Measuring Criminal Behavior
-Slides and data in this outline are from Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2007, 2013,
2018 & 2022); Siegel (2015); and modified by Manning (2007, 2013, 2015, 2018
& 2022).
Scared Straight Program – 1978 Rahway Max Prison
-Politically motivated –fit the get tough on crime bill
-Three year post experiment study shows evidence must be evidence based
-Criminologists embrace a systematic empirical study of the nature and extent of crime.
Example of successful criminology research based policy:
-Domestic violence research between 1981-82 shows police counseling and temporary separation was
not effective.
-Now there are more mandatory arrest being made.
7 Basic Requirements for an Act to be a Crime
Defense must prove failure of a basic requirement
• 1. The act requirement – mind & Body
• Conscious act not an unconscious act or reaction
• Not a status or condition
• 2. The legality requirement – prohibited by law
• Thoughts without action – no crime
• Choosing to not fill out sex registration forms – is a crime
• Good Samaritan?
• 3. The harm requirement
• 4. The causation requirement
• Behavior in question caused the harm – not a 3rd party
• 5. The mens rea requirement (guilty mind)
• 6. The concurrence requirement
• Must be a criminal act with criminal intent (Ex: striker – rock –window)
• Exceptions – felony murder
• 7. The punishment requirement – its must already exist
12/28/2021
2
Criminal defense negates basic ingredients of
crime.
• Crime – must be known to the police
• Not all crimes reported are cleared
• DA will not always prosecute
• Defense negation of crime elements examples:
• Insanity defense; legality requirement lacking; duress, self-defense.
• State tries cases on behalf of the state
• Victims can file civil law suits for pain and suffering
Typologies of Crime
• The French created the following three categories accepted
worldwide
• Felonies - severe
• Misdemeanors – minor
• Violation - fines
• As Criminologist we will also focus on the following
• Violent crime
• Crimes against property
• White collar and corporate crime
• Drug, alcohol and sex-related crime
12/28/2021
3
Reasons for Measuring Crime
• Researchers collect and analyze data to test theories about why
people commit crime.
• Researchers and criminal justice agencies need to enhance their
knowledge of the characteristics of various types of offenses.
• Criminal justice agencies depend on certain information to facilitate
daily operations and anticipate future needs.
The Research Process
• Topic – research question
• Theory: is a set of principles that explain how 2 or more phenomena
are related
• May choose to use a hypothesis or not.
• Methodology (qualitative vs. quantitative)
• Will you use secondary data or primary data
• Analysis
• What did you do, findings, discussions and conclusions
12/28/2021
4
Exploring and defin ...
Similar to Rape in India - A study by Juxt in public interest (20)
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
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#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
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CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Rape in India - A study by Juxt in public interest
1. Rape in India
A study to bring forward the real situation in
India
An initiative of in public interest.
2. 16th Dec. incidence led to spontaneous
public outrage
• More than few 1000 Hours of airtime
was spent on TV discussing the issue
• More than 1000s of column centimeters
of newspaper space was dedicated to
this
• Hundreds of thousands of people spoke
on social media about the issue
• Opinion leaders including
journalists, politicians, celebrities, religio
us leaders spoke about it
• The general public took to the streets to
express their outrage
• Everyone had their reasons to contribute
their bit to it
Tag cloud created out of actual words used in social media between
16th Dec to 31st Dec 12, Source: Drizzlin Social Media Research
2
3. We at Juxt decided to understand
public perception and actual
reported crime data better.
Reason: We believed that there is lot
more which needs to be told to the
people of this country…
4. We launched a study…
• 25th December 2012 to 5th January 2013 among a random
sample (from our GetCounted Panel; and YouMint & Dinamalar
graciously helped)
• Made this sample representative of the “Urban Indian
Population” by applying appropriate multipliers derived by
comparing our sample with that of Indian Census 2011
estimates of Urban Indian population within every state
• Juxt’s survey among 5934 urban Indians demographically
represents 257.2 million urban individuals (68%
representation) out of the total 377 million urban
population
4
5. We also analyzed Govt. of India Crime
data
• National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) has been
compiling reported crime in the country since 1950
• This data available in the public domain may not
include all crimes or for that matter crimes against
women and more specifically all “Rape” cases in the
country reported at police stations, however it is good
enough to understand public perception against reality
• In fact we found some startling findings from this data
when we analyzed statistics related to rape between
2001 and 2011
5
7. NCRB data shows that rape has grown one
and a half times over last one decade…
• In 2001 rape was 7% of all violent crimes in India, in 2011 it is 9%
• While violent crime has grown 11% from 2001, rape has grown 51%
(Indian population has grown by 16% during the period)
16075 16373 15847 18233 18359 19348 20737 21467 21397 22172 24206
230930
221810
196550
208736
202640
205656
215613
228663
230500
241986
256329
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rape in India
All Violent Crime in India
Source: NCRB, Violent Crimes, Incidence & Rate of violent Crimes (State/ UT & City wise) # RAPE (6), # TOTAL VIOLENT CRIMES (14) 7
8. Situation in some states is alarming
8
• In MP, reported rape
incidents have grown by
10% on an average every
year (2001-11 )
• The fastest growth of
reported rape incidences
(states reporting more than
30 cases in 2011) are
reported from
Tripura, Mizoram and
Madhya Pradesh
• For every 1 lakh people
Mizoram reported 7.1 rape
cases, Tripura (5.6), Assam
(5.5), MP (4.7), Meghalaya
(4.4), Chhattisgarh (4.1) in
year 2011
• Gujarat, Manipur and TN
had lowest growth in rapes
in that period
• Gujarat, Bihar have the
lowest rates (less than 1
per 1 lakh population)
Source: NCRB, Violent Crimes, Incidence & Rate of violent Crimes (State/ UT & City wise) # RAPE (6), 2011 Census
9. Rapes have grown faster in cities
• Bangalore, Chennai, Surat and Jaipur have seen
rapes more than double between 2001 and 2011
• Delhi’s rate (4.1 rape incidents per 1 lakh
population) is more than double that of any of the
other seven large cities
• Kollam (Kerala) has the highest reported rape
incidence (14 rape incidents per 1 lakh population)
9
Source: NCRB, Violent Crimes, Incidence & Rate of violent Crimes (State/ UT & City wise) # RAPE (6), 2011 Census
10. Unfortunately minors form 1/3rd of all
rape victims in this country…
• Though at overall
level minors as a
percentage of victims
looks like going down
over 10 years yet in
as many as 10
states/UTs, minors
constituted more
than half of the total
rape victims in 2011
• Both in Delhi (60%)
and Mumbai
(50%), majority of
reported rape victims
were minors
3% 3%
9% 7%
24%
19%
49%
55%
14% 15%
0.4% 1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2001 2011
Above 50 years
30 to 50 years
18 to 30 years
14 to 18 years
10 to 14 years
Up to 10 years
10
Source: NCRB, Crime Against Women, Victims of Rape (also incest Rape cases) under
Different Age-Groups (State, UT & City-wise) # Age-Group-Wise Victims of Rape Cases
11. There are 15 states where 30%+ of the
victims reported rape in 2011 were
minors
11
• Mizoram, Delhi, UP, Meghalay
a and Maharashtra are states
where in 2011 almost half or
more victims were minors
• It is sad to find that in five
states at least 10% or more
victims are less than 10 years
oldSource: NCRB, Crime Against Women, Victims of
Rape (also incest Rape cases) under Different
Age-Groups (State, UT & City-wise)
# Age-Group-Wise Victims of Rape Cases
12. In Raipur 100% of the reported rape
victims in 2011 were minors
12
• There are at least 25 big towns where in 2011 more than 48% of victims were minors
(less than 18 years old)
• There are 5 towns where in 1/5th or more cases reported victims were less than 10 years
old
• In Kannnur and Chandigarh, 1/4th of the reported rape victims are less than 10 years old
Source: NCRB, Crime Against Women, Victims of
Rape (also incest Rape cases) under Different
Age-Groups (State, UT & City-wise)
# Age-Group-Wise Victims of Rape Cases
13. 42% urban Indians believe that law & order
situation has deteriorated
13
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 4.3 3.8 7.9 6.0 2.3 1.4
19.3 17.4
22.7
0.0
16.2
22.7
30.8
13.3
28.9
23.0 29.3
11.9 55.6
16.8
12.2
22.2
20.5
8.0
23.1
28.5
13.6
17.2
32.4
16.8
19.4
29.9
56.4
12.4
10.0
16.7
0.8
11.9
23.6
6.9
17.2
2.2
22.2
14.9
35.1
26.4
22.7 24.7
20.7 19.2
4.6
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
All Male Female Up to 18
yrs
19-24
yrs
25-35
yrs
36-45
yrs
46-55
yrs
Above
55 yrs
Don't know
Improved (become
better)
Remained good
Remained bad
Deteriorated (gone
worse)
Juxt Survey: Q. The law & order situation in your locality over last one year has:
• In our survey of
5934 people
equivalent of
25Cr urban
Indians, 23% of
females feel
that the law
and order
situation has
deteriorated
• Most of the 36
to 45 yrs. (52%)
old believe it
has
deteriorated
14. People blame rape on light punishment
• Our survey respondents blamed “light punishment” as the biggest reason
• In North & South, respondents said societal attitude is the second biggest reason; in
East & West, crimes not being reported, is identified as a big reason
14
53.7
50.0
60.5
54.7
46.4
40.0
19.9
20.6
18.6
19.2
25.5
29.8
15.7 18.4
10.9
15.8
15.2
13.1
8.3 8.8 7.6 8.0 10.5 15.8
2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.2
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
All Male Female Up to
Graduate
Grad/PG
(General)
Grad/PG
(Professional)
Others
Because of lack of
conviction in such
cases
Because most rapes
don't get reported
It is a reflection of
the attitude towards
women
Because of light
punishment
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 23.1 2.2 0.5
Juxt Survey Q. What according to you is the biggest reason?
15. They think stricter punishment is the
solution
• There is a
gender divide
when it comes
to other
solutions.
Women believe
respect for
women at
home will help;
men think
better
conviction rate
is the solution
• Young seek a
legal solution;
older (46+)
think
fundamental
changes are
needed
15
81.6 82.8
79.5 81.0
87.5 87.2
42.1 40.6
45.0
41.4
47.7
51.3
39.0
32.5
50.6
38.8 39.7
43.0
33.8 35.4
31.1
34.3
29.9 31.029.3
31.8
24.7
28.4
35.1
45.6
14.5 15.5
12.7 14.2
17.1
15.0
13.4 11.1
17.4
13.0
17.1
14.4
2.3 3.3
0.4
2.4 1.1
3.1
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
All Male Female Up to
Graduate
Grad/PG
(General)
Grad/PG
(Professional)
Stricter punishment for criminals Right education
Respect to women at home Educate & empower women
Better rate of conviction of accused Political power for women
Financial independence for women Others
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 23.1 2.2 0.5
Juxt Survey: Q. What do you think is the solution?
16. However, proportion of offenders known to
victims is been going up!
• In more than 90% of cases, the offenders were known to the victims
• In 40% of the cases, they were family members or neighbours
• Absolute number of neighbours as offenders has gone up by 81% over 2001
16
16%
7%
84%
93%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2001 2011
Offender
known to
victim
Offenders
unknown
to victim
49.1% 53.2%
26.9%
32.4%
5.3%
6.4%
2.7%
1.1%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
2001 2011
Parents/Clos
e Family
Members
Relatives
Neightbour
Other known
person
Source: NCRB, Crime Against Women, Offenders Relation & Nearness to Rape Victims (State, UT & City-wise)
17. Key Question:
If of the reported cases, 93% offenders are
known to victims then how many cases in this
country goes unreported?
17
18. People think right punishment is ‘death penalty’
or ‘castration’
18
47
42
55
48
56
50
46
27
33
34
34
34
40 26
30
28
52
50
15
19
9 12
15
14
21
16 9
1 1
0
0
1
1
1 0
2
4 4 2 0 2
5 4 4 7
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total
Male
Female
Upto18yrs
19-24yrs
25-35yrs
36-45yrs
46-55yrs
Above55yrs
Others
Current punishment is
ok
Life imprisonment
Castration/any other
such punishment that
humiliates them
Capital punishment
(death)
Juxt survey: Q. What do you think is the right punishment for the rapists?
• Cutting across all
groups, majority of
the respondents
ask for stricter
punishment.
• As many as 55% of
females seek death
penalty for the
rapists, with little
variation across any
group
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 4.3 3.8 7.9 6.0 2.3 1.4
19. In fact, for last 10 years about 74% of the reported
rape offenders never got convicted in India… @#$%
• Only riots have a
lowest conviction
rate among violent
crimes
• Speed of trial is the
other big issue. 84%
of the rape cases
that the courts
received (including
those pending from
previous years) were
pending at the end
of 2011
19
93.1 94.7 94 94.2 95.5 NA 94.6 93.9 94.2 94.5 93.8
26.1 26.4 26.1 25.2 25.5
NA
26.4 26.6 26.9 26.6 26.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rape case charge sheet filing rate
Rape case final conviction rate
Source: NCRB, Disposal of Cases by Police & courts, Chargesheeting rate of IPC Crimes (State/UT wise, Crime Head-wise), Conviction rate of
IPC crimes (State & UT wise, Crime Head wise), Data for year 2006 is not available
20. Key Question:
Isn’t it more important to bring the offenders
to book first rather than get the punishment
rule changed?
20
21. We have a bigger problem -- "every one out of five
violent crimes committed by juveniles is a rape"
• Rape is the second biggest violent crime committed by juveniles (grown
188% over 2001)
• About 64% of all juvenile crimes are committed by 16-18 year olds
• In fact, the total crimes committed by 7-16 year olds have actually
come down between 2001-2011
21
Source: NCRB, Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Delinquency under different Crime Heads (IPC) (State, UT & City wise); Juveniles Apprehended
under IPC Crimes by Age Groups & Sex (State, UT & City wise)
399 485 466 568 586 746 776 798 858 1149
16075 16373 15847 18233 18359 19348 20737 21467 21397 22172 24206
23597 25016 24709 24740 25379 26899 29771 30962 28977 27471 30766
230930 221810 196550 208736 202640 205656 215613 228663 230500 241986 256329
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
LogarithimicScale
Rape offender is a Juvenile
Total rape cases
Total Juvenile apprehended
Total Violent Offence
Growth over 2001
- 188%
- 51%
- 30%
- 11%
22. Key Question:
Is the crime by juveniles are really growing or
it is the lawyers who use it as an easy route?
22
23. Thankfully, one third of us have hope
for positive changes…
23Juxt Survey Q. Do you think after all the protests, the govt. will_____?
• The older they are the more expectation they have from the recent protest
• Relatively more females believe that the protest will lead Govt. to surely do
something substantial to tackle the issue
Projected Base (in Cr.) 25.7 16.5 9.3 4.3 3.8 7.9 6.0 2.3 1.4
36.1 31.8
43.8
27.1
46.8
38.6
32.3
45.6
22.3
29.7 35.2
20.0 53.7
24.0
27.8
24.3
15.6
27.8
12.3
15.1
7.4
18.4
11.6
9.7
15.4 3.3
11.4
21.9 18.0
28.8
0.8
17.6
24.0 28.0
35.5 38.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
All
Male
Female
Upto18
yrs
19-24yrs
25-35yrs
36-45yrs
46-55yrs
Above55
yrs
Surely do something
substantial to tackle the
issue
Will manage to improve
the situation to some
extent
Will take some steps on
paper but that will not
result in much
Will act on this case but
will not do any major
systemic change
24. Looks like we have a much bigger
problems to deal with… than just
asking to change some
punishment rules.
Thank you.
24
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