This document describes a smart trolley system with automated billing. The system uses an Arduino, barcode scanner, IR sensor, driver circuit and DC motor. It allows customers to scan items with the barcode scanner as they shop to automatically calculate the running total on an LCD display. An IR sensor counts the total number of items. The motorized trolley can be remotely controlled, reducing manual pushing. This proposed smart trolley aims to reduce customer waiting times at billing counters and the physical effort of pushing trolleys.
The document is a production drawing that lists parts for the initial issue of a skidded helicopter tug gearbox assembly. It includes the sub assembly number, part number, and description for each component. There are a total of 90 components described in the production drawing breakdown.
This document provides an overview of a technical report on the design of a Delta robot. It discusses the key components of Delta robots including their architecture, kinematic modeling, applications, and various manufacturers. It also describes the proposed design of the Delta robot covered in the report, which includes 3D printing end effector parts and integrating motion control and image recognition for robotic competitions. The document contains detailed information on the kinematic modeling and system implementation of the designed Delta robot.
The document discusses various types of velocity and speed sensors. It describes tachometers, which measure rotational speed using AC or DC generators. A laser surface velocimeter uses the Doppler effect to measure speed on moving surfaces without contact. Piezoelectric sensors convert changes in velocity, pressure, or other factors into an electrical charge. Accelerometers measure proper acceleration by detecting changes in velocity over time.
The document provides information about maintaining a lathe machine. It discusses the basic parts of a lathe including the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, lead screw, and quick change gear mechanism. It also describes common lathe accessories such as centers, chucks, faceplates, and driving plates. The document is intended to educate readers on the components and maintenance of lathe machines.
DETERMINATION OF SOUND LEVEL IN DIFFERENT WORKPLACESAquib Rahman
This document summarizes an experiment measuring sound levels around a horizontal milling machine. Sound levels were measured at six points around the machine, ranging from 20 to 57 cm away, and all measured 80 dB. A noise contour map was created to visualize the sound levels around the machine. The discussion notes that excessive noise in workplaces can negatively impact worker safety, output, and satisfaction. This experiment aimed to measure sound levels and identify any areas exceeding recommended limits to improve workplace ergonomics, safety and productivity.
Taper turning methods are discussed in this document. It describes different taper turning techniques used in lathe machines such as compound rest method, offset tailstock method, and taper attachment method. The document provides details on how each method works and when they should be used for turning tapers of various shapes and sizes.
Mechanicaal workshop gorakhpur summer training reporthmthimanshu
This document provides an industrial training report from North Eastern Railway Gorakhpur workshop. It includes an acknowledgement, abstract, introduction on Indian Railways, and sections on the machine shop, painting shop, spring shop, heat treatment shop, jigs and fixtures shop, and shell shop. The report describes the various processes, equipment, and purposes of each shop area within the workshop.
The document discusses different types of drive systems including electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic. It provides details on the basic working principles of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, which use enclosed fluids and pressure to generate motion and force. Hydraulic systems use high-density liquids and pumps to transfer pressure through fluid, while pneumatic systems use compressed air. Both systems have advantages like precision and power transfer, though pneumatic systems tend to have lower costs and maintenance needs. Examples of applications that commonly use hydraulic and pneumatic drive systems are also outlined.
The document is a production drawing that lists parts for the initial issue of a skidded helicopter tug gearbox assembly. It includes the sub assembly number, part number, and description for each component. There are a total of 90 components described in the production drawing breakdown.
This document provides an overview of a technical report on the design of a Delta robot. It discusses the key components of Delta robots including their architecture, kinematic modeling, applications, and various manufacturers. It also describes the proposed design of the Delta robot covered in the report, which includes 3D printing end effector parts and integrating motion control and image recognition for robotic competitions. The document contains detailed information on the kinematic modeling and system implementation of the designed Delta robot.
The document discusses various types of velocity and speed sensors. It describes tachometers, which measure rotational speed using AC or DC generators. A laser surface velocimeter uses the Doppler effect to measure speed on moving surfaces without contact. Piezoelectric sensors convert changes in velocity, pressure, or other factors into an electrical charge. Accelerometers measure proper acceleration by detecting changes in velocity over time.
The document provides information about maintaining a lathe machine. It discusses the basic parts of a lathe including the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, lead screw, and quick change gear mechanism. It also describes common lathe accessories such as centers, chucks, faceplates, and driving plates. The document is intended to educate readers on the components and maintenance of lathe machines.
DETERMINATION OF SOUND LEVEL IN DIFFERENT WORKPLACESAquib Rahman
This document summarizes an experiment measuring sound levels around a horizontal milling machine. Sound levels were measured at six points around the machine, ranging from 20 to 57 cm away, and all measured 80 dB. A noise contour map was created to visualize the sound levels around the machine. The discussion notes that excessive noise in workplaces can negatively impact worker safety, output, and satisfaction. This experiment aimed to measure sound levels and identify any areas exceeding recommended limits to improve workplace ergonomics, safety and productivity.
Taper turning methods are discussed in this document. It describes different taper turning techniques used in lathe machines such as compound rest method, offset tailstock method, and taper attachment method. The document provides details on how each method works and when they should be used for turning tapers of various shapes and sizes.
Mechanicaal workshop gorakhpur summer training reporthmthimanshu
This document provides an industrial training report from North Eastern Railway Gorakhpur workshop. It includes an acknowledgement, abstract, introduction on Indian Railways, and sections on the machine shop, painting shop, spring shop, heat treatment shop, jigs and fixtures shop, and shell shop. The report describes the various processes, equipment, and purposes of each shop area within the workshop.
The document discusses different types of drive systems including electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic. It provides details on the basic working principles of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, which use enclosed fluids and pressure to generate motion and force. Hydraulic systems use high-density liquids and pumps to transfer pressure through fluid, while pneumatic systems use compressed air. Both systems have advantages like precision and power transfer, though pneumatic systems tend to have lower costs and maintenance needs. Examples of applications that commonly use hydraulic and pneumatic drive systems are also outlined.
This document discusses cutting speed in machining processes. It states that selecting the correct cutting speed can save time and costs while also contributing to quality and surface finish. Maintaining the proper cutting speed helps tools last longer without needing frequent sharpening and maximizes machining without damaging tools or machines. Cutting speed depends on factors like workpiece diameter, depth of cut, feed rate, workpiece and tool material. Equations are provided to calculate spindle speed based on cutting speed and diameter. Machining time can be determined based on the original and final diameters, depth of cut, spindle speed, feed rate, workpiece length, and cutting speed.
It is a system that is generally used to clean the whiteboard automatically with the help of duster. By the use of this automatic system we can save our time and energy. It is a new technology that is generally used now a day. A system for cleaning the whiteboard wherein a duster is mounted for longitudinal movement on the board and a hand wheel is mounted that is mechanically interconnected to a drive assembly for producing the movement of the duster in an erasing operation. It will use the bevel gear, chain and sprocket mechanism to convert the rotary motion of hand wheel into linear motion of duster.
Design of gear box for Machine Tool Application (3 stage & 12 speed ) by Saga...Sagar Dhotare
This presentation covers the following points:-
Requirements of gear box for Machine Tool Application
Basic Considerations in the Design of Multi-Speed Gear Box
Determination of Variable Speed Range
1. Arithmetic Progression (AP)
2. Geometric Progression (GP)
3. Harmonic Progression (HP)
Selection of Range Ratio (RN)
Selection of GP Ratio (∅)
Structure Formula
Structure Diagram
Ray Diagram
Rules and Guidelines For Gear Box Layout
Some Gear Box Layout
Material handling (MH) makes use of the robot's simple capability to transport objects. By fitting the robot with an appropriate end of arm tool (e.g. gripper), the robot can efficiently and accurately move product from one location to another.
Robot is a Machine designed to execute one or more tasks automatically by means of variable programmed motions with high speed and precision.
robot are essential in now day to manufacturing industries. it's widely used in automobile industries, aerospace, in foundry industries, manufacturing industries. main benefit of robots is it's gives high accuracy, more flexibility, reliable, also used to produce things at large scale in short period of duration. another benefits are it's works easily in hazardous environment, also at high temperature.
Introduction
Types of end effectors
Mechanical gripper
Other types of grippers
Tools as end effectors
The Robot/End effectors interface
Considerations in gripper selection and design
The document discusses several measures of a robot's precision of movement:
1. Spatial resolution refers to the smallest increment of movement the robot can make and depends on control resolution and mechanical inaccuracies like elastic deflection.
2. Accuracy refers to the robot's ability to position its wrist at a desired target point within its work volume and is one-half the spatial resolution.
3. Repeatability refers to the robot's ability to return to a previously taught point in space when commanded.
The document discusses lathe safety and operation. It provides several safety tips for using lathes, such as securely holding work pieces, not leaving machines running unattended, and cleaning machines properly. It also describes common lathe types, operations like parting off and turning, tool setup, and cutting tool materials like coated carbide inserts. The document aims to educate users on safely and properly using lathes.
difference of NC and CNC ,Part programming,Methods of manual part programming,Basic CNC input data,Preparatory Functions ,Miscellaneous Functions,Interpolation:Canned cycles:part programming on component,Tool length compensation,Cutter Radius,Task compensation:Types of media of NC
The document discusses different types of end effectors used in robotics, specifically focusing on grippers. It describes two main types of end effectors - grippers and tools. Grippers are used for holding parts and objects, and come in several varieties, including mechanical grippers, hooks/scoops, magnetic grippers, vacuum grippers, expandable bladder grippers, and adhesive grippers. Each type is suited to different applications and has unique advantages and limitations. The document provides details on the design and use of each gripper type.
This document provides details about the internship of Shehryar Ali at Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) from July 16th to August 16th at the University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila. HIT is Pakistan's largest manufacturer of tanks, armored personnel carriers, and guns. The internship was in the DESCOM sub-factory, which manufactures components using various machines like CNC lathes and milling machines. The document describes the operations, specifications, and manufacturing processes at DESCOM and other shops visited, such as tool manufacturing.
Pneumatic Sheet Metal Shearing Machine - Project reportTejas Inamdar
Hi,
here is a report on Pneumatic Sheet Metal Shearing Machine,
done by us,
if any one wants further detail about it, please contact me on my email -
inamdar.tejas421@gmail.com
The document discusses milling fixtures and their components. Milling fixtures securely hold workpieces for milling operations. They have locating elements to precisely position workpieces and clamping elements to securely hold them against cutting forces. Key components of milling fixtures include a base, tenons to locate the fixture on the machine table, setting blocks to position cutters, and clamps or vices to hold workpieces in place. Different types of milling fixtures are used for operations like face milling or gang milling and can have mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems.
Project documents on weight optimization of lathe bedCollege
we have to select the various material of lathe and remove it and use different material apart from it in order to get better property of lathe bed and reduce the cost.
APT stands for Automatically Programmed Tool. It is a language that defines the tool path with respect to the part
geometry, and often forms the basis for post-processor generated NC files.
Project report design and analysis of automatic manually operated ecoShivam Shukla
This document is a project report submitted by Divyanshu Shukla to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report details the design and analysis of a manually operated, eco-friendly road cleaner. It includes chapters on the introduction, literature review, design of the road cleaner including 3D modeling and component selection, fabrication techniques, working and analysis. The aim of the project was to develop an alternative to conventional road cleaning machines that are costly and use fuels that cause pollution. The designed machine uses human power and locally available, low-cost materials to provide a more sustainable and economical option for road cleaning.
According to ISO 1940/1:
- ISO 1940/1 defines balance quality grades (G values) that represent the maximum permissible vibration caused by unbalance at operating speeds. Lower G values indicate better balance quality requirements.
- Specific unbalance is the product of the rotor's center of gravity displacement and angular velocity. It is measured in units like mm/s.
- Maximum permissible residual unbalance (Uper) is calculated based on factors like specific unbalance, rotor weight, balancing radius, and rotor geometry. Formulas are provided to calculate Uper for general, symmetrical, overhung, and narrow rotors.
This document describes the components and working of a surface grinding machine. It discusses the principle, types including horizontal and vertical spindle machines, working, and equipment. The key components are the grinding wheel, workholding chuck, and reciprocating or rotary table. The wheel rotates to grind the flat surface of a workpiece held securely in the chuck. Factors like material and wheel selection influence the process. Precision grinding provides smooth, flat surfaces for functional purposes.
This report summarizes a lathe machine. It begins with an introduction on the history of lathes and the difference between manufacturing and production. It then discusses the construction details of various types of lathes. The report outlines the materials used for cutting tools and safe operation of lathes. Selection criteria for choosing a lathe machine is presented. Finally, dangers, safety practices, and maintenance of lathe machines are covered. Photos further illustrate the details of lathe machines.
IRJET - Compactness based Traffic Signal Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a compactness-based traffic signal monitoring system that uses IoT devices like IR sensors and Arduino boards. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion by monitoring vehicle density using IR sensors on roads and dynamically adjusting traffic light timing slots accordingly. It allows emergency vehicles to get priority access through the use of RFID tags. The system is designed to operate in both automatic and manual modes. It was tested and found to control traffic signals as intended based on real-time vehicle density readings from IR sensors. The proposed approach aims to provide more efficient traffic flow management compared to traditional fixed-timing traffic light systems.
Automatic Intelligent Traffic Controller and Operation ModeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an automatic intelligent traffic controller system that uses IR sensors and an Arduino board to control traffic lights and road spikes based on vehicle density and emergencies. IR sensors placed on the roadside measure vehicle input and output counts to determine traffic density. Higher density lanes will get longer green lights. In emergencies, IR sensors on an ambulance can trigger green lights and deactivate road spikes 50 yards before intersections. The system aims to reduce traffic and wasted time compared to traditional time-based controls. It uses an Arduino as the main controller, an LCD to display traffic data, LEDs for traffic lights, motors to control road spikes, and IR sensors to detect vehicles and emergencies.
This document discusses cutting speed in machining processes. It states that selecting the correct cutting speed can save time and costs while also contributing to quality and surface finish. Maintaining the proper cutting speed helps tools last longer without needing frequent sharpening and maximizes machining without damaging tools or machines. Cutting speed depends on factors like workpiece diameter, depth of cut, feed rate, workpiece and tool material. Equations are provided to calculate spindle speed based on cutting speed and diameter. Machining time can be determined based on the original and final diameters, depth of cut, spindle speed, feed rate, workpiece length, and cutting speed.
It is a system that is generally used to clean the whiteboard automatically with the help of duster. By the use of this automatic system we can save our time and energy. It is a new technology that is generally used now a day. A system for cleaning the whiteboard wherein a duster is mounted for longitudinal movement on the board and a hand wheel is mounted that is mechanically interconnected to a drive assembly for producing the movement of the duster in an erasing operation. It will use the bevel gear, chain and sprocket mechanism to convert the rotary motion of hand wheel into linear motion of duster.
Design of gear box for Machine Tool Application (3 stage & 12 speed ) by Saga...Sagar Dhotare
This presentation covers the following points:-
Requirements of gear box for Machine Tool Application
Basic Considerations in the Design of Multi-Speed Gear Box
Determination of Variable Speed Range
1. Arithmetic Progression (AP)
2. Geometric Progression (GP)
3. Harmonic Progression (HP)
Selection of Range Ratio (RN)
Selection of GP Ratio (∅)
Structure Formula
Structure Diagram
Ray Diagram
Rules and Guidelines For Gear Box Layout
Some Gear Box Layout
Material handling (MH) makes use of the robot's simple capability to transport objects. By fitting the robot with an appropriate end of arm tool (e.g. gripper), the robot can efficiently and accurately move product from one location to another.
Robot is a Machine designed to execute one or more tasks automatically by means of variable programmed motions with high speed and precision.
robot are essential in now day to manufacturing industries. it's widely used in automobile industries, aerospace, in foundry industries, manufacturing industries. main benefit of robots is it's gives high accuracy, more flexibility, reliable, also used to produce things at large scale in short period of duration. another benefits are it's works easily in hazardous environment, also at high temperature.
Introduction
Types of end effectors
Mechanical gripper
Other types of grippers
Tools as end effectors
The Robot/End effectors interface
Considerations in gripper selection and design
The document discusses several measures of a robot's precision of movement:
1. Spatial resolution refers to the smallest increment of movement the robot can make and depends on control resolution and mechanical inaccuracies like elastic deflection.
2. Accuracy refers to the robot's ability to position its wrist at a desired target point within its work volume and is one-half the spatial resolution.
3. Repeatability refers to the robot's ability to return to a previously taught point in space when commanded.
The document discusses lathe safety and operation. It provides several safety tips for using lathes, such as securely holding work pieces, not leaving machines running unattended, and cleaning machines properly. It also describes common lathe types, operations like parting off and turning, tool setup, and cutting tool materials like coated carbide inserts. The document aims to educate users on safely and properly using lathes.
difference of NC and CNC ,Part programming,Methods of manual part programming,Basic CNC input data,Preparatory Functions ,Miscellaneous Functions,Interpolation:Canned cycles:part programming on component,Tool length compensation,Cutter Radius,Task compensation:Types of media of NC
The document discusses different types of end effectors used in robotics, specifically focusing on grippers. It describes two main types of end effectors - grippers and tools. Grippers are used for holding parts and objects, and come in several varieties, including mechanical grippers, hooks/scoops, magnetic grippers, vacuum grippers, expandable bladder grippers, and adhesive grippers. Each type is suited to different applications and has unique advantages and limitations. The document provides details on the design and use of each gripper type.
This document provides details about the internship of Shehryar Ali at Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) from July 16th to August 16th at the University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila. HIT is Pakistan's largest manufacturer of tanks, armored personnel carriers, and guns. The internship was in the DESCOM sub-factory, which manufactures components using various machines like CNC lathes and milling machines. The document describes the operations, specifications, and manufacturing processes at DESCOM and other shops visited, such as tool manufacturing.
Pneumatic Sheet Metal Shearing Machine - Project reportTejas Inamdar
Hi,
here is a report on Pneumatic Sheet Metal Shearing Machine,
done by us,
if any one wants further detail about it, please contact me on my email -
inamdar.tejas421@gmail.com
The document discusses milling fixtures and their components. Milling fixtures securely hold workpieces for milling operations. They have locating elements to precisely position workpieces and clamping elements to securely hold them against cutting forces. Key components of milling fixtures include a base, tenons to locate the fixture on the machine table, setting blocks to position cutters, and clamps or vices to hold workpieces in place. Different types of milling fixtures are used for operations like face milling or gang milling and can have mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems.
Project documents on weight optimization of lathe bedCollege
we have to select the various material of lathe and remove it and use different material apart from it in order to get better property of lathe bed and reduce the cost.
APT stands for Automatically Programmed Tool. It is a language that defines the tool path with respect to the part
geometry, and often forms the basis for post-processor generated NC files.
Project report design and analysis of automatic manually operated ecoShivam Shukla
This document is a project report submitted by Divyanshu Shukla to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report details the design and analysis of a manually operated, eco-friendly road cleaner. It includes chapters on the introduction, literature review, design of the road cleaner including 3D modeling and component selection, fabrication techniques, working and analysis. The aim of the project was to develop an alternative to conventional road cleaning machines that are costly and use fuels that cause pollution. The designed machine uses human power and locally available, low-cost materials to provide a more sustainable and economical option for road cleaning.
According to ISO 1940/1:
- ISO 1940/1 defines balance quality grades (G values) that represent the maximum permissible vibration caused by unbalance at operating speeds. Lower G values indicate better balance quality requirements.
- Specific unbalance is the product of the rotor's center of gravity displacement and angular velocity. It is measured in units like mm/s.
- Maximum permissible residual unbalance (Uper) is calculated based on factors like specific unbalance, rotor weight, balancing radius, and rotor geometry. Formulas are provided to calculate Uper for general, symmetrical, overhung, and narrow rotors.
This document describes the components and working of a surface grinding machine. It discusses the principle, types including horizontal and vertical spindle machines, working, and equipment. The key components are the grinding wheel, workholding chuck, and reciprocating or rotary table. The wheel rotates to grind the flat surface of a workpiece held securely in the chuck. Factors like material and wheel selection influence the process. Precision grinding provides smooth, flat surfaces for functional purposes.
This report summarizes a lathe machine. It begins with an introduction on the history of lathes and the difference between manufacturing and production. It then discusses the construction details of various types of lathes. The report outlines the materials used for cutting tools and safe operation of lathes. Selection criteria for choosing a lathe machine is presented. Finally, dangers, safety practices, and maintenance of lathe machines are covered. Photos further illustrate the details of lathe machines.
IRJET - Compactness based Traffic Signal Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a compactness-based traffic signal monitoring system that uses IoT devices like IR sensors and Arduino boards. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion by monitoring vehicle density using IR sensors on roads and dynamically adjusting traffic light timing slots accordingly. It allows emergency vehicles to get priority access through the use of RFID tags. The system is designed to operate in both automatic and manual modes. It was tested and found to control traffic signals as intended based on real-time vehicle density readings from IR sensors. The proposed approach aims to provide more efficient traffic flow management compared to traditional fixed-timing traffic light systems.
Automatic Intelligent Traffic Controller and Operation ModeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an automatic intelligent traffic controller system that uses IR sensors and an Arduino board to control traffic lights and road spikes based on vehicle density and emergencies. IR sensors placed on the roadside measure vehicle input and output counts to determine traffic density. Higher density lanes will get longer green lights. In emergencies, IR sensors on an ambulance can trigger green lights and deactivate road spikes 50 yards before intersections. The system aims to reduce traffic and wasted time compared to traditional time-based controls. It uses an Arduino as the main controller, an LCD to display traffic data, LEDs for traffic lights, motors to control road spikes, and IR sensors to detect vehicles and emergencies.
1) Manu's Employee Estimating Device is a simple, low-cost people counter that uses an LDR light sensor and IC chips to count the number of employees entering a building. When light falling on the LDR is interrupted, the resistance changes and provides a clock pulse to increment the count displayed on seven segment displays.
2) The device aims to provide an affordable counting solution for small businesses. It works by detecting changes in light falling on an LDR sensor and using this to increment the count displayed.
3) The document discusses the components, working principle, advantages over other technologies, applications and concludes the device provides an inexpensive option for counting employees, especially suitable for small industries.
1) The document describes an automatic car parking system that uses ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, an Arduino Uno, and an LCD display to help drivers find available parking spaces more efficiently.
2) The system obtains information about available parking spaces using sensors, processes the data with the Arduino Uno, and displays the results on the LCD screen to guide drivers to open spots, reducing time spent searching and cutting down on traffic and pollution.
3) The authors developed the system to address the common problem of drivers spending a significant amount of time navigating crowded parking lots in search of a space, which wastes fuel and increases congestion.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Driverless Car using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a design for a driverless car that uses machine learning techniques, specifically Support Vector Machines (SVMs), to navigate autonomously while following traffic rules and avoiding accidents.
2. The system uses various sensors like ultrasonic sensors and IR sensors to detect objects and signs, which are classified by the SVM model. It also uses zone-based control and has live video streaming for monitoring.
3. The goal of the system is to help reduce accidents by at least half by enabling driverless capabilities. It also aims to provide independent transportation for disabled or elderly individuals.
Advanced Braille System-Communication Device for Blind-Deaf PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a communication device that allows blind-deaf people to send and receive SMS messages independently. The device uses Braille as an interface, representing letters as vibrations from small motors. It contains an Arduino, GSM module, LCD, buzzer, vibrator motors and keypad. To receive a message, the device reads the SMS using AT commands, converts letters to Braille vibrations and displays the text on the LCD. To send a message, the user enters text through the keypad which is converted to SMS and sent via the GSM module. The system aims to improve communication access for physically impaired users.
IRJET- Design & Implementation of Black Box in Automobiles SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a black box system for automobiles. The system uses sensors like temperature sensors, door sensors, seat belt sensors, and wheel speed sensors connected to an ARM7 microcontroller. Data from the sensors is stored in EEPROM memory. In the event of an accident, the black box data can be retrieved via an RS232 connection to investigate the cause. The system aims to help prevent accidents and provide safety by recording vehicle data. Infrared and gas sensors were also proposed to add further safety features to the black box.
Drowsiness Detected For Vehicle Using Smart Glass With Eye Blink SensorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a system to detect driver drowsiness using an eye blink sensor integrated into smart glasses. The sensor uses IR radiation to detect if the eye is open or closed, and sends a signal to an Arduino board if drowsiness is detected.
2. If drowsiness is detected, the Arduino activates a buzzer alarm for 3 seconds to wake the driver. If the driver does not wake, the Arduino cuts power to the vehicle's motor using an RF signal and relay.
3. The system is intended to help prevent accidents caused by drowsy driving, which accounts for a significant percentage of car crashes each year. Future versions could integrate additional sensors for improved accuracy.
IRJET- Data Acquisition using Tensile Strength Testing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes a tensile strength testing machine that was designed to test the strength of textile materials. It discusses the various components of the machine, including the load cell, rotary encoder, microcontroller, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and other electronic components. The machine is able to automatically record the load and elongation of a specimen as it is placed under increasing tensile stress. The load, elongation, and other data are sent to a computer for analysis. The design of the data acquisition system and electronic components is explained, and the machine is able to accurately measure and record the load-elongation curve of textile specimens during strength testing.
A Low Cost Yet Super efficient Means to Prevent Overloading as Well as Accide...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for an autonomous public transportation system without human operators. The system uses sensors and a microcontroller to automatically open and close doors, count passengers to prevent overloading, and display status information. It aims to eliminate human error and reduce costs compared to systems requiring drivers. The system would also help detect faulty tracks to prevent accidents. Key components include an IR sensor to detect arrival at stations, a passenger counting sensor, LCD display, and motor driver to control movement. The passenger counting sensor is designed using biodegradable materials to make it more environmentally friendly.
Paper on Customer Care Unit For Shopping MallIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed customer care unit system for shopping malls. The system uses RFID cards, a microcontroller, and other components to automate the process of customers purchasing grains and other goods in weighted packets. When a valid customer card is scanned, the system will display available goods and quantities to the customer. The customer can then select items and quantities, and the total amount will be displayed. Payment will be made with the RFID card, without needing to visit a counter. This is proposed to save customers time compared to current shopping mall processes for weighted goods purchases.
IRJET- Area Calculation by using Adxl335 and Ultrasonic Distance SensorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a device that uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller along with an ADXL335 accelerometer and HCSR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure the dimensions of an area on a tall building without direct measurement.
2. The ADXL335 measures the angle of the device and the HCSR04 measures the distance to the surface. Using trigonometric identities, the program calculates the dimensions of the target area based on these measurements.
3. The dimensions are displayed on an LCD screen and can be saved using a 4x3 matrix keypad. The goal is to provide dimension measurements for advertisement placement on tall buildings in a low-cost and portable way without requiring direct measurement.
Using capacitive switch cum sensor made of reclaimed materials for preventing...IRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed system for an autonomous public transport vehicle that can transport passengers without a driver. It uses various sensors and a microcontroller to automatically stop at stations, open and close doors, count passengers, and control movement. A capacitive sensor made from recycled materials is used to count passengers entering and leaving, to prevent overloading. The number of lights and fans inside are automatically adjusted based on passenger count to conserve energy. The system aims to reduce human errors, operating costs and energy usage compared to conventional public transport systems.
IRJET- Design Analysis of Land Surveying Robot using Arduino UNOIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a land surveying robot using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The robot is intended to automatically survey and calculate the area of a given plot of land. It uses a Bluetooth module to control movement, and calculates distance traveled and area using a timer concept. The robot aims to reduce the manpower and equipment needed for land surveys compared to conventional methods, while improving accuracy and saving time. Key components include Arduino Uno, DC motors, an L293D motor driver, ultrasonic sensor, and Bluetooth module. The robot is designed to automatically measure land areas more efficiently than traditional manual surveying methods.
This document describes an automatic meter reading system that uses GSM technology to remotely obtain electricity meter readings and send them to the utility provider for billing purposes. Key features include an Arduino microcontroller that reads the meter pulses optically and sends readings via GSM to the provider on the 1st of each month. This system aims to reduce errors from manual reading and make disconnections easier in remote or dangerous areas by automating the reading and billing process. Components include an LCD to display readings, GSM module for communication, and relays controlled by the Arduino to power the system. The system is powered by 5V 500mA and sends readings as SMS messages to reduce costs and human effort compared to traditional manual meter reading methods.
Substation Monitoring and Control Based on Microcontroller Using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for substation monitoring and control using an IoT approach. Sensors are used to measure voltage, current, and temperature. An Arduino microcontroller collects data from the sensors and sends it over an IoT module to a remote computer. The system allows monitoring and control of substations in real-time from a remote location. Relays controlled by the microcontroller can automatically shut off power to parts of the substation if faults are detected. This provides improved safety and efficiency for substation management.
IRJET- IOT and RFID based shopping mallIRJET Journal
This document describes an IOT and RFID-based smart shopping mall system. An RFID reader in the shopping cart scans product tags and displays the product details and running total on an LCD screen. IOT is used to remotely control lights and appliances in the mall using a NodeMCU board. The system aims to provide customers with real-time product information and reduce billing wait times compared to traditional systems. It could help improve the shopping experience in malls.
IRJET- Clash Avoidance at Hairpin Bends using IR SensorIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to avoid accidents at hairpin bends using IR sensors. It describes placing IR sensors on one side of the bend that detect vehicles approaching from the opposite side. When a vehicle is detected, an Arduino microcontroller triggers LED lights on the other side to warn drivers. The system is intended to improve safety on dangerous mountain roads and hairpin turns where visibility is limited. It detects vehicles using IR sensors and transmits that data to alert drivers with LED lights, helping prevent collisions when visibility is restricted. Future work could involve adding GSM modules to automatically alert emergency services if an accident occurs.
Android Based Voice Controlled Smart WheelchairIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a voice controlled smart wheelchair system using an Android device. Sensors like temperature, LPG, and contact sensors are used to detect fires and monitor doors.
2) The wheelchair is controlled via voice commands to the Android device which are transmitted via Bluetooth to a microcontroller. The microcontroller controls DC motors and other devices like lights based on the voice commands.
3) The system aims to help physically disabled users navigate independently using voice. It provides a low-cost alternative to existing systems using technologies like Zigbee.
IRJET- Monitoring and Measurement of Solar Parameters using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for monitoring and measuring parameters of a solar panel in real-time using Internet of Things (IoT). Sensors measure the voltage, current, power, and light intensity of the solar panel. An Arduino microcontroller collects the sensor data and sends it to a WiFi module. The WiFi module then transmits the data to a cloud-based platform called ThingSpeak, which displays the parameters as live-updating graphs accessible from any device with an internet connection. This real-time monitoring system allows users to analyze solar energy usage and predict future parameter values.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.