This document summarizes an investigation into optimizing the duty cycle of input pulses in an undercompensated optical fiber link. The link consists of 5 loops, each with 50km of standard single mode fiber followed by dispersion compensating fiber. Simulation results show that higher duty cycle pulses (66-75%) permit greater undercompensation (up to 1.3% reduction in dispersion compensating fiber length) while maintaining reliable communication compared to lower duty cycle pulses (25-33%) which only tolerate up to 1% undercompensation. The optimal duty cycle balances fiber nonlinearities and accumulated dispersion to maximize the quality factor over the greatest range of input powers for a given level of undercompensation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber wi...IOSR Journals
Abstract : In this paper, We investigate post, pre and symmetrical/mix dispersion compensation methods for 40
Gb/s non-return to zero link using standard and dispersion compensated fiber through FBG compensator to
optimize high data rate optical transmission. The influence of dispersion of FBG compensator and increases in
the power of CW laser has been studied to evaluate the performance of optical communication systems. The
simulation model of the WDM based on the Optisystem 11.0 is presented according to the above principle. The
simulation results are validated by analysing the Q-factor and Bit error rate (BER) in the numerical simulator.
It is found that post compensation performance is best and the input fiber power is taken as 5-10dB, the
corresponding BER performance is better.
Keywords - BER, Dispersion compensation, Q-factor, WDM.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative Analysis of Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Multiple Opti...rahulmonikasharma
Optical communication when used for long haul communication is characterized by dispersion and nonlinearities. Different techniques are used for the dispersion compensation and nonlinearity mitigation. Two of these techniques are Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Optical Phase Conjugation (OPC). In this paper the performance of the system is analyzed by comparing various results at the receiver. A 10Gb/s NRZ signal is launched into a long Single Mode Fiber (SMF). Results in the terms of Q-factor (linear) and BER are observed by varying fiber length. Optical system consisting of one OPC and two OPC is also analyzed for different transmission distance. Simulation results show that, when compared with optical system consisting of one OPC, Q-factor improvement of 3.51 is achieved for the optical system consisting of two OPC. Nonlinearities are mitigated using DCF and OPC and on comparing with DCF, Q-factor improvement of 11.3 is achieved for OPC.
Macro-Bending Loss of Single-Mode Fiber beyond Its Operating WavelengthTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A standard telecommunication-grade single-mode optical fiber is designed to have a
low macro-bending loss in its entire operating wavelengths to comply with the ITU-T
Recommendation G.652. In this paper, we described the potential use of such a fiber as an
intensity-based sensor due to the macro-bending loss as an alternative to using a bendingsensitive
fiber. We calculated the macro-bending loss of several single-mode optical fiber
patchcords using the classical Marcuse equation at several wavelengths, and measured its
transmission loss due to bending using an optical spectrum analyzer. For each type of fibers
there is a wavelength with a significant macro-bending loss of the LP11 mode when the Vnumber
of the fiber lies between 2.4 and 4, and that of the LP01 mode when the V-number of the
fiber lies between 1 and 2.4. This work shows a thorough mathematical and experimental
analysis for the posibility in using standard telecommunication fibers for intensity based-fiber
sensor taking the benefit of bending loss phenomenon using commercial light sources.
STUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIERcscpconf
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are the essential components of a highly efficient, long distance optical data link.Their design has been refined to give better performance parameters.A novel design approach for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is proposed based on Matlab and Fortran 77 Programming.In this paper, a combination of fiber intensity distribution, pump and signal power, optimum length and maximum gain are taken into account as objective function
and the results are presented for different core radius, fiber length, pump power and signal power. Dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) which possess negative dispersion coefficient
equal to or greater than this 17ps/km-nm can be used to overcome this drawback. In order to upgrade the present long haul fiber optic communication system, comprising of CSFs, a
combination of EDFAs and DCFs would be the most feasible choice to compensate the dispersion as well as the loss.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber wi...IOSR Journals
Abstract : In this paper, We investigate post, pre and symmetrical/mix dispersion compensation methods for 40
Gb/s non-return to zero link using standard and dispersion compensated fiber through FBG compensator to
optimize high data rate optical transmission. The influence of dispersion of FBG compensator and increases in
the power of CW laser has been studied to evaluate the performance of optical communication systems. The
simulation model of the WDM based on the Optisystem 11.0 is presented according to the above principle. The
simulation results are validated by analysing the Q-factor and Bit error rate (BER) in the numerical simulator.
It is found that post compensation performance is best and the input fiber power is taken as 5-10dB, the
corresponding BER performance is better.
Keywords - BER, Dispersion compensation, Q-factor, WDM.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative Analysis of Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Multiple Opti...rahulmonikasharma
Optical communication when used for long haul communication is characterized by dispersion and nonlinearities. Different techniques are used for the dispersion compensation and nonlinearity mitigation. Two of these techniques are Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Optical Phase Conjugation (OPC). In this paper the performance of the system is analyzed by comparing various results at the receiver. A 10Gb/s NRZ signal is launched into a long Single Mode Fiber (SMF). Results in the terms of Q-factor (linear) and BER are observed by varying fiber length. Optical system consisting of one OPC and two OPC is also analyzed for different transmission distance. Simulation results show that, when compared with optical system consisting of one OPC, Q-factor improvement of 3.51 is achieved for the optical system consisting of two OPC. Nonlinearities are mitigated using DCF and OPC and on comparing with DCF, Q-factor improvement of 11.3 is achieved for OPC.
Macro-Bending Loss of Single-Mode Fiber beyond Its Operating WavelengthTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A standard telecommunication-grade single-mode optical fiber is designed to have a
low macro-bending loss in its entire operating wavelengths to comply with the ITU-T
Recommendation G.652. In this paper, we described the potential use of such a fiber as an
intensity-based sensor due to the macro-bending loss as an alternative to using a bendingsensitive
fiber. We calculated the macro-bending loss of several single-mode optical fiber
patchcords using the classical Marcuse equation at several wavelengths, and measured its
transmission loss due to bending using an optical spectrum analyzer. For each type of fibers
there is a wavelength with a significant macro-bending loss of the LP11 mode when the Vnumber
of the fiber lies between 2.4 and 4, and that of the LP01 mode when the V-number of the
fiber lies between 1 and 2.4. This work shows a thorough mathematical and experimental
analysis for the posibility in using standard telecommunication fibers for intensity based-fiber
sensor taking the benefit of bending loss phenomenon using commercial light sources.
STUDIED ON A MULTICLADDED ERBIUM DOPED DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER AMPLIFIERcscpconf
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are the essential components of a highly efficient, long distance optical data link.Their design has been refined to give better performance parameters.A novel design approach for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is proposed based on Matlab and Fortran 77 Programming.In this paper, a combination of fiber intensity distribution, pump and signal power, optimum length and maximum gain are taken into account as objective function
and the results are presented for different core radius, fiber length, pump power and signal power. Dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) which possess negative dispersion coefficient
equal to or greater than this 17ps/km-nm can be used to overcome this drawback. In order to upgrade the present long haul fiber optic communication system, comprising of CSFs, a
combination of EDFAs and DCFs would be the most feasible choice to compensate the dispersion as well as the loss.
Design of Symmetric dispersion compensated, long haul, Single and Multichanne...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Here we propose a model on Enhanced- Large Effective Area Fiber (E-LEAF) and Dispersion Compensation Module (DCM) with precise designed Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF). The Model is implemented in a long haul Single and Multichannel Optical telecommunication systems with E-LEAF as data transmission Fiber (NZ-DSF) of 1700Km (85 Km SMF×20 loops) length. The DCM is proposed in Symmetric Compensation fashion consisting of 20Km (2Km×20spans) length DCF in Pre-Compensation and Post-Compensation totally comprising of 40Km length DCF for complete Compensation of total Optical Link. Thereby, we study the effect of various Line Coding Schemes like NRZ, RZ, CS-RZ, DUOBINARY and MODIFIED DUOBINARY in single and multichannel optical link with our designed DCM and concluded the suitable line coding scheme for our proposed model. This paper focus on the theoretical background, design procedures, technical terms and finally a simulation model is experimented with proposed parameters to realize the foresaid concepts with various modulation formats.
As we know Optical communication Network offers
very high potential bandwidth and flexibility. In terms of high
bit-rate transmission. However, their performance slows down
due to some parameter like dispersion, attenuation, scattering. In
long haul application, dispersion is the main parameter which
needs to be compensated in order to provide better service. Fiber
Braggs Grating (FBG) is one of the most widely used element to
compensate it, however its performance slows down with the
increase in distance.
This paper presents an investigation on Pulse distortions due to
the third-order dispersion (TOD) on very high speed long
distance single mode optical fiber communication system using
OptiSystem. Presence of the TOD introduces broadening on the
propagating pulse. The impact of TOD is observed at the
receiving end of transmission line considering the variation of
different factors such as transmission reach, bit rate, duty
cycle.BER performance are also considered here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber u...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
3.4-3.9GHz Parallel Coupled Bandpass Filter with High Stopband Rejection and ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of 3.4-3.9 GHz parallel coupled microstrip
bandpass filter. The EM simulation results indicate that the insertion loss varies between -1dB and -0.795dB at
the desired frequency band. Both input and output VSWRs show the maximum value of 1.28. More than 40dB
rejections out of band are witnessed at the stopbands of DC-2.7GHz and 4.85-7.45GHz. In contrast, the
measured insertion loss is a little poorer, changing from -1.87dB to -2.59dB, and above 40dB suppression is also
recorded at the same stopbands. A little higher input and output VSWRs, 1.415 and 1.404 are achieved in the
fabricated filter. These results demonstrate that the developed filter can be applied in 3.4-3.9GHz
communication systems.
Disclosed is an optical fiber comprising a center core which forms a passageway for transmitting
optical signals and has a refractive index N1, and a cladding which encloses the center core and
has a refractive index N0. The optical fiber further comprises an upper core, which has a
distribution of refractive indices increased starting from a refractive index N2 (>N0) at its outer
circumference to the refractive index N1 at its internal circumference, and a minutely depressed
refractive index region, which is interposed between said upper core and cladding and has a
refractive index N3. The refractive index N3 is lower than the refractive index N0.
Fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers,
continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper
conductors. The purpose of this article is to provide the non-technical reader with an overview of
these advantages, as well as the properties and applications of fiber optics.
View more of our white papers about fiber optics:
http://www.fibersystems.com/technical-resources/fiber-optic-whitepapers
INVESTIGATION OF FWM EFFECT ON BER IN WDM OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH B...ijdpsjournal
This paper simulates two channel WDM optical communication system to investigate the effect of FWM on Bit Error Rate for Duo-binary & binary modulation like NRZ Rectangular at different dispersion value ,core effective area of fiber & channel spacing for 100km long optical communication system. BER
got improved with duobinary modulation format & by increasing core effective area which will offer a significant performance benefit in digital systems.
Design of Symmetric dispersion compensated, long haul, Single and Multichanne...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Here we propose a model on Enhanced- Large Effective Area Fiber (E-LEAF) and Dispersion Compensation Module (DCM) with precise designed Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF). The Model is implemented in a long haul Single and Multichannel Optical telecommunication systems with E-LEAF as data transmission Fiber (NZ-DSF) of 1700Km (85 Km SMF×20 loops) length. The DCM is proposed in Symmetric Compensation fashion consisting of 20Km (2Km×20spans) length DCF in Pre-Compensation and Post-Compensation totally comprising of 40Km length DCF for complete Compensation of total Optical Link. Thereby, we study the effect of various Line Coding Schemes like NRZ, RZ, CS-RZ, DUOBINARY and MODIFIED DUOBINARY in single and multichannel optical link with our designed DCM and concluded the suitable line coding scheme for our proposed model. This paper focus on the theoretical background, design procedures, technical terms and finally a simulation model is experimented with proposed parameters to realize the foresaid concepts with various modulation formats.
As we know Optical communication Network offers
very high potential bandwidth and flexibility. In terms of high
bit-rate transmission. However, their performance slows down
due to some parameter like dispersion, attenuation, scattering. In
long haul application, dispersion is the main parameter which
needs to be compensated in order to provide better service. Fiber
Braggs Grating (FBG) is one of the most widely used element to
compensate it, however its performance slows down with the
increase in distance.
This paper presents an investigation on Pulse distortions due to
the third-order dispersion (TOD) on very high speed long
distance single mode optical fiber communication system using
OptiSystem. Presence of the TOD introduces broadening on the
propagating pulse. The impact of TOD is observed at the
receiving end of transmission line considering the variation of
different factors such as transmission reach, bit rate, duty
cycle.BER performance are also considered here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber u...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
3.4-3.9GHz Parallel Coupled Bandpass Filter with High Stopband Rejection and ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of 3.4-3.9 GHz parallel coupled microstrip
bandpass filter. The EM simulation results indicate that the insertion loss varies between -1dB and -0.795dB at
the desired frequency band. Both input and output VSWRs show the maximum value of 1.28. More than 40dB
rejections out of band are witnessed at the stopbands of DC-2.7GHz and 4.85-7.45GHz. In contrast, the
measured insertion loss is a little poorer, changing from -1.87dB to -2.59dB, and above 40dB suppression is also
recorded at the same stopbands. A little higher input and output VSWRs, 1.415 and 1.404 are achieved in the
fabricated filter. These results demonstrate that the developed filter can be applied in 3.4-3.9GHz
communication systems.
Disclosed is an optical fiber comprising a center core which forms a passageway for transmitting
optical signals and has a refractive index N1, and a cladding which encloses the center core and
has a refractive index N0. The optical fiber further comprises an upper core, which has a
distribution of refractive indices increased starting from a refractive index N2 (>N0) at its outer
circumference to the refractive index N1 at its internal circumference, and a minutely depressed
refractive index region, which is interposed between said upper core and cladding and has a
refractive index N3. The refractive index N3 is lower than the refractive index N0.
Fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers,
continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper
conductors. The purpose of this article is to provide the non-technical reader with an overview of
these advantages, as well as the properties and applications of fiber optics.
View more of our white papers about fiber optics:
http://www.fibersystems.com/technical-resources/fiber-optic-whitepapers
INVESTIGATION OF FWM EFFECT ON BER IN WDM OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH B...ijdpsjournal
This paper simulates two channel WDM optical communication system to investigate the effect of FWM on Bit Error Rate for Duo-binary & binary modulation like NRZ Rectangular at different dispersion value ,core effective area of fiber & channel spacing for 100km long optical communication system. BER
got improved with duobinary modulation format & by increasing core effective area which will offer a significant performance benefit in digital systems.
LIBER fostering Open Science and Knowledge DiscoveryLIBER Europe
Presentation by Kristiina Hormia Poutanen, LIBER President. Delivered at 25th Anniversary Conference of The National Repository Library of Finland
Kuopio 22th of May 2015. Content is cc-by.
HYDROLIFT 24, 2003, £49,995 For Sale Brochure. Presented By yachtingelite.comWolfgang Stolle
HYDROLIFT 24
Puerto Banus, Spain
Hyrdolift 24 With Single Mercruiser Inboard 496 Ho Petrol Engines (430hp). This Particular Model Is In Fantastic Condition, Benefitting From A New Paint Job, New Engines (2 Hours Use) And New Outdrives. In Fantastic Condition And Offers Would Be Seriously Considered. Please Contact A Member Of Our Team For Further Information Or Indeed To Arrange A Viewing.
For Sale Brochure. Presented By yachtingelite.com. Visit Site http://www.yachtingelite.com by yachtingelite.com. Real Estate,Luxury Property
Raman Pumping as an Energy Efficient Solution for NyWDM Flexible-grid Elastic ...IJECEIAES
This paper investigates transparent wavelength routed optical networks using three dif- ferent fiber types NZDSF, SMF and PSCF - and validates the effectiveness of Hybrid Raman/EDFA Fiber Amplification (HFA) with different pumping levels, up to the moderate 60% pumping regime. Nodes operate on the basis of flexible-grid elastic NyWDM transponders able to adapt the modulation format to the quality-of-transmission of the available lightpath, exploiting up to five 12.5 GHz spectral slots. Results consider a 37node Pan-European network for variable Raman pumping level, span length and average traffic per node. We show that HFA in moderate pumping regime reduces the power consumption and enhances spectral efficiency for all three fiber types with particular evidence in NZDSF. In essence to that, introduction of HFA is also beneficial to avoid blocking for higher traffic loads.
In this work, high-speed transmission over the long-haul optical channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) was investigated. Furthermore, we recommend mixing polarization division multiplexing (PDM) with coherent OFDM (CO-OFDM) and quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) to improve spectral efficiency (SE) while transmitting over a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system.
An 800 Gb/s WDM PDM-CO-OFDM-16QAM transmission system with various channel spacing of 100 GHz, 50 GHz, and 25 GHz is examined utilizing the OptiSystem (2021) version 18.0 software package over ten spans of 60 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). Different channel spacing WDM systems have been compared in terms of performance and SE. The results reveal that the WDM system with 100 GHz channel spacing has a longer transmission range and needs minimal optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) at the reception. The 25 GHz channel spacing WDM system exceeds the others in terms of SE. Further, the effect of ultra-low loss and large effective area fiber in lowering span loss and nonlinear effects for
25 GHz channel spacing WDM system is investigated. The findings show that the system performance with the new fiber outperforms the SSMF.
The acceptable bit error rate (BER) for this study is 0.033 (20% concatenated forward error correction (FEC) threshold).
Spatial optical transmitter based on on/off keying line coding modulation sch...nooriasukmaningtyas
This study has presented a spatial optical transmitter based on on off keying line coding modulation scheme for the optimum performance of telecommunication systems. The encircled flux versus fiber core radius, the 3D graph for fiber mode versus core radius, and the signal power level in dBm versus wavelength through coarse wavelength division multiplexing with a fiber length of 20 km are presented and discussed in detail. The total power measured in W and dBm as well as the signal power amplitude level obtained through the infinite impulse response (IIR) filter based on both Z domain and pole/zero coefficient filter types are illustrated clearly. Signal gain, noise figure, maximum Q factor, and received power are also clarified against bit rates for various modulation line coding schemes.
Pulse shaping methods for inter carrier interference reduction in OFDM systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The weakness of the orthogonal freuency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is susceptible to the existence of carrier frequency offset (CFO) which causes the emergence of inter carrier interference (ICI) which causes a degradation of performance OFDM systems. This study aims to apply the suggested rectangular (REC) pulse and improved sinc-power (ISP) pulse shaping methods on OFDM system and determines ICI reduction with the effects of CFO over flat fading Rayleigh channels. The performance of each pulse shaping method is evaluated and compared based on parameter ICI power vs. normalized frequency offset, signal to interference ratio (SIR) vs. normalized frequency offset and bit error rate (BER) vs. energy bit per noise (Eb/No). The simulation result in terms of BER vs. Eb/No indicated that REC and ISP pulse shaping has better performance dealing with ICI reduction compared to OFDM system no applied pulse shaping. In addition, the ISP is able to mitigate ICI better than REC.
Compact Power Divider Integrated with Coupler and Microstrip Cavity Filter fo...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper present the compact power divider integrated with coupler and microstrip cavity filter
for x-band surveillance radar system. These modules consist of several devices (splitter, filter and coupler)
it is integrated in a single module aims to reduce the loss in the joint connectors. The bandpass filter is use
microstrip cavity filter for operating on X-Band Frequency and deployed on RT/duroid 5880. The power
divider and coupler is designed using quarter wavelength transformer. A theoretical analytical circuit model
will be presented, from the theoretical model; a compact integrated module will be designed and simulated.
The proposed compact integrated module is small in dimension and performs a compact size. The
compact integrated devices design on X-Band frequency is simulated and the result is presented.
Study of Polarization Mode Dispersion in the Optical Digital Connection to Hi...ijcnac
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is a factor which limits the bit rate of the optical transmissions. The PMD is such an effect which is time broadening due to the dependence of the group velocity to the signal polarization. The deformation effects of the impulses become considerable from 40 Gb/s. This paper, we reviews the degrade PMD effect in the telecommunications optical connections to high bit rate, due to the evolution of quality factor (Q) according to the fiber length, bit rate and PMD coefficient , well as the impact PMD on the degree of polarization and electrical power, we discuss also the representation of the polarization state and PMD vector on the Poincare sphere.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is a very promising data transmission technology for utilizing the capacity of the fiber. By DWDM, multiple signals (video, audio, data etc) staggered in wavelength domain can be multiplexed and transmitted down the same fiber. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. This article provides an overview of the integrated DWDM MIMO-OFDM technology and focuses on DWDM transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps ,MIMO-OFDM system design, space-time coded signaling, receiver design and performance analysis in terms of bit error rate for Integrated system. The simulation is carried out using powerful software tools Optisystem and MATLAB . In this paper a 64 channel DWDM system is simulated for transmission of baseband NRZ signal over fiber. Each of the transmission is at bit rate of 10 Gbps leading to high data rate transmission of 640 Gbps.The resultant Bit Error Rate(BER) is in the range 10-12 for DWDM system which is given as input to MIMO-OFDM system..This system performance is analyzed in terms of BER with SNR for Rayleigh, and AWGN channels and BER of 10-4 is achieved at SNR of 10dbs
Performance Analysis of Fog Effect on Free Space Optical Communication Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Similar to Investigation of optimal duty cycle for gvd undercompensated (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."