This document discusses a study on enhancing biogas production through co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste with cow dung. Four mixtures of fruit, vegetable, and cow waste were prepared in different ratios and subjected to anaerobic digestion. The biogas production from each mixture was measured and modeled using logistic and modified Gompertz kinetic models. The results showed that a ratio of 0.5 parts fruit waste, 1.5 parts vegetable waste, and 1 part cow waste produced the highest amount of biogas and fit best to the modified Gompertz model. Characterization of the waste mixtures found total solid and volatile solid contents ranged from 74-75% with C/N ratios between 5-9.
This document discusses converting cow dung into methanol through a two-step process of anaerobic digestion followed by acid treatment. The quantities and qualities of methane gas and methanol produced depend on factors like slurry concentration and temperature. Gas chromatography analysis found the biogas contained 57.23% methane. Refining the biogas enhanced the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, making the organic components more available for the acid reaction. Spectroscopic analysis indicated methanol was formed, with a purity of 92.5%. The process also generates fertilizer from the leftover sludge.
Livestock farmers’ perception on generation of cattle waste Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study on livestock farmers' perceptions of cattle waste-based biogas methane generation in Embu West District, Kenya. The study surveyed 156 livestock farmers, most of whom practiced zero-grazing and had multiple cows. Only 14% had installed biogas digesters. The study found that farmers had a positive perception of biogas technology and knowledge of how it works, despite the low adoption rate. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between perception and adoption level. However, there was a significant relationship between perception and knowledge. The research concluded that other factors beyond perception, like installation costs, contributed more to the low uptake of biogas technology.
Comparative study of products of pyrolysis of cowAlexander Decker
This study compared the products of pyrolysis of cow dung and poultry litter. A pyrolysis assembly was used to pyrolyze samples of each residue at 450°C for 30 minutes. The main products collected were char, tar oil/pyroligneous acid, and pyrogas. For cow dung, the yields were 42% char, 35.66% tar oil, and 17.34% pyrogas. For poultry litter, the yields were 47.33% char, 28.33% tar oil, and 24.34% pyrogas. Analysis showed the pyrogas from cow dung contained 56.67% methane and 54.33% propane, while p
Biogas Production Enhancement from Mixed Animal Wastes at Mesophilic Anaerobi...IJERA Editor
In this work, the effect of mixing ratio of cattle dung (CD) and poultry droppings (PD) on biogas generation was
determined. Mixtures of various CD: PD ratios (100% : 0%; 50% : 50%; 60% : 40%; 80% : 20% and 0% :
100%) were prepared, analyzed and then aerobically digested for a period of 40 days. For each mixture,
fermentation was carried out in a 20 L capacity digester. Results showed that biogas was obtained from the
digestion of CD and PD alone, showing the biogas from CD was several times larger than that from PD.
Furthermore, the resulted biogas yields from mixtures were found a function of the CD : PD ratio, the yield from
the ratio 80 : 20 was the maximum. Biogas yields from the prepared mixtures were found and arranged from
larger to lower in the form of (CD : PD) ratios as follow: 80% : 20%; 100% : 0.0%; 60% : 40%; 0.0% :
100%;50% : 50%. Addition of CD to PD enhances the PD production of biogas, while addition of a small
portion of PD to CD gave the maximum yield, a result not determined in literature. In other hand, larger
additions of PD to CD reduced the biogas yield. The effect of pH was also determined and found better around
7.0. These results are in agreement with research work in literature.
At present our country is facing various problems, among that energy crisis has become more serious in next coming years. Both energy crisis and pollution problems could be controlled by adopting an alternative method of biogas production form waste products. Food waste is the best alternative for biogas production in a community level biogas plant. Hence in the present study, an attempt has been made to study the rate of biogas production in a lab scale biogas digester model for the efficient conversion of the food waste (starch –rich materials) generated from PRIST University Campus. The biogas production depends on the maximum biogas yield, the concentration of volatile solids of the input, the density of the effluent, the density of the biogas and the reaction rate constant, which are all substrate - or process - specific. The experiments were carried out for 40 days and the rate of gas production was measured by water displacement method. The pH value of the cow dung and food waste was initially measured and adjusted to nearer to neutral and gradually increased to acidic and again it got stabilised to the neutral pH which favoured the production of biogas. The percentage of total solids was 69.86, 93.56 and 25.67 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile solids was 52.5, 86.3 and 18.9 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile fatty acid was 285, 356 and 365 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. Observations on daily basis were made on the constituent of biogas, pH, volume and rate of biogas production. The rate of biogas production continuously increased as days progressed and there was maximum yield in biogas after 20 days. Thus continuous feeding helps in daily biogas production and can be used at a small as well as larger scale to manage the organic waste and energy production for various applications.
Evaluation of Biogas Production from the Digestion of Swine Dung, Plantain Pe...IJCMESJOURNAL
This study centered on biogas production from locally available animal and kitchen wastes: swine dung (SD), plantain peel (PP) and fluted pumpkin stem (PS) using five 32-Litres metallic prototype digesters. The anaerobic digestion was in the ratio of 3:1 of water to waste for all the samples as follows: Sample A was 100%SD, Sample B; 100% PP, Sample C; 100% PS, Sample D; 50%SD+50%PP and Sample E; 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS. The retention time was 30 days and parameters like pH, pressure, daily biogas production, ambient and slurry temperatures alongside the physico-chemical properties of wastes were monitored. The cumulative gas production yield was 11.5L, 35.1L, 39.5L, 46.9L, 59.3L for Sample A, Sample B, Sample C, Sample D and Sample E respectively. The flammable time was 15th, 5th, 25th, 26th, 2nd day for sample A, sample B, sample C, sample D and sample E respectively. The result revealed that the blend of the 3 substrates i.e. sample E: 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS gave the highest yield of biogas and flamed earlier than the other samples while sample A: 100%SD had the lowest yield of biogas. The results also showed that the sample that had the highest composition of methane in the biogas produced was Sample D: 50%SD+50%PP with 85.6989% while the lowest composition of methane was found in Sample C to be 79.0996%. The TS, TVS, BOD and VS were seen to be consistently reducing showing the level of waste treatment achieved during the digestion period of 30 days.
This document summarizes an experimental study on generating biogas from kitchen waste and cow dung. The study found that (1) Kitchen waste produced 150.69% more biogas than cow dung alone, showing it is a more efficient substrate. (2) Biogas production initially increased for 3 days then decreased as acid concentration rose, lowering the pH. Adding water increased the pH and biogas production. (3) The pH decreased more rapidly for the kitchen waste setup, indicating it underwent hydrolysis and acidogenesis faster than the cow dung setup. In conclusion, the study found that kitchen waste is a better alternative substrate than cow dung alone for generating more biogas and producing a useful byproduct with better anaer
Comparative evaluation of qualitative and quantitative biogas production pote...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that evaluated biogas production from oil palm fronds alone and co-digested with cow dung. When oil palm fronds were digested alone, biogas production was slower with a total yield of 116L over 27 days. Co-digesting the fronds with cow dung at a 1:1 ratio optimized biogas production, yielding 187.4L over the same period. Key factors influencing higher production from co-digestion included improved nutrient balance and microbial activity from the cow dung. The study demonstrates that co-digesting available agricultural and animal wastes can provide an environmentally-friendly energy source.
This document discusses converting cow dung into methanol through a two-step process of anaerobic digestion followed by acid treatment. The quantities and qualities of methane gas and methanol produced depend on factors like slurry concentration and temperature. Gas chromatography analysis found the biogas contained 57.23% methane. Refining the biogas enhanced the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, making the organic components more available for the acid reaction. Spectroscopic analysis indicated methanol was formed, with a purity of 92.5%. The process also generates fertilizer from the leftover sludge.
Livestock farmers’ perception on generation of cattle waste Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study on livestock farmers' perceptions of cattle waste-based biogas methane generation in Embu West District, Kenya. The study surveyed 156 livestock farmers, most of whom practiced zero-grazing and had multiple cows. Only 14% had installed biogas digesters. The study found that farmers had a positive perception of biogas technology and knowledge of how it works, despite the low adoption rate. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between perception and adoption level. However, there was a significant relationship between perception and knowledge. The research concluded that other factors beyond perception, like installation costs, contributed more to the low uptake of biogas technology.
Comparative study of products of pyrolysis of cowAlexander Decker
This study compared the products of pyrolysis of cow dung and poultry litter. A pyrolysis assembly was used to pyrolyze samples of each residue at 450°C for 30 minutes. The main products collected were char, tar oil/pyroligneous acid, and pyrogas. For cow dung, the yields were 42% char, 35.66% tar oil, and 17.34% pyrogas. For poultry litter, the yields were 47.33% char, 28.33% tar oil, and 24.34% pyrogas. Analysis showed the pyrogas from cow dung contained 56.67% methane and 54.33% propane, while p
Biogas Production Enhancement from Mixed Animal Wastes at Mesophilic Anaerobi...IJERA Editor
In this work, the effect of mixing ratio of cattle dung (CD) and poultry droppings (PD) on biogas generation was
determined. Mixtures of various CD: PD ratios (100% : 0%; 50% : 50%; 60% : 40%; 80% : 20% and 0% :
100%) were prepared, analyzed and then aerobically digested for a period of 40 days. For each mixture,
fermentation was carried out in a 20 L capacity digester. Results showed that biogas was obtained from the
digestion of CD and PD alone, showing the biogas from CD was several times larger than that from PD.
Furthermore, the resulted biogas yields from mixtures were found a function of the CD : PD ratio, the yield from
the ratio 80 : 20 was the maximum. Biogas yields from the prepared mixtures were found and arranged from
larger to lower in the form of (CD : PD) ratios as follow: 80% : 20%; 100% : 0.0%; 60% : 40%; 0.0% :
100%;50% : 50%. Addition of CD to PD enhances the PD production of biogas, while addition of a small
portion of PD to CD gave the maximum yield, a result not determined in literature. In other hand, larger
additions of PD to CD reduced the biogas yield. The effect of pH was also determined and found better around
7.0. These results are in agreement with research work in literature.
At present our country is facing various problems, among that energy crisis has become more serious in next coming years. Both energy crisis and pollution problems could be controlled by adopting an alternative method of biogas production form waste products. Food waste is the best alternative for biogas production in a community level biogas plant. Hence in the present study, an attempt has been made to study the rate of biogas production in a lab scale biogas digester model for the efficient conversion of the food waste (starch –rich materials) generated from PRIST University Campus. The biogas production depends on the maximum biogas yield, the concentration of volatile solids of the input, the density of the effluent, the density of the biogas and the reaction rate constant, which are all substrate - or process - specific. The experiments were carried out for 40 days and the rate of gas production was measured by water displacement method. The pH value of the cow dung and food waste was initially measured and adjusted to nearer to neutral and gradually increased to acidic and again it got stabilised to the neutral pH which favoured the production of biogas. The percentage of total solids was 69.86, 93.56 and 25.67 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile solids was 52.5, 86.3 and 18.9 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile fatty acid was 285, 356 and 365 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. Observations on daily basis were made on the constituent of biogas, pH, volume and rate of biogas production. The rate of biogas production continuously increased as days progressed and there was maximum yield in biogas after 20 days. Thus continuous feeding helps in daily biogas production and can be used at a small as well as larger scale to manage the organic waste and energy production for various applications.
Evaluation of Biogas Production from the Digestion of Swine Dung, Plantain Pe...IJCMESJOURNAL
This study centered on biogas production from locally available animal and kitchen wastes: swine dung (SD), plantain peel (PP) and fluted pumpkin stem (PS) using five 32-Litres metallic prototype digesters. The anaerobic digestion was in the ratio of 3:1 of water to waste for all the samples as follows: Sample A was 100%SD, Sample B; 100% PP, Sample C; 100% PS, Sample D; 50%SD+50%PP and Sample E; 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS. The retention time was 30 days and parameters like pH, pressure, daily biogas production, ambient and slurry temperatures alongside the physico-chemical properties of wastes were monitored. The cumulative gas production yield was 11.5L, 35.1L, 39.5L, 46.9L, 59.3L for Sample A, Sample B, Sample C, Sample D and Sample E respectively. The flammable time was 15th, 5th, 25th, 26th, 2nd day for sample A, sample B, sample C, sample D and sample E respectively. The result revealed that the blend of the 3 substrates i.e. sample E: 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS gave the highest yield of biogas and flamed earlier than the other samples while sample A: 100%SD had the lowest yield of biogas. The results also showed that the sample that had the highest composition of methane in the biogas produced was Sample D: 50%SD+50%PP with 85.6989% while the lowest composition of methane was found in Sample C to be 79.0996%. The TS, TVS, BOD and VS were seen to be consistently reducing showing the level of waste treatment achieved during the digestion period of 30 days.
This document summarizes an experimental study on generating biogas from kitchen waste and cow dung. The study found that (1) Kitchen waste produced 150.69% more biogas than cow dung alone, showing it is a more efficient substrate. (2) Biogas production initially increased for 3 days then decreased as acid concentration rose, lowering the pH. Adding water increased the pH and biogas production. (3) The pH decreased more rapidly for the kitchen waste setup, indicating it underwent hydrolysis and acidogenesis faster than the cow dung setup. In conclusion, the study found that kitchen waste is a better alternative substrate than cow dung alone for generating more biogas and producing a useful byproduct with better anaer
Comparative evaluation of qualitative and quantitative biogas production pote...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that evaluated biogas production from oil palm fronds alone and co-digested with cow dung. When oil palm fronds were digested alone, biogas production was slower with a total yield of 116L over 27 days. Co-digesting the fronds with cow dung at a 1:1 ratio optimized biogas production, yielding 187.4L over the same period. Key factors influencing higher production from co-digestion included improved nutrient balance and microbial activity from the cow dung. The study demonstrates that co-digesting available agricultural and animal wastes can provide an environmentally-friendly energy source.
IRJET - Evaluation of Biogas Production from Fishwaste with Three Other Co-Di...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates biogas production from fish waste using different co-digesters, including baggase, paper waste, and dry leaves. An experiment was conducted with three containers of fish waste mixed in equal proportion with cow dung and one of the three co-digesters. The results found that paper waste produced the maximum biogas yield of 188 ml/kg. Further experiments determined that a mixture of 8kg fish waste, 2kg paper waste, and 2kg cow dung produced the highest yield of 286 ml/kg. The study concludes that paper waste is the most effective co-digester for maximizing biogas production from fish waste.
This document discusses converting organic food waste and cow manure into methane gas through anaerobic digestion to provide energy for rural homes in developing nations. It describes the multi-step anaerobic digestion process of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis carried out by obligate anaerobes. An experiment is proposed to test different ratios of food waste and cow manure to determine the optimal ratio for highest methane production. The methane gas could then be captured and combusted to provide energy for heating or cooking, addressing both energy scarcity and waste pollution issues in a sustainable way.
The document discusses China's energy crisis and strategies to address it, including developing alternative energy sources. It focuses on utilizing agricultural waste as a biomass resource through fast pyrolysis. Specifically, it details the process of fast pyrolysis of biomass like rice husks to produce bio-oil, experiments demonstrating bio-oil properties and combustion, and potential pathways for upgrading bio-oil into chemicals and gasoline.
This document proposes a study to investigate the utilization of donkey dung for biogas production in Lamu County, Kenya. Donkey dung is readily available but currently a nuisance, littering towns. The study aims to assess biogas production from different mixtures of donkey dung and cow dung in flexi bag digesters. Five treatments mixing donkey and cow dung at ratios of 25-75%, 50-50%, 75-25%, 100% donkey dung, and 100% cow dung (control) will be evaluated. The volume of biogas produced daily will be measured to determine if co-digesting donkey and cow dung can improve biogas yields for energy needs in Lamu
Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compostijtsrd
Agricultural activities tend to generate a substantial volume of animal and crop residues. Composting is the most economical and ecologically sustainable option to manage farmyard waste. However, it takes approximately three months to complete decomposition and contains lower plant nutrient percentages than inorganic fertilisers. This study aimed to reduce the decomposition time and improve the nutrient content of compost. Aerobic decomposition was enhanced by aeration inside the pile using a blower with 0.5 l min kg airflow. Paddy straw, poultry manure, goat manure, cattle manure and paddy husk ash were mixed in 3 1 1 1 1 ratio respectively as the raw materials and 3 of Eppawala Rock Phosphate was added to the mixture in weight basis. Six piles 150 X 100 X 80 cm were prepared, and three piles were aerated for six hours per day while other three piles were left to decompose under the ambient condition as the control. According to the results, aerated and control piles took 35 days and 65 days to complete the decomposition. Total N, available P, exchangeable K, C N ratio, pH, EC and CEC were analysed in compost samples from aerated after 35 days and controls, and the results were, 20.5 g kg 1, 1.8 g kg 1, 10.4 g kg 1, 7, 8.8, 4.3 mS cm 1, 19.3 cmol kg 1 and 17.8 g kg 1, 1.5 g kg 1, 9.9 g kg 1, 8.5, 8.8, 3.64 mS cm 1, 21.3 cmol kg 1 respectively. Data were analysed using SAS 9.0 software with a 95 confidence interval. The results revealed a significant increment in total N, exchangeable K, C N ratio, EC and CEC in aerated piles compared to controls. And the nutrient composition of both methods was significantly higher than the commercial compost. Therefore, it can be concluded that decomposition time can be effectively reduced and the nutrient level can be increased by artificial aeration and nutrient enrichment, respectively. However, further studies are recommended to study the economic feasibility. D. M. S. H. Dissanayaka | V. P. T. Dhananjaya | E. J. Kosgollegedara | S. Karthigayini "Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compost" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38557.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/38557/impact-of-improved-aeration-on-decomposition-rate-of-enriched-compost/d-m-s-h-dissanayaka
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of inoculum to substrate ratio on biogas production from anaerobically digested goat paunch manure. Goat paunch manure was digested at different inoculum to substrate ratios of 1.45, 2.2, and 4.3 in biodigesters labeled R15, R10, and R5, respectively, under mesophilic conditions. Results showed that biogas production rate peaked earliest in R10 and latest in R15, but inoculum to substrate ratio did not significantly affect production rate. However, biogas production accumulation increased from 0.44273 to 1.00783 Nm3/kg VS with increasing inoculum to substrate ratio
Effects of concentration and catalyst on the kinetics of biogas production fr...Alexander Decker
This document describes a study that investigated the effects of concentration and catalyst on biogas production from cattle dung at thermophilic temperature (37°C). Five reactors containing cattle dung slurries of varying concentrations (20-60g/250cm3) with and without added yeast catalyst (1.0-3.0g) were fermented for 16 days. The average volumes of biogas produced were used to evaluate kinetics parameters like rate of biogas production, rate constants, fraction of catalyst involved in reactions, and saturation constants using appropriate equations. The research revealed that biogas production increased with concentration and addition of catalyst up to a point, and that the reactions followed first order kinetics.
World reserves of petroleum are rapidly depleting, in recent years methane from biogas has emerged as important alternative resource for fuel and chemicals production and has generated a great deal of research interest in methane production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic raw material in the world. Production of methane as second-generation biofuels from renewable lignocellulosic resources may improve energy availability, decrease air pollution and diminish atmospheric CO2 emissions. The use of wheat straw does not affect the food supply; thus, wheat straw was analyzed as a raw material for second-generation biofuels production. The aim of this paper is to present a thermodynamic analysis for methane production from lignin-based aromatics (vanillin) with the method of Gibbs free energy minimization using the Aspen Plus® simulator. The analysis was carried out using the interval 350-1500 K, feeding a H2O/Vanillin ratio (WVR) of 0.6 to 5.0, 1 atm. The results showed that the vanillin conversion was almost completed, except at the highest vanillin feed concentration, in which the conversion was of 65%. Methane yields from 2 to 4 mol CH4/mol vanillin were obtained at high and low vanillin feed concentrations, respectively, when operating at low temperature.
This document outlines a course on renewable energy systems taught at Jordan University of Science and Technology. It contains the following key points:
1. The course is taught by Professor Ghassan M. Tashtoush and covers topics such as the definition of biogas, components of biogas plants, the biogas process, design of biogas digesters, and a case study.
2. Biogas is a renewable energy source produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. It consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide.
3. The major applications of biogas include lighting, cooking, and power generation. Proper design of biogas digesters is important for efficient biogas production.
GHG emissions in an intensive agriculture scenario 2.0Ramanjaneyulu GV
GHG emissions from intensive agriculture in India are significant. The intensive agriculture model relies on heavy use of external inputs like chemical fertilizers and is linear rather than cyclical. Chemical fertilizer production and use, including urea, accounts for nearly 100 million tons of CO2-eq emissions annually in India or around 6% of total emissions. Methane emissions from rice cultivation, livestock, and large dams also contribute substantially to India's GHG emissions. Burning of rice and wheat straw releases millions of tons of pollutants and lost nutrients annually. Climate change will negatively impact agriculture through rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather. Sustainable agricultural models that are less input-intensive and align more with natural
This document summarizes research on biogas production from chicken manure through anaerobic digestion. The researchers conducted a full-scale analysis of biogas production from chicken manure over 217 days. They found that an acclimation period is required for the anaerobic digestion process to adapt to the manure feedstock. During acclimation, biogas production and process efficiency decreased due to ammonium inhibition but later stabilized. The study determined that chicken manure has the potential to produce 312±23 L of methane per kg of volatile solids added. Once adapted, the anaerobic digestion system was able to process over 5,000 tons of manure with 93% efficiency at an organic loading rate of 3.14
This study evaluated the life cycle assessment of organically grown cotton from cultivation to disposal. Key findings include that field emissions significantly contributed to environmental impact categories like eutrophication and acidification. Fertilizer production was also an important contributor to impacts. Compared to conventional cotton, organic cotton showed potential savings of 46% for global warming potential, 70% for acidification potential, 26% for eutrophication, 91% for blue water consumption, and 62% for non-renewable energy demand. These reductions were largely due to avoiding mineral fertilizers and pesticides in organic systems.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
STUDY ON BIO-METHANATION USING POULTRY DROPPING-Abdullah Nasir PulakAbdullah Pulak
This study examined biogas production from poultry droppings through anaerobic digestion with cow dung. Four laboratory reactors were tested with varying ratios of poultry droppings and cow dung. Reactor D2, with 75% poultry droppings and 25% cow dung, produced the highest volatile solid reduction (53%), specific gas yield (0.72 l/g), and methane content (73.2%). Poultry droppings alone were found to be unsuitable due to a low carbon-nitrogen ratio, but mixing with cow dung increased the ratio and improved biogas production. The study suggests anaerobic digestion of poultry droppings mixed with cow dung can effectively produce
Technologies Involved in Biomass to Energy Conversion and its Utilization in ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses biomass conversion technologies used in India to generate energy from biomass. It begins with an introduction to biomass as a renewable energy source and India's growing installed capacity of renewable energy. It then describes the various types of biomass resources available in India, including wood/agricultural waste, solid waste, landfill gas, and biofuels. The major technologies currently used at large scale in India are discussed - co-firing of biomass with coal, gasification of biomass, and anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas. While biomass energy has benefits, issues associated with large-scale usage include potential environmental impacts if forest resources are overexploited and public health impacts if biomass
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes a study that optimized biogas production from poultry manure wastewater through anaerobic digestion. The poultry manure was characterized, pre-treated to remove excess ammonia, and used as a substrate. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of agitation rate and reaction time on biogas yield. The maximum biogas yield of 4.45 mL/g COD occurred at 120 rpm agitation and 3.3 days reaction time.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document discusses food waste management and recycling strategies. It begins with an abstract stating that the project focuses on converting food waste into value-added by-products through recycling, as most food waste currently ends up in landfills releasing greenhouse gases. The document then provides details on three food waste recycling methods - producing biofuel through microbial conversion of food waste carbohydrates and lipids, producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil through trans-esterification, and composting food waste into fertilizer through microbial breakdown in the presence of air.
This document describes a project to design an energy-producing waste treatment system using anaerobic co-digestion of organic wastes from the University of Arkansas Swine and Poultry Units coupled with algae cultivation. A prototype was constructed and tested to generate data for designing a full-scale system. The full-scale system was designed to treat all biological wastes from the units while producing net energy and retaining nutrients that could be used as fertilizer.
IRJET- Pelleting Machine for Biogas Slurry as an Organic Manure : A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews pelletization technology for biogas slurry as an organic manure. Biogas slurry contains high moisture content which makes it difficult to handle, transport, and store. Pelletization can improve these issues by compressing the slurry into solid pellet form. The document discusses different pelletization techniques and machines. It also examines the properties and performance of biogas slurry pellets as well as the economic feasibility of the pelletization process. The review concludes that pelletization is an effective solution for reducing the storage area and transportation costs of biogas slurry by converting it into compact pellet form.
This document summarizes a study on modeling the anaerobic biodegradation of fruit, vegetable, and cooked oil waste. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the cumulative biogas production from digesting mixtures of these substrates. Four kinetic models (exponential, Cone, Fitzhugh, and Gompertz) were used to analyze degradation performance and estimate the rate constant (k). Statistical analysis found the models fit the observed data well. A dynamic model was also developed and provided a good interpretation of the experimental process. The results showed k values were similar for vegetable and fruit digestion but different for digestion with oil.
IRJET - Evaluation of Biogas Production from Fishwaste with Three Other Co-Di...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates biogas production from fish waste using different co-digesters, including baggase, paper waste, and dry leaves. An experiment was conducted with three containers of fish waste mixed in equal proportion with cow dung and one of the three co-digesters. The results found that paper waste produced the maximum biogas yield of 188 ml/kg. Further experiments determined that a mixture of 8kg fish waste, 2kg paper waste, and 2kg cow dung produced the highest yield of 286 ml/kg. The study concludes that paper waste is the most effective co-digester for maximizing biogas production from fish waste.
This document discusses converting organic food waste and cow manure into methane gas through anaerobic digestion to provide energy for rural homes in developing nations. It describes the multi-step anaerobic digestion process of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis carried out by obligate anaerobes. An experiment is proposed to test different ratios of food waste and cow manure to determine the optimal ratio for highest methane production. The methane gas could then be captured and combusted to provide energy for heating or cooking, addressing both energy scarcity and waste pollution issues in a sustainable way.
The document discusses China's energy crisis and strategies to address it, including developing alternative energy sources. It focuses on utilizing agricultural waste as a biomass resource through fast pyrolysis. Specifically, it details the process of fast pyrolysis of biomass like rice husks to produce bio-oil, experiments demonstrating bio-oil properties and combustion, and potential pathways for upgrading bio-oil into chemicals and gasoline.
This document proposes a study to investigate the utilization of donkey dung for biogas production in Lamu County, Kenya. Donkey dung is readily available but currently a nuisance, littering towns. The study aims to assess biogas production from different mixtures of donkey dung and cow dung in flexi bag digesters. Five treatments mixing donkey and cow dung at ratios of 25-75%, 50-50%, 75-25%, 100% donkey dung, and 100% cow dung (control) will be evaluated. The volume of biogas produced daily will be measured to determine if co-digesting donkey and cow dung can improve biogas yields for energy needs in Lamu
Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compostijtsrd
Agricultural activities tend to generate a substantial volume of animal and crop residues. Composting is the most economical and ecologically sustainable option to manage farmyard waste. However, it takes approximately three months to complete decomposition and contains lower plant nutrient percentages than inorganic fertilisers. This study aimed to reduce the decomposition time and improve the nutrient content of compost. Aerobic decomposition was enhanced by aeration inside the pile using a blower with 0.5 l min kg airflow. Paddy straw, poultry manure, goat manure, cattle manure and paddy husk ash were mixed in 3 1 1 1 1 ratio respectively as the raw materials and 3 of Eppawala Rock Phosphate was added to the mixture in weight basis. Six piles 150 X 100 X 80 cm were prepared, and three piles were aerated for six hours per day while other three piles were left to decompose under the ambient condition as the control. According to the results, aerated and control piles took 35 days and 65 days to complete the decomposition. Total N, available P, exchangeable K, C N ratio, pH, EC and CEC were analysed in compost samples from aerated after 35 days and controls, and the results were, 20.5 g kg 1, 1.8 g kg 1, 10.4 g kg 1, 7, 8.8, 4.3 mS cm 1, 19.3 cmol kg 1 and 17.8 g kg 1, 1.5 g kg 1, 9.9 g kg 1, 8.5, 8.8, 3.64 mS cm 1, 21.3 cmol kg 1 respectively. Data were analysed using SAS 9.0 software with a 95 confidence interval. The results revealed a significant increment in total N, exchangeable K, C N ratio, EC and CEC in aerated piles compared to controls. And the nutrient composition of both methods was significantly higher than the commercial compost. Therefore, it can be concluded that decomposition time can be effectively reduced and the nutrient level can be increased by artificial aeration and nutrient enrichment, respectively. However, further studies are recommended to study the economic feasibility. D. M. S. H. Dissanayaka | V. P. T. Dhananjaya | E. J. Kosgollegedara | S. Karthigayini "Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compost" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38557.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/38557/impact-of-improved-aeration-on-decomposition-rate-of-enriched-compost/d-m-s-h-dissanayaka
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of inoculum to substrate ratio on biogas production from anaerobically digested goat paunch manure. Goat paunch manure was digested at different inoculum to substrate ratios of 1.45, 2.2, and 4.3 in biodigesters labeled R15, R10, and R5, respectively, under mesophilic conditions. Results showed that biogas production rate peaked earliest in R10 and latest in R15, but inoculum to substrate ratio did not significantly affect production rate. However, biogas production accumulation increased from 0.44273 to 1.00783 Nm3/kg VS with increasing inoculum to substrate ratio
Effects of concentration and catalyst on the kinetics of biogas production fr...Alexander Decker
This document describes a study that investigated the effects of concentration and catalyst on biogas production from cattle dung at thermophilic temperature (37°C). Five reactors containing cattle dung slurries of varying concentrations (20-60g/250cm3) with and without added yeast catalyst (1.0-3.0g) were fermented for 16 days. The average volumes of biogas produced were used to evaluate kinetics parameters like rate of biogas production, rate constants, fraction of catalyst involved in reactions, and saturation constants using appropriate equations. The research revealed that biogas production increased with concentration and addition of catalyst up to a point, and that the reactions followed first order kinetics.
World reserves of petroleum are rapidly depleting, in recent years methane from biogas has emerged as important alternative resource for fuel and chemicals production and has generated a great deal of research interest in methane production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic raw material in the world. Production of methane as second-generation biofuels from renewable lignocellulosic resources may improve energy availability, decrease air pollution and diminish atmospheric CO2 emissions. The use of wheat straw does not affect the food supply; thus, wheat straw was analyzed as a raw material for second-generation biofuels production. The aim of this paper is to present a thermodynamic analysis for methane production from lignin-based aromatics (vanillin) with the method of Gibbs free energy minimization using the Aspen Plus® simulator. The analysis was carried out using the interval 350-1500 K, feeding a H2O/Vanillin ratio (WVR) of 0.6 to 5.0, 1 atm. The results showed that the vanillin conversion was almost completed, except at the highest vanillin feed concentration, in which the conversion was of 65%. Methane yields from 2 to 4 mol CH4/mol vanillin were obtained at high and low vanillin feed concentrations, respectively, when operating at low temperature.
This document outlines a course on renewable energy systems taught at Jordan University of Science and Technology. It contains the following key points:
1. The course is taught by Professor Ghassan M. Tashtoush and covers topics such as the definition of biogas, components of biogas plants, the biogas process, design of biogas digesters, and a case study.
2. Biogas is a renewable energy source produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. It consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide.
3. The major applications of biogas include lighting, cooking, and power generation. Proper design of biogas digesters is important for efficient biogas production.
GHG emissions in an intensive agriculture scenario 2.0Ramanjaneyulu GV
GHG emissions from intensive agriculture in India are significant. The intensive agriculture model relies on heavy use of external inputs like chemical fertilizers and is linear rather than cyclical. Chemical fertilizer production and use, including urea, accounts for nearly 100 million tons of CO2-eq emissions annually in India or around 6% of total emissions. Methane emissions from rice cultivation, livestock, and large dams also contribute substantially to India's GHG emissions. Burning of rice and wheat straw releases millions of tons of pollutants and lost nutrients annually. Climate change will negatively impact agriculture through rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather. Sustainable agricultural models that are less input-intensive and align more with natural
This document summarizes research on biogas production from chicken manure through anaerobic digestion. The researchers conducted a full-scale analysis of biogas production from chicken manure over 217 days. They found that an acclimation period is required for the anaerobic digestion process to adapt to the manure feedstock. During acclimation, biogas production and process efficiency decreased due to ammonium inhibition but later stabilized. The study determined that chicken manure has the potential to produce 312±23 L of methane per kg of volatile solids added. Once adapted, the anaerobic digestion system was able to process over 5,000 tons of manure with 93% efficiency at an organic loading rate of 3.14
This study evaluated the life cycle assessment of organically grown cotton from cultivation to disposal. Key findings include that field emissions significantly contributed to environmental impact categories like eutrophication and acidification. Fertilizer production was also an important contributor to impacts. Compared to conventional cotton, organic cotton showed potential savings of 46% for global warming potential, 70% for acidification potential, 26% for eutrophication, 91% for blue water consumption, and 62% for non-renewable energy demand. These reductions were largely due to avoiding mineral fertilizers and pesticides in organic systems.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
STUDY ON BIO-METHANATION USING POULTRY DROPPING-Abdullah Nasir PulakAbdullah Pulak
This study examined biogas production from poultry droppings through anaerobic digestion with cow dung. Four laboratory reactors were tested with varying ratios of poultry droppings and cow dung. Reactor D2, with 75% poultry droppings and 25% cow dung, produced the highest volatile solid reduction (53%), specific gas yield (0.72 l/g), and methane content (73.2%). Poultry droppings alone were found to be unsuitable due to a low carbon-nitrogen ratio, but mixing with cow dung increased the ratio and improved biogas production. The study suggests anaerobic digestion of poultry droppings mixed with cow dung can effectively produce
Technologies Involved in Biomass to Energy Conversion and its Utilization in ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses biomass conversion technologies used in India to generate energy from biomass. It begins with an introduction to biomass as a renewable energy source and India's growing installed capacity of renewable energy. It then describes the various types of biomass resources available in India, including wood/agricultural waste, solid waste, landfill gas, and biofuels. The major technologies currently used at large scale in India are discussed - co-firing of biomass with coal, gasification of biomass, and anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas. While biomass energy has benefits, issues associated with large-scale usage include potential environmental impacts if forest resources are overexploited and public health impacts if biomass
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes a study that optimized biogas production from poultry manure wastewater through anaerobic digestion. The poultry manure was characterized, pre-treated to remove excess ammonia, and used as a substrate. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of agitation rate and reaction time on biogas yield. The maximum biogas yield of 4.45 mL/g COD occurred at 120 rpm agitation and 3.3 days reaction time.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document discusses food waste management and recycling strategies. It begins with an abstract stating that the project focuses on converting food waste into value-added by-products through recycling, as most food waste currently ends up in landfills releasing greenhouse gases. The document then provides details on three food waste recycling methods - producing biofuel through microbial conversion of food waste carbohydrates and lipids, producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil through trans-esterification, and composting food waste into fertilizer through microbial breakdown in the presence of air.
This document describes a project to design an energy-producing waste treatment system using anaerobic co-digestion of organic wastes from the University of Arkansas Swine and Poultry Units coupled with algae cultivation. A prototype was constructed and tested to generate data for designing a full-scale system. The full-scale system was designed to treat all biological wastes from the units while producing net energy and retaining nutrients that could be used as fertilizer.
IRJET- Pelleting Machine for Biogas Slurry as an Organic Manure : A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews pelletization technology for biogas slurry as an organic manure. Biogas slurry contains high moisture content which makes it difficult to handle, transport, and store. Pelletization can improve these issues by compressing the slurry into solid pellet form. The document discusses different pelletization techniques and machines. It also examines the properties and performance of biogas slurry pellets as well as the economic feasibility of the pelletization process. The review concludes that pelletization is an effective solution for reducing the storage area and transportation costs of biogas slurry by converting it into compact pellet form.
This document summarizes a study on modeling the anaerobic biodegradation of fruit, vegetable, and cooked oil waste. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the cumulative biogas production from digesting mixtures of these substrates. Four kinetic models (exponential, Cone, Fitzhugh, and Gompertz) were used to analyze degradation performance and estimate the rate constant (k). Statistical analysis found the models fit the observed data well. A dynamic model was also developed and provided a good interpretation of the experimental process. The results showed k values were similar for vegetable and fruit digestion but different for digestion with oil.
IRJET- Biogas Production from Municipal Solid Waste:- A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews biogas production from municipal solid waste via anaerobic digestion. It discusses key factors that affect biogas production such as temperature, pH, carbon-nitrogen ratio, total solids and volatile solids. The document reviews several past studies on biogas production from waste materials like cattle manure, fruit and vegetable waste, and municipal waste. It finds that biogas yield varies significantly depending on factors like feedstock used and digestion conditions. The maximum reported methane yield was 404 ml/g VS from wheat plant waste, while the minimum was 0.40 Nm3/kgVS from waste in Varanasi, India. Further optimization of digestion systems is needed to improve biogas production efficiency from municipal solid waste
IRJET- Energy Conservation and Generation through Biodegradable Solid Waste- ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on a compact biogas plant designed to treat organic solid waste. Key points:
- A biogas plant was installed using two connected water tanks to digest used tea powder from a canteen.
- The system effectively reduced waste volume and organic load while producing biogas.
- The digester performance and gas production were good, and operation/maintenance was easier than conventional plants.
- The system offers a decentralized organic waste treatment option that generates renewable energy and fertilizer.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
IRJET- Methanogenesis of Prosopis JulifloraIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on producing biogas from the invasive plant species Prosopis juliflora through anaerobic digestion. Waste water sludge was used as the substrate. Three bioreactors were fabricated with varying ratios of shredded P. juliflora biomass to sludge. Characteristics of the biomass and sludge were analyzed. Methane potential tests were conducted to analyze biogas production efficiency for different biomass to sludge ratios. The conclusions determined the most efficient ratio for biogas production from P. juliflora.
Potentiality of Biogas Production in Mubi Slaughtering Houses, Northeastern N...ijtsrd
Intensive demand heat and electricity by slaughtering houses required an improve understanding of existing production of biogas in order to increase their efficiency, productivity, flexibility and to maintain balance of the ecosystem. It is important for this study to find out how potentially the biogas production is to be harvested for heat and electricity in Mubi slaughtering houses. It was found that the estimated volume of biogas, were viable for harvesting 167.47 KWh m3 and 83.73 kWh m3 of heat and electricity respectively for Mubi North, while 167.47 KWh m3 and 10.11 kWh m3 of heat and electricity for Mubi South daily. Therefore, authors recommends for further studies, if were implement to achieve maximum yield of biogas. A. S. Umar | N. W. Silikwa "Potentiality of Biogas Production in Mubi Slaughtering Houses, Northeastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38019.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/38019/potentiality-of-biogas-production-in-mubi-slaughtering-houses-northeastern-nigeria/a-s-umar
IRJET- Solid Waste Management for Palghar CityIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed plan for improving solid waste management in Palghar City, India through the use of vermicomposting. Currently, Palghar faces issues with solid waste disposal due to increases in population. The authors propose designing a vermicompost plant at the existing dumping site to help manage waste. Vermicomposting uses earthworms to break down organic waste into a nutrient-rich compost. The document outlines the methodology, including waste collection, segregation, testing moisture and ash content, and the vermicomposting process. Results found waste suitable for vermicomposting due to high moisture and volatile content. The conclusion states that properly managed compost can be sold as a
Utilization of Food Waste to Produce BiodieselIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing food waste to produce biodiesel. Food waste was collected from a university campus and analyzed. It had moisture contents ranging from 5.2-7.2% depending on drying method. Lipid extraction yielded 15.8% lipids. Gas chromatography identified various fatty acids present including lauric, mystric, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, indicating potential for biodiesel production. Transesterification of the lipids produced 31.9% biodiesel. Testing found the biodiesel met various standards for density, viscosity and other properties, suggesting food waste is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production.
IRJET- Conversion of Solid Organic Kitchen Waste into Useful CompostIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a machine to convert solid organic kitchen waste into useful compost. The machine aims to directly pulverize the waste through a squeezing and grinding process. This addresses the initial particle size reduction step required for most composting methods. The machine design incorporates a squeezer to remove water from the waste and two grinding stones - one stationary and one rotating - to pulverize the dried waste into smaller particles. The resulting compost can then be used to improve soil quality and provide nutrients for plants. The machine aims to efficiently utilize kitchen waste on a small household scale while reducing environmental pollution.
IRJET- Design of Biogas Plant for Food Waste and Evaluation of Biogas Generat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that designed a biogas plant for food waste generated at a college in India and evaluated the efficiency of biogas production from various co-digester mixtures added to the food waste. The researchers conducted a survey that found the college generates an average of 100kg of food waste per day. They designed a fixed dome biogas plant based on this amount of waste with a gas production rate of 24 cubic meters per day. Experiments tested co-digesters of water hyacinth, algae, cow dung, and sugar cane added to food waste in a 1:1 ratio, finding water hyacinth improved overall biogas plant efficiency the most. The study concluded a biogas plant using a
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, which is a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, which is a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
1) The document describes a study on designing and fabricating a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste.
2) The goals of the study were to produce alternative energy from biogas in an effective and cost-efficient manner, while also generating high-quality fertilizer.
3) Kitchen waste was collected from hostel mess halls at a university to use as feedstock for a 20L laboratory-scale biogas reactor to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion.
Anaerobic Digestion of Biodegradable Organics in Municipal Solid Wastes in Na...IRJET Journal
This document discusses anaerobic digestion of biodegradable organics in municipal solid waste in Nashik City, India. It summarizes that anaerobic digestion uses bacteria in an oxygen-free environment to decompose waste into carbon dioxide and methane, which can be used to generate biogas and electricity. The document outlines the methodology, including using food waste collected from the city and monitoring pH and temperature during digestion. Results found that anaerobic digestion reduced biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand by 35-55% and pH was maintained between 7.1-7.9. The conclusion is that anaerobic digestion is an effective method for treating food waste to produce biogas while controlling environmental impacts.
Biogas Production from Water Hyacinth and Cow dungijtsrd
In the quest for sustainable and eco friendly energy solutions, renewable energy biogas technology stands out as a promising option, offering zero waste energy generation. River water hyacinths, known for their rapid and abundant growth, hold great potential in this domain. Rich in cellulose, nitrogen, essential nutrients, and fermentable components, water hyacinth leaves present an ideal source for biogas fuel production. Notably, their high hemicellulose content allows for efficient biogas generation. This study focuses on harnessing the biogas potential of water hyacinths readily available in river ecosystems. The experimental setup involved employing water hyacinth, cow dung, and water at various ratios using the batch fermentation technique. Daily monitoring of biogas production was conducted throughout the 60 day degradation process until the desired gas production levels were achieved, alongside effective degradation of the biomass. An essential factor explored in this study was the Carbon to Nitrogen C N ratio, recognized as a critical determinant for successful biogas production. The research findings revealed that a C N ratio of 30.75 proved to be optimal for this specific experiment. This research contributes valuable insights into the potential of renewable biogas technology, highlighting the significance of utilizing water hyacinths as a viable and sustainable energy resource, while also offering a greener approach to address environmental challenges. Srinivas Kasulla | S J Malik | Gaurav Kathpal | Anjani Yadav "Biogas Production from Water Hyacinth and Cow dung" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59703.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/59703/biogas-production-from-water-hyacinth-and-cow-dung/srinivas-kasulla
Induced mutational studies on saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol product...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Treatment of Dairy Industry Wastewater by Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on treating dairy industry wastewater using a hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The dairy wastewater has high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total solids that require treatment before disposal. The study constructed a laboratory-scale UASB reactor and analyzed parameters like BOD, COD, pH, and total solids at different hydraulic retention times. Results showed reductions in BOD and COD and increases in pH and total solids, with optimal treatment achieved at a 36 hour retention time. The UASB reactor was found to effectively treat dairy wastewater through simple biological processes.
IRJET- Production and Analysis of Biogas from Municipal Solid WasteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the production and analysis of biogas from municipal solid waste. A biogas plant in Indore, India with a capacity of 20 tons per day was used to generate biogas from fruit and vegetable waste through anaerobic digestion. The plant produces approximately 2400 cubic meters of bio-CNG per day after purification. Various parameters like pH, temperature, and chemical oxygen demand were measured to understand their effects on methane formation. The pH of the inlet digester was maintained between 5-6 and the outlet between 6-7.66. The maximum biogas yield of 0.7527 cubic meters was obtained at a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius through anaerobic digestion.
Similar to IRJET- Enhancement of Biogas Production by Co-Digestion of Fruit and Vegetable Waste with Cow Dung and Kinetic Modeling (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.