The document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of inoculum to substrate ratio on biogas production from anaerobically digested goat paunch manure. Goat paunch manure was digested at different inoculum to substrate ratios of 1.45, 2.2, and 4.3 in biodigesters labeled R15, R10, and R5, respectively, under mesophilic conditions. Results showed that biogas production rate peaked earliest in R10 and latest in R15, but inoculum to substrate ratio did not significantly affect production rate. However, biogas production accumulation increased from 0.44273 to 1.00783 Nm3/kg VS with increasing inoculum to substrate ratio
Performance Evaluation of the Effect of pH and Temperature on the Biogas Yiel...ijtsrd
In this research work, the effect of pH and temperature on the biogas yield of co-digestion of Pig manure and water hyacinth were investigated experimentally in laboratory scale anaerobic bioreactors. The co-digestion was run for a Hydraulic Retention Time thirty six days. The volumetric yield of biogas was noted once there is biogas build up at regular intervals using water displacement method. A total of ten evacuations were made and the data obtained was used to evaluate the effect of the aforementioned anaerobic digestion parameters. The experimental results revealed that a neutral pH value of 7 yielded optimum biogas yields compared to a pH value above and below 7. Moreover, from all the experimental mesophilic temperature used in this research work, an optimum mesophilic temperature of 37 oC favoured the optimum biogas yield. Nse Peter Essang "Performance Evaluation of the Effect of pH and Temperature on the Biogas Yield of Co-Digestion of Pig Manure and Water Hyacinth" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21410.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/gas-engineering/21410/performance-evaluation-of-the-effect-of-ph-and-temperature-on-the-biogas-yield-of-co-digestion-of-pig-manure-and-water-hyacinth/nse-peter-essang
Evaluation of Biogas Production from the Digestion of Swine Dung, Plantain Pe...IJCMESJOURNAL
This study centered on biogas production from locally available animal and kitchen wastes: swine dung (SD), plantain peel (PP) and fluted pumpkin stem (PS) using five 32-Litres metallic prototype digesters. The anaerobic digestion was in the ratio of 3:1 of water to waste for all the samples as follows: Sample A was 100%SD, Sample B; 100% PP, Sample C; 100% PS, Sample D; 50%SD+50%PP and Sample E; 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS. The retention time was 30 days and parameters like pH, pressure, daily biogas production, ambient and slurry temperatures alongside the physico-chemical properties of wastes were monitored. The cumulative gas production yield was 11.5L, 35.1L, 39.5L, 46.9L, 59.3L for Sample A, Sample B, Sample C, Sample D and Sample E respectively. The flammable time was 15th, 5th, 25th, 26th, 2nd day for sample A, sample B, sample C, sample D and sample E respectively. The result revealed that the blend of the 3 substrates i.e. sample E: 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS gave the highest yield of biogas and flamed earlier than the other samples while sample A: 100%SD had the lowest yield of biogas. The results also showed that the sample that had the highest composition of methane in the biogas produced was Sample D: 50%SD+50%PP with 85.6989% while the lowest composition of methane was found in Sample C to be 79.0996%. The TS, TVS, BOD and VS were seen to be consistently reducing showing the level of waste treatment achieved during the digestion period of 30 days.
At present our country is facing various problems, among that energy crisis has become more serious in next coming years. Both energy crisis and pollution problems could be controlled by adopting an alternative method of biogas production form waste products. Food waste is the best alternative for biogas production in a community level biogas plant. Hence in the present study, an attempt has been made to study the rate of biogas production in a lab scale biogas digester model for the efficient conversion of the food waste (starch –rich materials) generated from PRIST University Campus. The biogas production depends on the maximum biogas yield, the concentration of volatile solids of the input, the density of the effluent, the density of the biogas and the reaction rate constant, which are all substrate - or process - specific. The experiments were carried out for 40 days and the rate of gas production was measured by water displacement method. The pH value of the cow dung and food waste was initially measured and adjusted to nearer to neutral and gradually increased to acidic and again it got stabilised to the neutral pH which favoured the production of biogas. The percentage of total solids was 69.86, 93.56 and 25.67 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile solids was 52.5, 86.3 and 18.9 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile fatty acid was 285, 356 and 365 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. Observations on daily basis were made on the constituent of biogas, pH, volume and rate of biogas production. The rate of biogas production continuously increased as days progressed and there was maximum yield in biogas after 20 days. Thus continuous feeding helps in daily biogas production and can be used at a small as well as larger scale to manage the organic waste and energy production for various applications.
Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compostijtsrd
Agricultural activities tend to generate a substantial volume of animal and crop residues. Composting is the most economical and ecologically sustainable option to manage farmyard waste. However, it takes approximately three months to complete decomposition and contains lower plant nutrient percentages than inorganic fertilisers. This study aimed to reduce the decomposition time and improve the nutrient content of compost. Aerobic decomposition was enhanced by aeration inside the pile using a blower with 0.5 l min kg airflow. Paddy straw, poultry manure, goat manure, cattle manure and paddy husk ash were mixed in 3 1 1 1 1 ratio respectively as the raw materials and 3 of Eppawala Rock Phosphate was added to the mixture in weight basis. Six piles 150 X 100 X 80 cm were prepared, and three piles were aerated for six hours per day while other three piles were left to decompose under the ambient condition as the control. According to the results, aerated and control piles took 35 days and 65 days to complete the decomposition. Total N, available P, exchangeable K, C N ratio, pH, EC and CEC were analysed in compost samples from aerated after 35 days and controls, and the results were, 20.5 g kg 1, 1.8 g kg 1, 10.4 g kg 1, 7, 8.8, 4.3 mS cm 1, 19.3 cmol kg 1 and 17.8 g kg 1, 1.5 g kg 1, 9.9 g kg 1, 8.5, 8.8, 3.64 mS cm 1, 21.3 cmol kg 1 respectively. Data were analysed using SAS 9.0 software with a 95 confidence interval. The results revealed a significant increment in total N, exchangeable K, C N ratio, EC and CEC in aerated piles compared to controls. And the nutrient composition of both methods was significantly higher than the commercial compost. Therefore, it can be concluded that decomposition time can be effectively reduced and the nutrient level can be increased by artificial aeration and nutrient enrichment, respectively. However, further studies are recommended to study the economic feasibility. D. M. S. H. Dissanayaka | V. P. T. Dhananjaya | E. J. Kosgollegedara | S. Karthigayini "Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compost" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38557.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/38557/impact-of-improved-aeration-on-decomposition-rate-of-enriched-compost/d-m-s-h-dissanayaka
Biogas Production Enhancement from Mixed Animal Wastes at Mesophilic Anaerobi...IJERA Editor
In this work, the effect of mixing ratio of cattle dung (CD) and poultry droppings (PD) on biogas generation was
determined. Mixtures of various CD: PD ratios (100% : 0%; 50% : 50%; 60% : 40%; 80% : 20% and 0% :
100%) were prepared, analyzed and then aerobically digested for a period of 40 days. For each mixture,
fermentation was carried out in a 20 L capacity digester. Results showed that biogas was obtained from the
digestion of CD and PD alone, showing the biogas from CD was several times larger than that from PD.
Furthermore, the resulted biogas yields from mixtures were found a function of the CD : PD ratio, the yield from
the ratio 80 : 20 was the maximum. Biogas yields from the prepared mixtures were found and arranged from
larger to lower in the form of (CD : PD) ratios as follow: 80% : 20%; 100% : 0.0%; 60% : 40%; 0.0% :
100%;50% : 50%. Addition of CD to PD enhances the PD production of biogas, while addition of a small
portion of PD to CD gave the maximum yield, a result not determined in literature. In other hand, larger
additions of PD to CD reduced the biogas yield. The effect of pH was also determined and found better around
7.0. These results are in agreement with research work in literature.
Performance Evaluation of the Effect of pH and Temperature on the Biogas Yiel...ijtsrd
In this research work, the effect of pH and temperature on the biogas yield of co-digestion of Pig manure and water hyacinth were investigated experimentally in laboratory scale anaerobic bioreactors. The co-digestion was run for a Hydraulic Retention Time thirty six days. The volumetric yield of biogas was noted once there is biogas build up at regular intervals using water displacement method. A total of ten evacuations were made and the data obtained was used to evaluate the effect of the aforementioned anaerobic digestion parameters. The experimental results revealed that a neutral pH value of 7 yielded optimum biogas yields compared to a pH value above and below 7. Moreover, from all the experimental mesophilic temperature used in this research work, an optimum mesophilic temperature of 37 oC favoured the optimum biogas yield. Nse Peter Essang "Performance Evaluation of the Effect of pH and Temperature on the Biogas Yield of Co-Digestion of Pig Manure and Water Hyacinth" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21410.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/gas-engineering/21410/performance-evaluation-of-the-effect-of-ph-and-temperature-on-the-biogas-yield-of-co-digestion-of-pig-manure-and-water-hyacinth/nse-peter-essang
Evaluation of Biogas Production from the Digestion of Swine Dung, Plantain Pe...IJCMESJOURNAL
This study centered on biogas production from locally available animal and kitchen wastes: swine dung (SD), plantain peel (PP) and fluted pumpkin stem (PS) using five 32-Litres metallic prototype digesters. The anaerobic digestion was in the ratio of 3:1 of water to waste for all the samples as follows: Sample A was 100%SD, Sample B; 100% PP, Sample C; 100% PS, Sample D; 50%SD+50%PP and Sample E; 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS. The retention time was 30 days and parameters like pH, pressure, daily biogas production, ambient and slurry temperatures alongside the physico-chemical properties of wastes were monitored. The cumulative gas production yield was 11.5L, 35.1L, 39.5L, 46.9L, 59.3L for Sample A, Sample B, Sample C, Sample D and Sample E respectively. The flammable time was 15th, 5th, 25th, 26th, 2nd day for sample A, sample B, sample C, sample D and sample E respectively. The result revealed that the blend of the 3 substrates i.e. sample E: 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS gave the highest yield of biogas and flamed earlier than the other samples while sample A: 100%SD had the lowest yield of biogas. The results also showed that the sample that had the highest composition of methane in the biogas produced was Sample D: 50%SD+50%PP with 85.6989% while the lowest composition of methane was found in Sample C to be 79.0996%. The TS, TVS, BOD and VS were seen to be consistently reducing showing the level of waste treatment achieved during the digestion period of 30 days.
At present our country is facing various problems, among that energy crisis has become more serious in next coming years. Both energy crisis and pollution problems could be controlled by adopting an alternative method of biogas production form waste products. Food waste is the best alternative for biogas production in a community level biogas plant. Hence in the present study, an attempt has been made to study the rate of biogas production in a lab scale biogas digester model for the efficient conversion of the food waste (starch –rich materials) generated from PRIST University Campus. The biogas production depends on the maximum biogas yield, the concentration of volatile solids of the input, the density of the effluent, the density of the biogas and the reaction rate constant, which are all substrate - or process - specific. The experiments were carried out for 40 days and the rate of gas production was measured by water displacement method. The pH value of the cow dung and food waste was initially measured and adjusted to nearer to neutral and gradually increased to acidic and again it got stabilised to the neutral pH which favoured the production of biogas. The percentage of total solids was 69.86, 93.56 and 25.67 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile solids was 52.5, 86.3 and 18.9 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile fatty acid was 285, 356 and 365 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. Observations on daily basis were made on the constituent of biogas, pH, volume and rate of biogas production. The rate of biogas production continuously increased as days progressed and there was maximum yield in biogas after 20 days. Thus continuous feeding helps in daily biogas production and can be used at a small as well as larger scale to manage the organic waste and energy production for various applications.
Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compostijtsrd
Agricultural activities tend to generate a substantial volume of animal and crop residues. Composting is the most economical and ecologically sustainable option to manage farmyard waste. However, it takes approximately three months to complete decomposition and contains lower plant nutrient percentages than inorganic fertilisers. This study aimed to reduce the decomposition time and improve the nutrient content of compost. Aerobic decomposition was enhanced by aeration inside the pile using a blower with 0.5 l min kg airflow. Paddy straw, poultry manure, goat manure, cattle manure and paddy husk ash were mixed in 3 1 1 1 1 ratio respectively as the raw materials and 3 of Eppawala Rock Phosphate was added to the mixture in weight basis. Six piles 150 X 100 X 80 cm were prepared, and three piles were aerated for six hours per day while other three piles were left to decompose under the ambient condition as the control. According to the results, aerated and control piles took 35 days and 65 days to complete the decomposition. Total N, available P, exchangeable K, C N ratio, pH, EC and CEC were analysed in compost samples from aerated after 35 days and controls, and the results were, 20.5 g kg 1, 1.8 g kg 1, 10.4 g kg 1, 7, 8.8, 4.3 mS cm 1, 19.3 cmol kg 1 and 17.8 g kg 1, 1.5 g kg 1, 9.9 g kg 1, 8.5, 8.8, 3.64 mS cm 1, 21.3 cmol kg 1 respectively. Data were analysed using SAS 9.0 software with a 95 confidence interval. The results revealed a significant increment in total N, exchangeable K, C N ratio, EC and CEC in aerated piles compared to controls. And the nutrient composition of both methods was significantly higher than the commercial compost. Therefore, it can be concluded that decomposition time can be effectively reduced and the nutrient level can be increased by artificial aeration and nutrient enrichment, respectively. However, further studies are recommended to study the economic feasibility. D. M. S. H. Dissanayaka | V. P. T. Dhananjaya | E. J. Kosgollegedara | S. Karthigayini "Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compost" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38557.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/38557/impact-of-improved-aeration-on-decomposition-rate-of-enriched-compost/d-m-s-h-dissanayaka
Biogas Production Enhancement from Mixed Animal Wastes at Mesophilic Anaerobi...IJERA Editor
In this work, the effect of mixing ratio of cattle dung (CD) and poultry droppings (PD) on biogas generation was
determined. Mixtures of various CD: PD ratios (100% : 0%; 50% : 50%; 60% : 40%; 80% : 20% and 0% :
100%) were prepared, analyzed and then aerobically digested for a period of 40 days. For each mixture,
fermentation was carried out in a 20 L capacity digester. Results showed that biogas was obtained from the
digestion of CD and PD alone, showing the biogas from CD was several times larger than that from PD.
Furthermore, the resulted biogas yields from mixtures were found a function of the CD : PD ratio, the yield from
the ratio 80 : 20 was the maximum. Biogas yields from the prepared mixtures were found and arranged from
larger to lower in the form of (CD : PD) ratios as follow: 80% : 20%; 100% : 0.0%; 60% : 40%; 0.0% :
100%;50% : 50%. Addition of CD to PD enhances the PD production of biogas, while addition of a small
portion of PD to CD gave the maximum yield, a result not determined in literature. In other hand, larger
additions of PD to CD reduced the biogas yield. The effect of pH was also determined and found better around
7.0. These results are in agreement with research work in literature.
Comparison of kinetic models for biogas production rate from saw dusteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of key factors affecting biogas production from milk waste using...Lasbet Mohamed
The study was undertaken at Bechar University and focuses on production of biogas as an alternative energy by using milk waste of Igli milk factory. The optimization of the factors affected the anaerobic digestion using experimental design gave the following results: pH = 7.5, temperature (T= 38°C) and moisture content 90%. The application of these parameters conducted to an excellent production of the biogas. The experiments were carried out in two digesters and daily gas yield from milk waste was monitored for 70 days and the total volume of gas production was found to be 25.472 L. The measurement of
the percentages of the essentials nutriments needed for the
biomethanization gave the values of 48.28%, 2.857% (75.65 mg /kg P) and 5.56% for the total organic carbon, phosphorus and
nitrogen, respectively. The biogas formed is flammable, so very
rich in methane (62%).
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Experimental Study of CO2 Gasification of Biomethanation WasteIJERA Editor
Gasification is one of prominent thermochemical processes generally used to convert organic feedstock to combustible syngas (CO and H2). An experimental study of biomass gasification using carbon dioxide as an gasifying medium was carried out in a fixed bed gasifier. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the output syngas. The present study reported the results for producing syngas with CO2 as gasification agent and biomass (rice husk and bio-methanation waste) as raw material. The gasification was performed at 700-900°C respectively and CO2 flow rate was maintained at 0.5 lpm. Maximum syngas production found at high temperature (900°C). The syngas analysis showed higher hydrogen yield at higher temperatures.
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cassava Waste Water and Abdominal Cow Dung under Ch...IJCMESJOURNAL
Anaerobic co-digestion of cassava waste water (CWW) and abdominal cow dung (ACD)in different proportions was studied in five treatments under changing meteorological conditions. The five treatment cases T1: 100% CWW; T2: 100% ACD; T3: 90%CWW +10%ACD; T4:70%CWW+30%ACD; T5: 50%CWW+50%ACD were digested under anaerobic conditions in model batch, metallic bio digesters of same working volume (32.0 liters) for 30 days retention period. Results indicated that T2 system flamed on the 20th day, T5 on the 20th day while T1, T4 and T3 systems didn’t flame. T1 had cumulative gas yield of 12.7 liters; T2 had 28.85 liters; T3 had 12.5 liters,T4 had 11.1 liters while T5 had cumulative gas yield of 15.8 liters per 24kg mass of slurry. T2had 91.20% methane; while T5 produced 92.999% methane. Daily biogas yields were modeled as functions of meteorological parameters. Results indicated that many parameters showed good correlations with ambient temperature.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparison of kinetic models for biogas production rate from saw dusteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of key factors affecting biogas production from milk waste using...Lasbet Mohamed
The study was undertaken at Bechar University and focuses on production of biogas as an alternative energy by using milk waste of Igli milk factory. The optimization of the factors affected the anaerobic digestion using experimental design gave the following results: pH = 7.5, temperature (T= 38°C) and moisture content 90%. The application of these parameters conducted to an excellent production of the biogas. The experiments were carried out in two digesters and daily gas yield from milk waste was monitored for 70 days and the total volume of gas production was found to be 25.472 L. The measurement of
the percentages of the essentials nutriments needed for the
biomethanization gave the values of 48.28%, 2.857% (75.65 mg /kg P) and 5.56% for the total organic carbon, phosphorus and
nitrogen, respectively. The biogas formed is flammable, so very
rich in methane (62%).
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Experimental Study of CO2 Gasification of Biomethanation WasteIJERA Editor
Gasification is one of prominent thermochemical processes generally used to convert organic feedstock to combustible syngas (CO and H2). An experimental study of biomass gasification using carbon dioxide as an gasifying medium was carried out in a fixed bed gasifier. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the output syngas. The present study reported the results for producing syngas with CO2 as gasification agent and biomass (rice husk and bio-methanation waste) as raw material. The gasification was performed at 700-900°C respectively and CO2 flow rate was maintained at 0.5 lpm. Maximum syngas production found at high temperature (900°C). The syngas analysis showed higher hydrogen yield at higher temperatures.
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cassava Waste Water and Abdominal Cow Dung under Ch...IJCMESJOURNAL
Anaerobic co-digestion of cassava waste water (CWW) and abdominal cow dung (ACD)in different proportions was studied in five treatments under changing meteorological conditions. The five treatment cases T1: 100% CWW; T2: 100% ACD; T3: 90%CWW +10%ACD; T4:70%CWW+30%ACD; T5: 50%CWW+50%ACD were digested under anaerobic conditions in model batch, metallic bio digesters of same working volume (32.0 liters) for 30 days retention period. Results indicated that T2 system flamed on the 20th day, T5 on the 20th day while T1, T4 and T3 systems didn’t flame. T1 had cumulative gas yield of 12.7 liters; T2 had 28.85 liters; T3 had 12.5 liters,T4 had 11.1 liters while T5 had cumulative gas yield of 15.8 liters per 24kg mass of slurry. T2had 91.20% methane; while T5 produced 92.999% methane. Daily biogas yields were modeled as functions of meteorological parameters. Results indicated that many parameters showed good correlations with ambient temperature.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Influence of Organic Wastes on Ecotoxicity of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Conta...Premier Publishers
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of organic wastes on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a contaminated soil. Three groups of soil samples (60 kg per group) were contaminated with four petroleum products (spent engine oil, petrol, diesel and kerosene), mixed together in a volumetric ratio of 1:1:1:1. The first group was contaminated with 5% weight/weight (w/w) of the mixed petroleum products; the second group was contaminated with 10% (w/w) of the mixed petroleum products; while the third group was contaminated with 15% (w/w) of the mixed petroleum products. In the bioremediation process, 3 kg of soil from each contaminated group (5%, 10% and 15% contamination) was filled into plastic containers, and amended with 0.5 kg cattle dungs and 0.5 kg rice husk, and coded CD + RH; while another 3 kg from each contaminated group was filled into plastic containers, and amended with 0.5 kg cattle dungs and 0.5 kg sawdust, and was coded CD + SD. The total hydrocarbon content (THC) and ecotoxicity of the soils samples were determined in accordance to standards procedures. The results revealed that the soil contaminated with 5% petroleum products generally had the highest biodegradation rate. In term of the ecotoxicity of the petroleum hydrocarbons, the cucumber planted in the amended soil samples had a lower radicle growth inhibition rate; when compared with the control soil samples. This study revealed that a combination of organic waste materials can be effectively utilized in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Performance evaluation of Effluent Treatment Plant of Dairy IndustryIJERA Editor
Dairy industry is among the most polluting of the food industries in regard to its large water consumption. Dairy
is one of the major industries causing water pollution. Considering the increased milk demand, the dairy
industry in India is expected to grow rapidly and have the waste generation and related environmental problems
are also assumed increased importance. Poorly treated wastewater with high level of pollutants caused by poor
design, operation or treatment systems creates major environmental problems when discharged to the surface
land or water. Various operations in a dairy industry may include pasteurization, cream, cheese, milk powder
etc. Considering the above stated implications an attempt has been made in the present project to evaluate one of
the Effluent Treatment Plant for dairy waste. Samples are collected from three points; Collection tank (CT),
primary clarifier (PC) and Secondary clarifier (SC) to evaluate the performance of Effluent Treatment Plant.
Parameters analyzed for evaluation of performance of Effluent Treatment Plant are pH, TDS, TSS, COD, and
BOD at 200C The pH, TDS, TSS, COD and BOD removal efficiency of Effluent Treatment Plant were 26.14 %,
33.30 %, 93.85 %, 94.19 % and 98.19 % respectively.
The Use of in vitro Gas Production Technique as an Index of the Nutritive Val...IOSRJAVS
: The in vitro gas production technique was used to predict rumen fermentable organic matter, gas production kinetics, organic matter digestibility as well as metabolizable energy were evaluated in green shoot, leaves, fruits flesh and seed cakes of Ziziphus spina-christi tree. A gas production was measured by incubating samples in buffered rumen fluid from cannulated steer for 72 h. Total gas production was recorded at 0,3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation periods and kinetics of gas production was described. The chemical analysis of these Ziziphus spina-christi parts, showed that, Leaves contained high protein (14.77±0.23g/kg) and green shoot less protein (8.03±0.15g/kg),however, high ash content was observed in green shoot (10.03±0.07g/kg) compare to other parts. seed cakes has the highest crude fibre content in comparison to other parts (32.46±0.01),while fruits flesh contained the highest ether extract(72.39±0.03).The maximum gas volume was highest for fruits flesh followed by seed cakes, green shoot and leaves after 24hr of incubation. In this study flesh had a significantly higher (P<0.05) gas production from rapid soluble fraction (a) than the other parts, while Ziziphus spina-christi leaves showed the highest gas production from slowly degradable fraction (b) .Organic matter digestibility range was (51.90– 43.79%) and Metabolisable energy was found to be (9.16– 6.74MJ/kgDM) in the flesh and green shoot, respectively. It was concluded that, green shoots, leaves, fruit flesh and seed cake of Ziziphus spina-christi have the potential to be used as protein, energy and mineral supplements for ruminants especially during the dry season
Enhancing the Nutritive Values of Agrowastes for Animal Feed Production Using...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Fungi (Candida Tropicalis and Aspergillus ...IJEABJ
Used engine oil is a petroleum or synthetic oil that has been used and as a result of such use, is contaminated by physical and chemical pollutants. These pollutants are harmful to humans, animals and plants following exposure. Evaluation of the effectiveness of fungi in bioremediation of used engine oil (UEO) contaminated soil was investigated. Fungi were isolated from soil samples obtained from automobile workshops in Mgbuka-Nkpor, Nigeria. The isolates were screened for UEO biodegradation potentials in mineral salt broth. They were identified using the cultural and microscopic characteristics and confirmed using the 18SrRNA gene sequence. The effectiveness of the isolates in bioremediation of UEO contaminated soil was also investigated using bioaugmentation technique. A total of 8 fungal isolates were obtained from this study. Two that showed the highest extent of biodegradation of UEO in the screen flasks were identified and confirmed as Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus clavatus. At the end of the experimental period, oil contaminated soil inoculated with the mixed culture of the isolates (C. tropicalis and A. clavatus) showed the highest reduction in concentration of UEO (95.42%). Higher biodegradation rate and shorter half-life of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was observed in soil microcosm containing the isolates, when compared to the uninoculated control. Therefore fungi such as C. tropicalis and A. clavatus isolated from automobile workshops can facilitate the bioremediation of UEO contaminated soil.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
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• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
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This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Dzivama et al.: Effect of inoculum to substrate ration on biogas production from digested goat paunch
manure. AZOJETE, 10: 95-102
96
Researches to determine biogas potential of several substrates have been conducted for similar
purpose. Buswell and Mueller (1952), Baserga (1998) and Raposo et al. (2011) proposed
empirical relationship that utilizes the elemental or organic chemical compositions of biomass to
estimate its theoretical maximum biogas yield. Researchers (Chynoweth et al., 1993; Hansen et
al., 2004; Wymyslowski et al., 2010; Feng et al., 2013; Monch-Tegeder et al., 2013; Zhang et
al., 2013) have investigated the biochemical methane potential of several substrates and co-
substrates using batch method. They determined physicochemical compositions of substrate and
developed anaerobic assay for biogas production. The effects of operating parameters on biogas
potential have been investigated. Other researchers (Chynoweth et al., 1993; Labatut and Scott,
2008; Feng et al., 2013; Kheiredine et al., 2014) investigated the influence of inoculum to
substrate ratio by varying the amount of substrate added to inoculum. The effect of temperature
and pH were also investigated (Hashimoto et al., 1981). The optimum pH for anaerobic digestion
is between 7 and 8 (Angelidaki, 2002). Studies on modeling of biogas production accumulation
and conversion kinetics of several substrates have been conducted (Raghunathan et al., 2008;
Yusuf et al., 2011; Adiga et al., 2012; Feng et al., 2013) and results showed that substrates
different have different potential and conversion kinetics. The objectives of this study were to
evaluate the effect of inoculum to substrate ratio on biogas production of goat paunch manure
(GPM) under mesophilic condition (35o
C) and to simulate the biogas production accumulation.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Sample Collection, Conditioning and Characterization
2.1.1 Inoculum
For the purpose of this study cow dung was used as inoculum. Sample of fresh cow dung, 2 kg,
were collected at the Animal Farm, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria and taken to
Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering Laboratory of the institution for
experiments. In order to adapt the inoculums to mesophilic condition, the cow dung was diluted
in distilled water to 10% dry matter (DM) and transferred into a 4 liter glass bottle. The
headspace of the 4 liter glass bottle was flushed with a gas mixture of 80% N2 and 20% CO2 for
30 seconds and closed with a thick rubber septum which was held tight by a resin. The inoculum
solution was then incubated in a water bath at 35±1o
C. During incubation, the inoculum solution
was degassed completely by allowing gas build-up in the headspace to escape via a valve
controlled tube.
2.1.2 Substrate
Exactly 2 kg of fresh GPM was collected at animal slaughter house, Maiduguri. Sample collected
was stored over ice and delivered to the laboratory for experiment and analysis. Sub-sample of
GPM was collected and diluted to 15%, 10% and 5% (DM) and transferred separately into 2 liter
glass bottles and stored at 5o
C. The dilution to 15%, 10% and 5% involved dissolving 100 g of
GPM respectively with 16 g, 74 g, and 330 g water.
3. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment. August, 2014; Vol. 10: 95-102
97
2.1.3 Nutrient medium
A nutrient medium containing the following groups of nutrients and vitamins was prepared:
a. NaCl, MgCl2.6H2O, CaCl.2H2O
b. FeCl2.4H2O, ZnCl2, MnCl2.4H2O, (NH4)6Mo7O24
c. Folic acid and riboflavin
Medium nutrient was added to the digester in order to be a source of micronutrients, growth
factor vitamins and trace metal necessary for growth of microorganisms and to serve as a pH
buffer agent (Angelidaki, 2002). Stock solutions were prepared based on the recommendation of
Angelidaki (2002). This involves dissolving certain quantities (g) of the chemicals in group a, b
and c separately in one liter of distilled water. Samples of 10, 1 and 1 ml were respectively
collected from stock solutions a, b and c, and then added to 988 ml distilled water to obtain a
nutrient medium used for the experiment.
2.2 Physicochemical Composition Analysis
Fresh samples of the inoculum and GPM were analyzed for total solids (TS) and volatile solids
(VS) contents according to the standard method of American Public Health Association (APHA,
1992). TS was determined by oven drying sample at 95o
C until weight was constant and
subsequent oven drying TS for 1 hour at approximately 550o
C to determine proportion of matter
lost in the dried sample. To determine the carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and
ash content, GPM samples were analyzed at Soil Science laboratory, University of Maiduguri.
2.3 Batch Digestion Test
2.3.1 Batch digestion unit
The batch unit consisted of the following equipment:
A biodigester unit comprises of 250 ml glass bottle and a thick rubber septum with a
flexible rubber tube fixed on the rubber septum through an opening.
A thermostatically controlled water bath with a plastic rack used for agitating and support
biodigesters.
A 100 and 10 ml plastic syringe and gas pressure gauge
80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture.
2.3.2 Experimental procedure
In the experiment, 60 ml of the degassed inoculum (10% DM) was collected after shaking using
100 ml plastic syringe and transferred into a biodigester unit. Using the 10 ml and 100 ml plastic
syringes, 1 ml of nutrient medium and 30 ml of a GPM substrate solution were collected and
added to the biodigester unit containing the inoculum. The setup was prepared in 3 biodigesters
4. Dzivama et al.: Effect of inoculum to substrate ration on biogas production from digested goat paunch
manure. AZOJETE, 10: 95-102
98
labeled R15, R10 and R5 to contain inoculum to substrate (I/S) ratio of 1.45, 2.2 and 4.3
respectively, and a control (biodigester containing only inoculum). Biodigesters were flushed
with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and transferred into water bath preset at 35±1o
C
(mesophilic condition). The entire biodigester units were agitated twice a day. Biogas produced
was measured using gas pressure gauge twice daily at the initial stage and once daily toward the
final stage of the process until no more biogas was produced. After every measurement of biogas
accumulation over time biogas was allowed to escape in order to avoid pressure build up that
would exceed pressure gauge capacity. This experiment was replicated 3 times and average was
reported as biogas production.
2.4 Simulation of Biogas Production Accumulation
The experimental data of biogas production accumulation was simulated using the first order
exponential rise and modified Gompertz equations given as equations (1) and (2) respectively
B = BO (1 – exp(-k×t)) (1)
B = BO×exp{-exp[(Rm×e/BO)(Lt – t) + 1]} (2)
where: B is biogas production accumulation (Nm3
kg-1
VS) at time (day), t is digestion period
(days), BO is maximum biogas production (Nm3
kg-1
VS), k is first order kinetic constant, Rm is
maximum biogas production rate (Nm3
kg-1
VS d-1
), Lt duration (days) of lag phase and e is equal
to 2.718282.
2.5 Statistical analysis
Simple descriptive statistical analysis was used to report averages and standard deviations of
experimental data. Completely Randomized Design was used to investigate the effect of I/S
ratio. ANOVA test was used to verify if there was significant difference on biogas production
rate and accumulation. Statistix version 9 software was used to determine equation parameters
while Microsoft excel was used to plot graphs.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Characteristics of GPM and Inoculum
The physicochemical composition of GPM and inoculum determined are presented in Table 1.
The ash content of GPM was 18% which resulted to a relatively higher VS/TS ratio of 82%. This
VS/TS ratio indicates that GPM has high organic composition and could be a suitable substrate
for anaerobic digestion. The pH level of GPM was within optimum performance of anaerobic
digestion process.
5. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment. August, 2014; Vol. 10: 95-102
99
Table 1: Physicochemical compositions of SPM and inoculum
Moisture
content (%)
Total
solids%
(w.b)
Volatile
solids%
(w.b)
VS/TS
ratio
pH Carbohydrate%
(TS)
Crude
protein%
(TS)
Crude
fat%
(TS)
Crude
fiber%
(TS)
Ash%
(TS)
GPM 82.6(3.17) 17.2(0.76) 14.1(2.59) 0.82 7.6
(0.18)
38.9 (1.87) 12.1(0.89) 2(0.21) 26
(2.00)
18(0.99)
Inoculum 24.04
(3.13)
75.9(3.51) 67.6 (4.67) 0.89 ND* ND ND ND ND ND
ND means not determined
3.2 Biogas Production Rate and Accumulation
Experimental result showed no biogas produced from controlled biodigester over the digestion
period. Figure 1 (a) and (b) presents GPM biogas production rate and accumulation plots
respectively. The results showed that it took R15, R10 and R5 biodigesters 30, 29 and 30 days
respectively to complete digestion. It can be observed from Figure 1 (a) that the biogas
production rates were highly unstable, where R5 biodigester exhibited the maximum instability
rate followed by R10 and then R15 biodigesters. This instability could be due to high biomass
concentration. The peak (maximum) biogas production rate occurred in the order of R10
(0.08856 Nm3
kg-1
VS d-1
), R5 (0.07653 Nm3
kg-1
VS d-1
) and R15 (0.05824 Nm3
kg-1
VS d-1
), on
the 10th
, 9th
and 2nd
day of digestion period, respectively. Total accumulated biogas over
digestion period was found to be in the order of 1.00783, 0.84903 and 0.44273 Nm3
kg-1
VS in
R5, R10 and R15 biodigesters respectively (p=0.0074). Raghunathan et al., (2008) reported
similar biogas production accumulation values (0.382 to 1.1 Nm3
kg-1
VS). Experimental results
showed that 80% of total biogas production yield in R15, R10 and R5 biodigesters had
accumulated on the 14th
, 17th
and 19th
day of digestion period respectively.
Figure 1: Biogas production rate (a) and accumulation (b) in R15, R10 and R5 biodigesters
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Biogasproductionrate(Nm3kg-1VSd-1)
Digestion period (day)
(a)
R15
R10
R5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Biogasproductionaccum.(Nm3kg-1VS)
Digestion period (day)
(b)
R15
R10
R5
6. Dzivama et al.: Effect of inoculum to substrate ration on biogas production from digested goat paunch
manure. AZOJETE, 10: 95-102
100
3.3 Kinetic Parameters of Biogas Production Accumulation Simulation
First order exponential rise and modified Gompertz regression curves fitted into experimental
data of biogas production accumulation in R15, R10 and R5 biodigesters are presented in Figures
2 and 3. Table 2 presents the estimated biogas production accumulation values and kinetic
parameters of first order exponential rise and modified Gompertz equations in R15, R10 and R5
biodigesters. It can be seen that first order kinetic constant (k values) decreased as I/S ratio
increased. However the estimated biogas production accumulation increased as I/S ratio
increased. For modified Gompertz parameters, maximum daily biogas production rates are in the
order of 0.0555, 0.0495 and 0.022 Nm3
kg-1
VS d-1
in R10, R5 and R15 biodigesters respectively.
Estimated biogas production accumulation showed increase as I/S ratio increased.
Table 2: Experimental biogas production potential and kinetic parameters of first order kinetic
and modified Gompertz equations
First order
kinetic
equation
Modified
Gompertz
equation
Biodigester I/S
ratio
BPA
(Nm3
kg-1
VS)
Bo
(Nm3
kg-1
VS)
k
(d-1
)
R2
Bo
(Nm3
kg-1
VS)
Rm
(Nm3
kg-1
VSd-1
)
Lt
(day)
R2
R15 1.45 0.1208 0.4941 0.0829 0.9837 0.4705 0.022 -2.5 0.9992
R10 2.2 0.2316 1.455 0.0339 0.9602 0.8857 0.0555 2.9 0.9983
R5 4.3 0.2749 2.3635 0.021 0.9895 1.1706 0.0495 1.6 0.9983
Coefficient of determination (R2
) values of first order exponential rise equation ranged from
0.9602 to 0.9895, while R2
of modified Gompertz equation ranged from 0.9983 to 0.992 showing
slightly better simulation than those of first order exponential rise equation.
Figure 2: First order kinetic curve fitted into experimental data of biogas production
accumulation in R15, R10 and R5 biodigesters
7. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment. August, 2014; Vol. 10: 95-102
101
Figure 3: Modified Gompertz curve fitted into experimental data of biogas production
accumulation in R15, R10 and R5 biodigesters
4. Conclusion
Biogas production rates of GPM were highly unstable as I/S ratio increased from 1.45 to 4.3 and
showed no significant difference at higher I/S ratios. I/S ratio showed significant effect on biogas
production accumulation where biogas production accumulation increased from 0.4427 to
1.00783 Nm3
kg-1
VS with I/S ratio increase. Modified Gompertz regression of experimental data
showed better simulation of biogas production accumulation than first order kinetic regression.
References
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DC: American Public Health Association.
Baserga, U. 1998. Agricultural co-fermentation biogas plants: in biogas from organic wastes and
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