1) Aphron drilling fluids use microbubbles stabilized by polymers and surfactants to form a barrier against fluid losses in permeable rock formations.
2) Both water-based and oil-based aphron fluids have been used successfully to drill depleted reservoirs and non-reactive formations.
3) Aphrons are structured with an inner gas core protected by surfactant layers that give them both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, allowing them to resist coalescing while also sealing pores and fractures in formations.
This document discusses special core analysis techniques used to measure relative permeability in rock samples. Special core analysis involves flow experiments on core samples to determine two-phase flow properties and relative permeability. The document describes methods to measure relative permeability, including maintaining intimate contact between core samples during steady fluid flow. It also discusses factors that influence relative permeability measurements like wettability alterations and saturation history effects during gas and water displacement processes. Capillary pressure tests and different capillary pressure measurement methods are also summarized.
This document discusses sedimentation and settling tank design. It covers types of settling, zones in settling tanks, ideal settling conditions, design of settling basins, inlet and outlet arrangements, types of settling tanks including rectangular and circular, and objective and theory questions related to settling tank design and performance. Key factors discussed include overflow rate, flow velocity, detention time, settling velocity, and factors that affect settling efficiency such as turbulence.
Aquapro is the world’s finest purification system based from Dubai UAE. Our residential and commercial water quality improvement products include a wide range of reverse osmosis systems & residential water testing supplies.
Sedimentation is the process of removing solid particles from water via gravity. It is commonly used in water treatment after coagulation and flocculation. The document discusses sedimentation tank design and calculations for settling velocity based on particle size and density. Examples are provided to design rectangular and circular sedimentation tanks for pre-treating river water to remove grit and sand based on a flow rate of 20,000 m3/day and using an overflow rate of 31 m/hour.
This document provides an overview of sedimentation as a process for separating solids from liquids by gravity settling. It defines sedimentation and describes types such as plain sedimentation and sedimentation with coagulation. Batch sedimentation is explained through different settling zones. Rate of sedimentation and applications are discussed. Common equipment for batch sedimentation include thickeners and clarifiers. Thickeners are used to concentrate solids while clarifiers purify liquids. Circular and parallel plate clarifiers are described.
Routine core analysis and special core analysisShujaSamejo
Routine and special core analysis are two categories of core analysis. Routine core analysis provides basic properties like porosity, permeability, and saturation. Special core analysis extends this data through additional experiments to determine properties like capillary pressure, relative permeability, and wettability which are used to better understand reservoir performance. Proper handling and preservation of core samples is important to maintain their original state for accurate analysis.
Get details of companies offering supreme quality of Reverse Osmosis Plant at market leading prices. The plant is capable of handling all types of contaminants.
Aquapro is the world’s finest purification system based from Dubai UAE. Our residential and commercial water quality improvement products include a wide range of reverse osmosis systems & residential water testing supplies.
This document discusses special core analysis techniques used to measure relative permeability in rock samples. Special core analysis involves flow experiments on core samples to determine two-phase flow properties and relative permeability. The document describes methods to measure relative permeability, including maintaining intimate contact between core samples during steady fluid flow. It also discusses factors that influence relative permeability measurements like wettability alterations and saturation history effects during gas and water displacement processes. Capillary pressure tests and different capillary pressure measurement methods are also summarized.
This document discusses sedimentation and settling tank design. It covers types of settling, zones in settling tanks, ideal settling conditions, design of settling basins, inlet and outlet arrangements, types of settling tanks including rectangular and circular, and objective and theory questions related to settling tank design and performance. Key factors discussed include overflow rate, flow velocity, detention time, settling velocity, and factors that affect settling efficiency such as turbulence.
Aquapro is the world’s finest purification system based from Dubai UAE. Our residential and commercial water quality improvement products include a wide range of reverse osmosis systems & residential water testing supplies.
Sedimentation is the process of removing solid particles from water via gravity. It is commonly used in water treatment after coagulation and flocculation. The document discusses sedimentation tank design and calculations for settling velocity based on particle size and density. Examples are provided to design rectangular and circular sedimentation tanks for pre-treating river water to remove grit and sand based on a flow rate of 20,000 m3/day and using an overflow rate of 31 m/hour.
This document provides an overview of sedimentation as a process for separating solids from liquids by gravity settling. It defines sedimentation and describes types such as plain sedimentation and sedimentation with coagulation. Batch sedimentation is explained through different settling zones. Rate of sedimentation and applications are discussed. Common equipment for batch sedimentation include thickeners and clarifiers. Thickeners are used to concentrate solids while clarifiers purify liquids. Circular and parallel plate clarifiers are described.
Routine core analysis and special core analysisShujaSamejo
Routine and special core analysis are two categories of core analysis. Routine core analysis provides basic properties like porosity, permeability, and saturation. Special core analysis extends this data through additional experiments to determine properties like capillary pressure, relative permeability, and wettability which are used to better understand reservoir performance. Proper handling and preservation of core samples is important to maintain their original state for accurate analysis.
Get details of companies offering supreme quality of Reverse Osmosis Plant at market leading prices. The plant is capable of handling all types of contaminants.
Aquapro is the world’s finest purification system based from Dubai UAE. Our residential and commercial water quality improvement products include a wide range of reverse osmosis systems & residential water testing supplies.
nFluids Nanoparticle Technology Additives for Drilling Fluids & Oil & Gas Ap...Dr. Jeff Forsyth
An innovative Canadian technology company is commercializing a nanoparticle technology platform to develop drilling fluid additives. Laboratory tests show the company's first product, nForcer, can reduce drilling fluid losses by up to 90%, increase wellbore fracture pressure resistance by up to 60%, and reduce friction by up to 50%. Field tests in Alberta demonstrated up to 30% reduction in mud volume losses. The nanoparticles form stronger, thinner filter cakes and seals in fractures and pores to strengthen the wellbore.
The document discusses troubleshooting a reverse osmosis (RO) system that is experiencing loss of performance by identifying potential causes of reduced permeate quantity or quality. It outlines steps to determine if fouling is the issue, including checking for increases in pressure drop and permeate conductivity. If fouling is suspected, questions are provided to help pinpoint the nature and location of the foulant. The document also stresses the importance of proper system design, operation, and maintenance to avoid fouling issues.
Reverse osmosis is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and particles from drinking water. It works by applying pressure to overcome osmotic pressure and allow the solvent to pass through the membrane in the opposite direction of natural osmosis. Reverse osmosis can remove many types of dissolved and suspended species from water, including bacteria. It produces very pure water, called permeate, with almost all ions and other dissolved and suspended materials removed.
The document discusses the Drilling Waste Management Information System, an online resource for technical and regulatory information on managing drilling muds and cuttings. The system allows users to learn about industry standard practices, determine applicable regulatory requirements, and select optimal management strategies based on their location and circumstances. It was developed by Argonne National Laboratory in partnership with ChevronTexaco and Marathon Oil under funding from the U.S. Department of Energy to provide guidance on environmentally responsible drilling waste management.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane separation process that uses pressure to force a solvent like water through a semi-permeable membrane that blocks solutes like salt. RO works in reverse of natural osmosis by applying pressure to overcome osmotic pressure. Key applications of RO include producing clean drinking water, boiler feed water, and rinse water. RO membranes are made of materials like cellulose acetate and polyamide and are configured in modules like spiral-wound, plate and frame, hollow fiber, and tubular. Factors that impact RO performance include applied pressure, temperature, solute concentration, and membrane characteristics. RO is effective at removing 95-99% of dissolved solids but requires pre-
A reverse osmosis desalination plant uses pressure to separate fresh water from saline water through semi-permeable membranes. The process results in a stream of desalinated water and a stream of briny waste. These plants aim to reduce energy consumption and improve waste management. Reverse osmosis units are commonly used in military contexts to purify water.
The document proposes a business partnership between DTS Inc. and a water shop in Karachi to provide high-quality RO water filtering systems called Water Heart. Water Heart can filter water to different quality levels depending on usage, such as reducing seawater salt levels to safe drinking levels. It uses advanced filtration technology including RO, NF, MF and carbon filters. The proposal offers an on-site maintenance service and 10-year purchase agreement.
This document summarizes a case study of low salinity water injection in the Zichebashskoe oil field in Russia over 7 years. The field data was history matched using a mathematical model that simulates fines migration during waterflooding. Modeling showed a minor incremental oil recovery (<0.1%) and decrease in produced water compared to conventional injection, likely due to significant water production before low salinity injection began and injectors placed in the aquifer rather than oil zone. Further modeling of a hypothetical reservoir showed low salinity injection could improve recovery by ~10% with less water production.
This document summarizes a student's research project on parameters that affect mineral flotation recovery. It discusses the flotation mechanism, important reagents like collectors and frothers, and effective operational and hydrodynamic parameters. Key parameters identified as influencing recovery include solid percentage, pH, collector type, number of flotation cells, impeller speed, and impeller clearance from the bottom of the cell. The project aims to enhance mineral recovery through optimization of these flotation process factors.
The document provides information on designing and operating a water treatment plant, including:
1) Key components and processes include rapid mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, and filters. Chemicals like alum are used to treat water.
2) Safety guidelines, project expectations, teamwork strategies, and plant goals are outlined. Turbidity standards and potential penalties are defined.
3) Capital and operation costs are estimated. Calculations are described to determine the cost of water production based on a plant's design.
4) Troubleshooting methods like identifying problems, developing hypotheses, and testing components are discussed. A modular design approach is recommended.
This document provides design calculations for primary sedimentation units of a wastewater treatment plant serving 65,000 people. Key aspects include:
- The plant will have two equal size primary sedimentation tanks for continuous operation.
- Design parameters include a maximum inlet flowrate of 65,000 m3/day and an average flowrate of 13,000 m3/day.
- Calculations determine the minimum required surface area of each tank as 270.83 m2, resulting in a real diameter of 19 meters and surface area of 283.38 m2 per tank.
- The surface hydraulic load is verified to be below the maximum allowable design value.
The document provides information on different types of intake structures used for collecting surface water. It discusses wet and dry intake towers, as well as submerged and exposed intakes. Trash racks are described as screens used to prevent debris from entering intake structures. Twin well river intake structures are also summarized, which typically include an inlet well, intake pipe, and jack well to lift water from the river to the treatment plant.
This document is a handbook that describes gas detection tubes and sampling pumps manufactured by RAE Systems. It discusses quality assurance procedures for tube manufacture, including tube selection, reagent loading, calibration, and sealing. It also covers the operation of detection tubes, including tube descriptions, measurement procedures, and the selection and maintenance of sampling pumps. The document provides technical information on the theory of operation, explanations of data sheets, and factors that can affect measurements like humidity, temperature, pressure, and matrix effects.
Reverse osmosis systems use semi-permeable membranes to filter water and remove salts and other contaminants. They work by applying pressure to reverse the natural process of osmosis, allowing pure water to pass through the membrane while retaining salts. Reverse osmosis systems are commonly used in homes to produce drinking water and in industry to provide high-quality feed water to boilers and other systems. They provide benefits such as producing quality water at low cost with limited space requirements.
Operation & maintenance aspects of a Water treatment plant.Home
Operation and maintenance of a treatment plant is task. This is done to expand the life time of the treatment plant. So its necessary to keep the water treatment plant with a good look after on the hand of operation and also in maintenance both simultaneously. The given slides show some operation and maintenance processes to carry out a water treatment plant.
This document provides an overview of reverse osmosis water treatment plants. It explains that reverse osmosis uses pressure to force solvent through a membrane, retaining the solute on one side while allowing pure solvent to pass to the other. Feed water can come from sea water, wells, or other saline sources. The permeate water is treated for human use, while concentrate is waste brine water. As an example, it describes a plant that takes raw water with 20,000 TDS from boreholes and produces treated water at 750 TDS and brine at 45,000 TDS, with the brine being re-injected into wells.
Downhole Coring and Sampling, pumpsandpipesmdhctmhsweb
The document discusses downhole coring and sampling challenges and technologies. It describes increasing pressures and temperatures in new wells that push technological limits. It also discusses issues like fluid contamination, heterogeneous rock formations, and fractured or unconsolidated rocks. The document emphasizes that proper core processing is important for reliable lab measurements. It then outlines various downhole coring and sampling objectives, tools, and methods like conventional coring, specialized tools, and planning needed for high quality cores.
This document discusses using a combination of nanocrystal-enhanced viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluids and hydrogel-coated self-suspending proppants (SSP) for hydraulic fracturing in high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. The nanocrystals help the VES fluid maintain viscosity at high temperatures while forming a pseudo filter cake to control fluid loss. The hydrogel coating on SSP allows for transport without high viscosity fluids and improves proppant suspension and friction reduction. Laboratory tests show this combination enhances VES performance, controls fluid loss, and achieves high post-fracture conductivity even in brines above 200°F. The integrated technologies reduce additive needs and pumping requirements for
This document summarizes a paper presented at the SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference & Exhibition in 2005. The paper discusses the use of a unique high performance water-based mud system to address drilling challenges in the Middle East, such as shale instability, swelling clays, bit balling, and losses. It describes the system's ability to reduce pressure transmission, inhibit clays, improve cutting encapsulation, minimize differential sticking, and maximize rate of penetration, comparing its performance to conventional water-based and oil-based mud systems.
nFluids Nanoparticle Technology Additives for Drilling Fluids & Oil & Gas Ap...Dr. Jeff Forsyth
An innovative Canadian technology company is commercializing a nanoparticle technology platform to develop drilling fluid additives. Laboratory tests show the company's first product, nForcer, can reduce drilling fluid losses by up to 90%, increase wellbore fracture pressure resistance by up to 60%, and reduce friction by up to 50%. Field tests in Alberta demonstrated up to 30% reduction in mud volume losses. The nanoparticles form stronger, thinner filter cakes and seals in fractures and pores to strengthen the wellbore.
The document discusses troubleshooting a reverse osmosis (RO) system that is experiencing loss of performance by identifying potential causes of reduced permeate quantity or quality. It outlines steps to determine if fouling is the issue, including checking for increases in pressure drop and permeate conductivity. If fouling is suspected, questions are provided to help pinpoint the nature and location of the foulant. The document also stresses the importance of proper system design, operation, and maintenance to avoid fouling issues.
Reverse osmosis is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and particles from drinking water. It works by applying pressure to overcome osmotic pressure and allow the solvent to pass through the membrane in the opposite direction of natural osmosis. Reverse osmosis can remove many types of dissolved and suspended species from water, including bacteria. It produces very pure water, called permeate, with almost all ions and other dissolved and suspended materials removed.
The document discusses the Drilling Waste Management Information System, an online resource for technical and regulatory information on managing drilling muds and cuttings. The system allows users to learn about industry standard practices, determine applicable regulatory requirements, and select optimal management strategies based on their location and circumstances. It was developed by Argonne National Laboratory in partnership with ChevronTexaco and Marathon Oil under funding from the U.S. Department of Energy to provide guidance on environmentally responsible drilling waste management.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane separation process that uses pressure to force a solvent like water through a semi-permeable membrane that blocks solutes like salt. RO works in reverse of natural osmosis by applying pressure to overcome osmotic pressure. Key applications of RO include producing clean drinking water, boiler feed water, and rinse water. RO membranes are made of materials like cellulose acetate and polyamide and are configured in modules like spiral-wound, plate and frame, hollow fiber, and tubular. Factors that impact RO performance include applied pressure, temperature, solute concentration, and membrane characteristics. RO is effective at removing 95-99% of dissolved solids but requires pre-
A reverse osmosis desalination plant uses pressure to separate fresh water from saline water through semi-permeable membranes. The process results in a stream of desalinated water and a stream of briny waste. These plants aim to reduce energy consumption and improve waste management. Reverse osmosis units are commonly used in military contexts to purify water.
The document proposes a business partnership between DTS Inc. and a water shop in Karachi to provide high-quality RO water filtering systems called Water Heart. Water Heart can filter water to different quality levels depending on usage, such as reducing seawater salt levels to safe drinking levels. It uses advanced filtration technology including RO, NF, MF and carbon filters. The proposal offers an on-site maintenance service and 10-year purchase agreement.
This document summarizes a case study of low salinity water injection in the Zichebashskoe oil field in Russia over 7 years. The field data was history matched using a mathematical model that simulates fines migration during waterflooding. Modeling showed a minor incremental oil recovery (<0.1%) and decrease in produced water compared to conventional injection, likely due to significant water production before low salinity injection began and injectors placed in the aquifer rather than oil zone. Further modeling of a hypothetical reservoir showed low salinity injection could improve recovery by ~10% with less water production.
This document summarizes a student's research project on parameters that affect mineral flotation recovery. It discusses the flotation mechanism, important reagents like collectors and frothers, and effective operational and hydrodynamic parameters. Key parameters identified as influencing recovery include solid percentage, pH, collector type, number of flotation cells, impeller speed, and impeller clearance from the bottom of the cell. The project aims to enhance mineral recovery through optimization of these flotation process factors.
The document provides information on designing and operating a water treatment plant, including:
1) Key components and processes include rapid mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, and filters. Chemicals like alum are used to treat water.
2) Safety guidelines, project expectations, teamwork strategies, and plant goals are outlined. Turbidity standards and potential penalties are defined.
3) Capital and operation costs are estimated. Calculations are described to determine the cost of water production based on a plant's design.
4) Troubleshooting methods like identifying problems, developing hypotheses, and testing components are discussed. A modular design approach is recommended.
This document provides design calculations for primary sedimentation units of a wastewater treatment plant serving 65,000 people. Key aspects include:
- The plant will have two equal size primary sedimentation tanks for continuous operation.
- Design parameters include a maximum inlet flowrate of 65,000 m3/day and an average flowrate of 13,000 m3/day.
- Calculations determine the minimum required surface area of each tank as 270.83 m2, resulting in a real diameter of 19 meters and surface area of 283.38 m2 per tank.
- The surface hydraulic load is verified to be below the maximum allowable design value.
The document provides information on different types of intake structures used for collecting surface water. It discusses wet and dry intake towers, as well as submerged and exposed intakes. Trash racks are described as screens used to prevent debris from entering intake structures. Twin well river intake structures are also summarized, which typically include an inlet well, intake pipe, and jack well to lift water from the river to the treatment plant.
This document is a handbook that describes gas detection tubes and sampling pumps manufactured by RAE Systems. It discusses quality assurance procedures for tube manufacture, including tube selection, reagent loading, calibration, and sealing. It also covers the operation of detection tubes, including tube descriptions, measurement procedures, and the selection and maintenance of sampling pumps. The document provides technical information on the theory of operation, explanations of data sheets, and factors that can affect measurements like humidity, temperature, pressure, and matrix effects.
Reverse osmosis systems use semi-permeable membranes to filter water and remove salts and other contaminants. They work by applying pressure to reverse the natural process of osmosis, allowing pure water to pass through the membrane while retaining salts. Reverse osmosis systems are commonly used in homes to produce drinking water and in industry to provide high-quality feed water to boilers and other systems. They provide benefits such as producing quality water at low cost with limited space requirements.
Operation & maintenance aspects of a Water treatment plant.Home
Operation and maintenance of a treatment plant is task. This is done to expand the life time of the treatment plant. So its necessary to keep the water treatment plant with a good look after on the hand of operation and also in maintenance both simultaneously. The given slides show some operation and maintenance processes to carry out a water treatment plant.
This document provides an overview of reverse osmosis water treatment plants. It explains that reverse osmosis uses pressure to force solvent through a membrane, retaining the solute on one side while allowing pure solvent to pass to the other. Feed water can come from sea water, wells, or other saline sources. The permeate water is treated for human use, while concentrate is waste brine water. As an example, it describes a plant that takes raw water with 20,000 TDS from boreholes and produces treated water at 750 TDS and brine at 45,000 TDS, with the brine being re-injected into wells.
Downhole Coring and Sampling, pumpsandpipesmdhctmhsweb
The document discusses downhole coring and sampling challenges and technologies. It describes increasing pressures and temperatures in new wells that push technological limits. It also discusses issues like fluid contamination, heterogeneous rock formations, and fractured or unconsolidated rocks. The document emphasizes that proper core processing is important for reliable lab measurements. It then outlines various downhole coring and sampling objectives, tools, and methods like conventional coring, specialized tools, and planning needed for high quality cores.
This document discusses using a combination of nanocrystal-enhanced viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluids and hydrogel-coated self-suspending proppants (SSP) for hydraulic fracturing in high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. The nanocrystals help the VES fluid maintain viscosity at high temperatures while forming a pseudo filter cake to control fluid loss. The hydrogel coating on SSP allows for transport without high viscosity fluids and improves proppant suspension and friction reduction. Laboratory tests show this combination enhances VES performance, controls fluid loss, and achieves high post-fracture conductivity even in brines above 200°F. The integrated technologies reduce additive needs and pumping requirements for
This document summarizes a paper presented at the SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference & Exhibition in 2005. The paper discusses the use of a unique high performance water-based mud system to address drilling challenges in the Middle East, such as shale instability, swelling clays, bit balling, and losses. It describes the system's ability to reduce pressure transmission, inhibit clays, improve cutting encapsulation, minimize differential sticking, and maximize rate of penetration, comparing its performance to conventional water-based and oil-based mud systems.
Self Curing Concrete and Its InherentpropertiesIJERA Editor
Today concrete is most widely used construction material due to its good compressive strength and durability. It is estimated that the present consumption of concrete in the world is of the order of 10 billion tonnes (12 billion tons) every year. Depending upon the nature of work, the cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water are mixed in specific proportions to produce plain and fresh concrete. The strength and durability of concrete will be fully developed only if it is cured. No action to this end is required, however, when ambient conditions of moisture, humidity, and temperature are sufficiently favorable to curing. Concrete is needed to be provided with moisture for a minimum period of 28 days for good hydration and to attain desired strength. Any laxity in curing will badly affect the strength and durability of concrete. A water/cement ratio of about 0.38 would be required to hydrate all the particles of cement and also to occupy the space in gel pores.
This document discusses self-curing or internal curing concrete, which provides internal water reservoirs through the use of materials like lightweight aggregates or super absorbent polymers to hydrate cement particles. Proper curing is important for concrete to develop strength and durability. Self-curing concrete reduces the need for external curing and can perform better in areas without sufficient water for curing. The document examines using polyvinyl alcohol as a self-curing agent and finds that it helps retain water in concrete and reduces weight loss compared to conventional mixes without compromising strength. Self-curing concrete offers advantages like reduced cracking, permeability and improved durability.
This document provides an overview of reverse osmosis technology. It discusses how reverse osmosis was first used commercially in 1970 by Texas Instruments to treat water for electronics manufacturing. It then summarizes growth in global reverse osmosis capacity from 880,000 gallons per day in 1970 to over 500 million gallons per day in 1984. The document also reviews key applications of reverse osmosis including industrial, municipal, power, and military uses.
This document discusses the history and applications of reverse osmosis technology. It notes that:
- The first large industrial reverse osmosis system was installed in 1970 at a Texas Instruments plant, where it increased manufacturing yields enough to pay for itself in two weeks.
- By the end of 1984, global reverse osmosis operating capacity was 524 million gallons per day, with the largest uses being municipal water supplies (38%), industrial process water (31.5%), and power plant water (11%).
- Reverse osmosis transforms unusable water into a usable resource by applying pressure greater than the osmotic pressure to force water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving dissolved ions behind.
The document discusses key factors to consider when determining if a reservoir is suitable for waterflooding as a means of secondary oil recovery. It outlines several important reservoir characteristics, including geometry, fluid properties, depth, lithology, fluid saturations, uniformity, and primary driving mechanisms. Reservoirs with properties like high initial oil saturation, permeability, areal continuity of the oil zone, and insufficient natural water drive are most suitable candidates.
This summarizes a field implementation of a novel solids-free fluid loss control system during overbalanced workover operations in southern Argentina. The system uses a water-soluble polymer that decreases formation permeability to aqueous fluids, limiting fluid loss. It was applied before cleanout treatments on two wells experiencing significant fluid losses. For both wells, the system successfully reduced losses to an acceptable level, allowing the cleanout treatments to be performed effectively with no further circulation issues. The operator has now used this system for over 200 treatments with good results in controlling fluid loss during workover operations in the area.
This document discusses factors to consider when evaluating a reservoir's suitability for waterflooding. Key factors include reservoir geometry, fluid properties, depth, lithology, fluid saturations, uniformity, and original driving mechanism. Optimal waterflooding occurs when the reservoir is near bubble point pressure to reduce oil viscosity and increase mobility. Trapped gas saturation can also increase recovery by displacing residual oil from larger pores. Careful pressure control may allow optimal trapped gas to reduce residual oil saturation.
Produced water reinjection (PWRI) is one of the most usual ways of produced water reuse in mature fields with high water cut.
The relationship between water quality and injectivity decline in wells is well known and it is particularly important in mature
fields, such as Barrancas, an old field located in Mendoza –Argentina, with more than 40 years of water injection. In this
reservoir significant injectivity losses were recorded when fresh water was replaced by produced water in the 90´s.
Formation Damage mechanism is mainly caused by external cake. Particles are principally, iron sulfide, calcium carbonate,
and oil droplets.
Parker Hannifin - TwinZapp: Treating oil in water (OIW) emulsions for
discharge to sea.
The increasing water cut in mature fields and tightening regulations are the main drivers for the growing challenge of treating oil in water emulsions. In addition, the industry is creating more emulsions in novel applications such as Fraccing (Fracking), Well Deliquification, and Alkali Surfactant Polymer water as used in Enhanced Oil Recovery.
Installed treatment equipment often relies on time and gravity as the main forces for separation of water and hydrocarbons (Stokes’ law). For chemically stable emulsions these forces are not sufficient.
Parker Twin Filter has developed a technology based on its already extensive product line and experience in treating oilfield waste water. It uses the proven technology of electrical oxidation but uses this in a novel way to clean up water in a three step process.
The process is fitted on two mobile skids as an end-of–pipe solution. The input is water from the near atmospheric skimmer tank, the output is water which can be discharged to sea without further processing. The skids are self-sufficient, ATEX zone 2 certified, and only require electrical power and work air. It does not need regular attention from operators or specialists
because the output of NTU is monitored by sensor technology.
The process is now available as a commercial product or service offering after thorough field trials in 2012 and 2013. This white paper details a case study with GDF Suez E&P in which this operator increased gas production significantly through the use of TwinZapp. TwinZapp skid
Design and Fabrication of a Low Cost Submersible ROV for Survey of LakesIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a low-cost submersible remote operated vehicle (ROV) for surveying lakes. The ROV was designed to acquire data like video, images, temperature and pressure readings. It would also identify undesirable objects on the lake bottom. The design prioritized low-cost, ease of control, portability and wired communication. Design considerations included withstanding the pressures at depths of up to 100 meters using PVC piping for the hull material.
The document discusses various state-of-the-art sensors used to detect oil in or on water, including laser nephelometers, capacitance sensors, ultraviolet radiation detectors, and radiofrequency sensors. It describes how each sensor type is able to distinguish between oil and water based on differences in their physical properties. The document also mentions new profiling technologies like multiple density array systems that can measure emulsion layers and density profiles inside separator vessels.
IRJET- Parameters Affecting the Clogging of Recharge Wells in Different Soil ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the parameters affecting the clogging of recharge wells in different soil types. The study examined how total suspended solids (TSS) concentration and water head affect recharge well efficiency over time in sandy soil. Experiments were conducted with a model recharge well system using three water tanks. Results showed that in sandy soil, a change in water head affected efficiency from 20% to 31%, while a change in TSS concentration affected efficiency from 70% to 80%. Higher water head and TSS concentration led to a faster decrease in the flow rate from the well over time. It is recommended to use low TSS concentrations for recharging sandy soil to maintain better long-term flow.
This document summarizes the use of liquid curable resin (LCR) systems to control proppant flowback in hydraulic fracturing operations in Argentina. Various operators applied LCR either during initial fracturing treatments by coating proppant on-site, or as remedial treatments by injecting resin into existing fractures. LCR treatments helped stop proppant flowback while maintaining production rates, reducing cleanout costs compared to untreated wells. Lessons showed resin concentration and additive selection are important to maximize proppant pack strength and conductivity. Field results demonstrated LCR treatments effectively control solids flowback to optimize well productivity.
This document discusses models for estimating the productivity of horizontal wells. It begins by outlining the advantages of horizontal wells over vertical wells, such as increased productivity and drainage area. It then reviews several conventional and contemporary models for calculating the productivity index of horizontal wells, including the Babu-Odeh box model, Economides model, and Jing Lu's model. The document provides details on the assumptions and equations used in each model and discusses their limitations in accurately representing wellbore pressure behavior.
View other drafts
Aerated lagoons are a type of wastewater treatment system that uses artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters. They are relatively simple and inexpensive to construct and operate, and they can be effective in removing a wide range of pollutants from wastewater, including organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens.
The document discusses various methods for controlling water production in oil wells. It begins by explaining the reasons water control is important and outlines different water types. It then describes potential mechanical, physical, and chemical solutions for shutting off water sources. These include tools like packers and bridge plugs, materials like cement and sand plugs, and chemicals like polymer gels and resins. The document emphasizes the importance of proper well diagnostics to identify the specific water problem before selecting the most appropriate water control solution.
FSI-based Overflow Assessment of Liquid Storage TanksIRJET Journal
This document discusses assessing liquid overflow in storage tanks using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis. It presents an FSI-based analysis of overflow for a seismically isolated nuclear liquid storage tank. The analysis couples a fluid solver to model liquid sloshing with a structural solver to model the tank. Mass flow rate at the tank openings is calculated and used to determine total cumulative overflow volume over time. The method is demonstrated on a rectangular spent fuel pool model subjected to earthquakes. Results show significantly more overflow for a peak ground acceleration of 0.5g compared to 0.3g, highlighting the importance of accounting for seismic loading uncertainty.
2013 11-25 d effective solutions -prostreamEmil Hristov
This document provides information about Aquasystems International N.V., a company that manufactures aeration, mixing, and decantation equipment for wastewater treatment plants. It describes Aquasystems' headquarters and subsidiary locations, its product lines including surface aerators, mixers, decanters, and rental equipment. It then focuses on the Aqua Turbo aeration and mixing system, explaining how it provides high oxygen transfer efficiency through sheared microbubbles and intensive mixing. Finally, it discusses vertical mixing systems, floatables handling devices, and the Aqua Decant mechanically closed decanter.
Similar to IRJET- Aphron Drilling Fluids: A Silver Lining for Depleted Reservoirs (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network