This document analyzes the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPCs) made from different compositions of polymers, wood flour, and additives. WPCs were fabricated using a compression molding process with two compositions: Specimen A containing 30% wood flour and Specimen B containing 40% wood flour. Both specimens used a polymer matrix of 80% polypropylene and 20% high-density polyethylene, along with 3% maleic anhydride as a coupling agent and 3% zinc stearate as a lubricant. The document measures the density, water absorption, tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance of the two specimens to analyze how the mechanical properties are affected by the varying wood flour composition
The document summarizes research on the durability of wood flour-recycled thermoplastics composites under accelerated environmental conditions. The research aims to evaluate properties of composites made from sawdust and recycled plastics like HDPE and PP under freeze-thaw cycles and UV exposure. Results found the composites had properties comparable to regular materials and potential applications include decking, windows, and outdoor furniture. Properties degraded after weathering but could be improved by more polymer or coupling agents.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on using E-Waste, Luffa Fibre and Fly Ash ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using e-waste, luffa fibre, and fly ash in concrete. Concrete samples were produced with varying percentages (5-12.5%) of e-waste and fly ash as partial replacements for fine aggregate and cement. Up to 2% luffa fibre was also added as a natural admixture. Tests were performed to determine the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed increases in strength with e-waste and luffa fibre additions of 7.5-10%, but decreases above 12.5%. The study aims to develop a more sustainable and economical concrete while maintaining adequate strength performance.
A Study on Properties of Natural Fibres - A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the properties of natural fibres and natural fibre composites. It discusses how factors like fibre diameter, density, geometry, and coupling agents can influence the mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of natural fibre composites. Surface treatments and coupling agents are shown to improve properties. The document examines different types of natural plant fibres and provides examples of studies that tested the tensile strength of various natural fibre composites, showing how treatments and fibre content can increase strength and modulus. It demonstrates that natural fibre composites show promising properties for structural applications.
This document discusses an experimental study that assessed pine needles as a reinforcing material in polymer composites. Urea-formaldehyde resin was synthesized and optimized as the polymer matrix. Pine needles were used as particle, short fiber, and long fiber reinforcements in the composites. Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength, compressive strength, and wear resistance of the resin increased significantly when reinforced with pine needles, with particle reinforcement being most effective. Thermal and morphological characterization of the composites was also conducted. The results suggest pine needles have potential for use in natural fiber reinforced polymer composites.
Bio resin based natural fibre composites and their applicationsPadmanabhan Krishnan
This document provides an overview of natural materials, bio-derived materials, and their composites. It discusses the history and basics of natural materials, types of bio-derived plastics and natural and bio-derived fibers. Specific fibers discussed include jute, kenaf, nettle, hemp, and banana fiber. The document also covers the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of natural composites as well as their applications in industries like automotive, consumer products, and aerospace.
In present scenario natural fibers have received much attention because of their light weight, nonabrasive, combustible, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. Among the various natural fibers, banana fiber was focused for its pretreatment conditions for preparing perfect fiber. In previously many researchers have found various fibers have been pretreated and they obtain its properties and its applications. In this project banana fiber has been taken as natural fiber and it was pretreated and its properties after pretreatment were obtained. The pretreatment was alkali, sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate treatment, and bleaching was carried out. Then the composite specimen boards were fabricated by various pretreatment banana fiber, polyethylene and matrix. It undergone to mechanical testing, tensile test, hardness test and also SEM analysis was carried out to check their microstructure. The perfect fiber was found by the obtained results from their properties and bonding nature.
Influence of additives on the drain down characteristics of stone matrix asph...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Epoxy/Wood Apple Shell Particulate Composite With Improved Mechanical PropertiesIJERA Editor
Recently there has been a great interest in the industrial applications of composites developed from natural fibers, bio or industrial waste. Present work is an attempt to synthesize composites using a bio waste material i.e. wood apple shell. Composites with 10, 20 and 30 wt % wood apple shell particulate reinforced epoxy composites have been synthesized using Hand layup technique. Mechanical properties have been investigated in detail. Considerable increase in tensile strength and young’s modulus was noticed with increase in filler content. Composites were found to be more resistant to abrasion. Flexural strength was found to be quite high in comparison to epoxy.
The document summarizes research on the durability of wood flour-recycled thermoplastics composites under accelerated environmental conditions. The research aims to evaluate properties of composites made from sawdust and recycled plastics like HDPE and PP under freeze-thaw cycles and UV exposure. Results found the composites had properties comparable to regular materials and potential applications include decking, windows, and outdoor furniture. Properties degraded after weathering but could be improved by more polymer or coupling agents.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on using E-Waste, Luffa Fibre and Fly Ash ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using e-waste, luffa fibre, and fly ash in concrete. Concrete samples were produced with varying percentages (5-12.5%) of e-waste and fly ash as partial replacements for fine aggregate and cement. Up to 2% luffa fibre was also added as a natural admixture. Tests were performed to determine the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed increases in strength with e-waste and luffa fibre additions of 7.5-10%, but decreases above 12.5%. The study aims to develop a more sustainable and economical concrete while maintaining adequate strength performance.
A Study on Properties of Natural Fibres - A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the properties of natural fibres and natural fibre composites. It discusses how factors like fibre diameter, density, geometry, and coupling agents can influence the mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of natural fibre composites. Surface treatments and coupling agents are shown to improve properties. The document examines different types of natural plant fibres and provides examples of studies that tested the tensile strength of various natural fibre composites, showing how treatments and fibre content can increase strength and modulus. It demonstrates that natural fibre composites show promising properties for structural applications.
This document discusses an experimental study that assessed pine needles as a reinforcing material in polymer composites. Urea-formaldehyde resin was synthesized and optimized as the polymer matrix. Pine needles were used as particle, short fiber, and long fiber reinforcements in the composites. Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength, compressive strength, and wear resistance of the resin increased significantly when reinforced with pine needles, with particle reinforcement being most effective. Thermal and morphological characterization of the composites was also conducted. The results suggest pine needles have potential for use in natural fiber reinforced polymer composites.
Bio resin based natural fibre composites and their applicationsPadmanabhan Krishnan
This document provides an overview of natural materials, bio-derived materials, and their composites. It discusses the history and basics of natural materials, types of bio-derived plastics and natural and bio-derived fibers. Specific fibers discussed include jute, kenaf, nettle, hemp, and banana fiber. The document also covers the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of natural composites as well as their applications in industries like automotive, consumer products, and aerospace.
In present scenario natural fibers have received much attention because of their light weight, nonabrasive, combustible, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. Among the various natural fibers, banana fiber was focused for its pretreatment conditions for preparing perfect fiber. In previously many researchers have found various fibers have been pretreated and they obtain its properties and its applications. In this project banana fiber has been taken as natural fiber and it was pretreated and its properties after pretreatment were obtained. The pretreatment was alkali, sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate treatment, and bleaching was carried out. Then the composite specimen boards were fabricated by various pretreatment banana fiber, polyethylene and matrix. It undergone to mechanical testing, tensile test, hardness test and also SEM analysis was carried out to check their microstructure. The perfect fiber was found by the obtained results from their properties and bonding nature.
Influence of additives on the drain down characteristics of stone matrix asph...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Epoxy/Wood Apple Shell Particulate Composite With Improved Mechanical PropertiesIJERA Editor
Recently there has been a great interest in the industrial applications of composites developed from natural fibers, bio or industrial waste. Present work is an attempt to synthesize composites using a bio waste material i.e. wood apple shell. Composites with 10, 20 and 30 wt % wood apple shell particulate reinforced epoxy composites have been synthesized using Hand layup technique. Mechanical properties have been investigated in detail. Considerable increase in tensile strength and young’s modulus was noticed with increase in filler content. Composites were found to be more resistant to abrasion. Flexural strength was found to be quite high in comparison to epoxy.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Characteristics of Natural Re...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites made from groundnut shell, rice husk, and coir fibers reinforced with epoxy resin. Two composite plates were fabricated - one with groundnut shell and rice husk fibers, and one with groundnut and coir fibers. The tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the plates were then tested according to ASTM standards. The results showed that the plate with groundnut and coir fibers exhibited better mechanical properties than the plate with groundnut shell and rice husk fibers, indicating natural fiber composites have potential as an alternative to synthetic fiber composites.
Testing of Coconut Shell Reinforced Brake PADSIJSRED
1) The document describes research into developing coconut shell reinforced brake pads as a safer alternative to asbestos brake pads. Various samples of brake pads were created with different compositions of coconut shell powder, graphite, alumina, and epoxy resin.
2) The samples were tested on a wear testing machine at various speeds to measure the wear rate and coefficient of friction. Sample four performed the best with the lowest wear rate.
3) The research demonstrated that brake pads created with coconut shell reinforcement can be a viable non-toxic alternative to asbestos brake pads and perform well under testing.
Tensile strength of fiber for some type bananas (ambon, kepok, susu)eSAT Journals
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the fiber surface in the physical and mechanical properties of banana fibers and to determine the effect of fiber tensile load when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction in the form of pull. The results obtained from this study was the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the surface of banana fiber on the physical properties and mechanical properties of banana fiber are not suitable, because it just makes banana fiber strength becomes strong or fragile. The influence of tensile load of fiber when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction of 50: 50 in the form of pull sufficient effect on the tensile strength of the composite, as it makes the tensile strength of the composite itself to be increased or stronger. Keywords: Key word1, Key word2, Key word3, and Key word4 etc…
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Kaolinite/Polypropylene Nanocomposites. Part 1: CompoundingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on producing and analyzing kaolinite/polypropylene nanocomposites. Three types of polypropylene (PP) and kaolinite powder were compounded at various formulations from 0-30% kaolinite content using a twin-screw extruder. The compounded pellets were then extruded to produce fibers for further drawing or filaments for 3D printing. Melt flow properties and crystallization temperatures were analyzed for the different PP/kaolinite compositions. The crystallization temperature increase with kaolinite content indicates kaolinite acts as a nucleating agent for PP crystallization. Fibers, filaments, and 3D printed specimens were produced to characterize the
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIO-FIBRE AND GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED POLYESTER...ijceronline
This document summarizes research on the mechanical characterization of bio-fibre and glass fibre reinforced polyester composite laminate joints. Specifically, it details the fabrication and testing of composites made from jute fibre, glass fibre, and polyester resin. Various composite samples were made with different fibre weight percentages and tested for properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and water absorption. The results showed that the fibre weight percentage significantly affected the mechanical properties, with the sample containing 50% glass fibre and 50% jute fibre exhibiting the highest tensile and flexural strengths.
IRJET- Hydrothermal Pretreatment Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Glucose Pr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of hydrothermal pretreatment to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and glucose production from lignocellulosic biomass. Specifically:
- Sawdust samples from hardwood and softwood were treated with sodium hydroxide solution at 80±5°C for varying times. The 180 minute treatment yielded the highest cellulose content (84.9% for hardwood, 83.5% for softwood) and lowest lignin content.
- The pretreated samples were then hydrolyzed with crude enzymes from Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger fungi. The maximum glucose yields were 7.4% and 6% respectively.
- Total solid
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of the Natu...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally analyzes the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites with varying concentrations of banana fiber (10%, 15%, 20% by weight).
2) Samples were fabricated using hand lay-up molding with alkali-treated banana fibers and polyester resin. Mechanical tests for hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength were conducted at different temperatures.
3) Hardness and tensile strength increased with higher banana fiber loading up to 15% but increased at a lower rate from 15-20%. Impact strength generally increased with fiber loading and temperature but showed a higher rate of increase from 10-15% loading compared to 15-20%.
Structural Characteristic Laminated Timber of Indonesian TimberAM Publications
This document summarizes a study on the structural characteristics of laminated timber made from Indonesian wood. The study tested laminated beams made from Albasia and Glugu wood bonded with epoxy and aibon adhesives. Various physical properties of the wood types were measured including water content, density, and shear strength. Beams made with different adhesive-wood combinations were tested for flexural strength. Results showed that laminated beams with epoxy adhesive and Albasia in the center had the highest flexural strength, increasing the strength class of Albasia from IV to III. In conclusion, laminating wood can improve its mechanical properties for construction applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fabrication and analysis of jute hemp reinforced fiberIJARIIT
There is a huge need for new materials in all fields of engineering, this invites the development of new materials which
suits the need. Utilization of biodegradable materials i.e. natural fibers for various applications to preserve the environment from
synthetic fibers invites the development of natural fiber reinforced polyester composites. In a country like India which is
producing an enormous amount of agricultural solid waste (in the form of leaf, fruits, stems etc.) there is lack of marketing for
the above said wastes, if this can be improved the farmers may get benefited. Natural fiber reinforced composites are preferred
than conventional materials because of their advantages like low density, light weight, high strength to weight ratio, low cost,
high toughness, and biodegradability. The present investigation deals with the preparation of jute, Hemp fiber and jute- Hemp
fiber (Hybrid) reinforced polyester composite and to determine the tensile modulus with an increase in percentage weight fraction
of the fiber and further the experimental results will be validated through ANSYS software.
This document summarizes research on injection molded bagasse fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Thermal analysis using TGA showed a two-stage decomposition of the composites between 260-480°C. XRD analysis found that crystallinity of the polypropylene matrix decreased from 87.36% to 61.12% with increasing bagasse fiber reinforcement from 0% to 30%. The study established that untreated bagasse fiber contains components like sucrose residue that affect composite properties. Further investigations are suggested to study the effect of fiber treatments and crystallinity on mechanical properties. The composites showed potential to replace injection molded polypropylene products.
Study of Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettesijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
The document discusses a study on the properties of banana fiber reinforced composites. Banana fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide and used to reinforce both epoxy and vinyl ester resin matrices. Coconut shell powder was also used along with the fibers. Various mechanical properties including tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength were tested for the untreated and treated fiber composites. The treated fiber composites showed improved mechanical properties compared to the untreated fibers due to better adhesion between the fiber and matrix. A hybrid composite containing both banana fiber and coconut shell powder showed higher strength values than the banana fiber only composite.
Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polytheneijtsrd
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today's asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. In the present study waste polyethylene which has been easily obtained are used, in dry form with the aggregates like a fiber in a bituminous mix. A comparative study is carried out between standard bitumen concrete and polyethylene modified bitumen concrete with varying polyethylene contents 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 with bitumen binder 80 100 grade bitumen. Fly ash is used as mineral filler material. Waste polyethylene used as a modifier for the bituminous mixes for sustainable management of plastic waste as well as for improvement of bituminous mix. Using Marshall Method of mix design the optimum polyethylene content have been determine of the different type of the mix. Aditya Gupta | Dr. Sumesh Jain "Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polythene" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26368.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26368/experimental-study-of-bituminous-mix-by-adding-waste-polythene/aditya-gupta
This document discusses wood plastic composites (WPCs). It provides details on their composition, manufacturing process, properties, applications and advantages. WPCs are made from wood flour/fibers combined with thermoplastics using an extrusion process. They have properties similar to wood but are more durable, weather resistant and require no painting. Common applications include decking, railings and outdoor furniture due to their sustainability and durability.
Influence of Organomodified Nanoclay on the Thermomechanical Behavior of Glas...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into the influence of organomodified nanoclay on the thermomechanical behavior of glass/epoxy nanocomposites. Glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRE) composites were fabricated with additions of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles. Experimental results showed that composites with 3 wt% MMT loading exhibited maximum density but decreasing tensile strength with increasing MMT content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis were used to characterize the composites and observe the thermal behavior and degradation temperatures. Density was found to increase while void content decreased with additions of MMT nanoparticles up to an optimal loading amount.
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTRIZATION OF HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR TENSION, FLEXU...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that characterized the mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials made of jute cloth, E-glass fibers, and polyester resin. Specimens were fabricated using hand layup and tested in tension, flexure, and impact. Tensile testing measured Young's modulus, flexural testing measured flexural strength, and Charpy testing measured impact strength. The study found that hybrid composites, which combine natural and synthetic fibers, perform better than composites with a single fiber type due to benefits from both fibers. Characterizing mechanical properties of hybrid composites is important as their use increases in industries like aerospace, military, and automotive.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Characteristics of Natural Re...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites made from groundnut shell, rice husk, and coir fibers reinforced with epoxy resin. Two composite plates were fabricated - one with groundnut shell and rice husk fibers, and one with groundnut and coir fibers. The tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the plates were then tested according to ASTM standards. The results showed that the plate with groundnut and coir fibers exhibited better mechanical properties than the plate with groundnut shell and rice husk fibers, indicating natural fiber composites have potential as an alternative to synthetic fiber composites.
Testing of Coconut Shell Reinforced Brake PADSIJSRED
1) The document describes research into developing coconut shell reinforced brake pads as a safer alternative to asbestos brake pads. Various samples of brake pads were created with different compositions of coconut shell powder, graphite, alumina, and epoxy resin.
2) The samples were tested on a wear testing machine at various speeds to measure the wear rate and coefficient of friction. Sample four performed the best with the lowest wear rate.
3) The research demonstrated that brake pads created with coconut shell reinforcement can be a viable non-toxic alternative to asbestos brake pads and perform well under testing.
Tensile strength of fiber for some type bananas (ambon, kepok, susu)eSAT Journals
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the fiber surface in the physical and mechanical properties of banana fibers and to determine the effect of fiber tensile load when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction in the form of pull. The results obtained from this study was the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the surface of banana fiber on the physical properties and mechanical properties of banana fiber are not suitable, because it just makes banana fiber strength becomes strong or fragile. The influence of tensile load of fiber when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction of 50: 50 in the form of pull sufficient effect on the tensile strength of the composite, as it makes the tensile strength of the composite itself to be increased or stronger. Keywords: Key word1, Key word2, Key word3, and Key word4 etc…
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Kaolinite/Polypropylene Nanocomposites. Part 1: CompoundingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on producing and analyzing kaolinite/polypropylene nanocomposites. Three types of polypropylene (PP) and kaolinite powder were compounded at various formulations from 0-30% kaolinite content using a twin-screw extruder. The compounded pellets were then extruded to produce fibers for further drawing or filaments for 3D printing. Melt flow properties and crystallization temperatures were analyzed for the different PP/kaolinite compositions. The crystallization temperature increase with kaolinite content indicates kaolinite acts as a nucleating agent for PP crystallization. Fibers, filaments, and 3D printed specimens were produced to characterize the
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIO-FIBRE AND GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED POLYESTER...ijceronline
This document summarizes research on the mechanical characterization of bio-fibre and glass fibre reinforced polyester composite laminate joints. Specifically, it details the fabrication and testing of composites made from jute fibre, glass fibre, and polyester resin. Various composite samples were made with different fibre weight percentages and tested for properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and water absorption. The results showed that the fibre weight percentage significantly affected the mechanical properties, with the sample containing 50% glass fibre and 50% jute fibre exhibiting the highest tensile and flexural strengths.
IRJET- Hydrothermal Pretreatment Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Glucose Pr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of hydrothermal pretreatment to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and glucose production from lignocellulosic biomass. Specifically:
- Sawdust samples from hardwood and softwood were treated with sodium hydroxide solution at 80±5°C for varying times. The 180 minute treatment yielded the highest cellulose content (84.9% for hardwood, 83.5% for softwood) and lowest lignin content.
- The pretreated samples were then hydrolyzed with crude enzymes from Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger fungi. The maximum glucose yields were 7.4% and 6% respectively.
- Total solid
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of the Natu...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally analyzes the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites with varying concentrations of banana fiber (10%, 15%, 20% by weight).
2) Samples were fabricated using hand lay-up molding with alkali-treated banana fibers and polyester resin. Mechanical tests for hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength were conducted at different temperatures.
3) Hardness and tensile strength increased with higher banana fiber loading up to 15% but increased at a lower rate from 15-20%. Impact strength generally increased with fiber loading and temperature but showed a higher rate of increase from 10-15% loading compared to 15-20%.
Structural Characteristic Laminated Timber of Indonesian TimberAM Publications
This document summarizes a study on the structural characteristics of laminated timber made from Indonesian wood. The study tested laminated beams made from Albasia and Glugu wood bonded with epoxy and aibon adhesives. Various physical properties of the wood types were measured including water content, density, and shear strength. Beams made with different adhesive-wood combinations were tested for flexural strength. Results showed that laminated beams with epoxy adhesive and Albasia in the center had the highest flexural strength, increasing the strength class of Albasia from IV to III. In conclusion, laminating wood can improve its mechanical properties for construction applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fabrication and analysis of jute hemp reinforced fiberIJARIIT
There is a huge need for new materials in all fields of engineering, this invites the development of new materials which
suits the need. Utilization of biodegradable materials i.e. natural fibers for various applications to preserve the environment from
synthetic fibers invites the development of natural fiber reinforced polyester composites. In a country like India which is
producing an enormous amount of agricultural solid waste (in the form of leaf, fruits, stems etc.) there is lack of marketing for
the above said wastes, if this can be improved the farmers may get benefited. Natural fiber reinforced composites are preferred
than conventional materials because of their advantages like low density, light weight, high strength to weight ratio, low cost,
high toughness, and biodegradability. The present investigation deals with the preparation of jute, Hemp fiber and jute- Hemp
fiber (Hybrid) reinforced polyester composite and to determine the tensile modulus with an increase in percentage weight fraction
of the fiber and further the experimental results will be validated through ANSYS software.
This document summarizes research on injection molded bagasse fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Thermal analysis using TGA showed a two-stage decomposition of the composites between 260-480°C. XRD analysis found that crystallinity of the polypropylene matrix decreased from 87.36% to 61.12% with increasing bagasse fiber reinforcement from 0% to 30%. The study established that untreated bagasse fiber contains components like sucrose residue that affect composite properties. Further investigations are suggested to study the effect of fiber treatments and crystallinity on mechanical properties. The composites showed potential to replace injection molded polypropylene products.
Study of Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettesijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
The document discusses a study on the properties of banana fiber reinforced composites. Banana fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide and used to reinforce both epoxy and vinyl ester resin matrices. Coconut shell powder was also used along with the fibers. Various mechanical properties including tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength were tested for the untreated and treated fiber composites. The treated fiber composites showed improved mechanical properties compared to the untreated fibers due to better adhesion between the fiber and matrix. A hybrid composite containing both banana fiber and coconut shell powder showed higher strength values than the banana fiber only composite.
Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polytheneijtsrd
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today's asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. In the present study waste polyethylene which has been easily obtained are used, in dry form with the aggregates like a fiber in a bituminous mix. A comparative study is carried out between standard bitumen concrete and polyethylene modified bitumen concrete with varying polyethylene contents 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 with bitumen binder 80 100 grade bitumen. Fly ash is used as mineral filler material. Waste polyethylene used as a modifier for the bituminous mixes for sustainable management of plastic waste as well as for improvement of bituminous mix. Using Marshall Method of mix design the optimum polyethylene content have been determine of the different type of the mix. Aditya Gupta | Dr. Sumesh Jain "Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polythene" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26368.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26368/experimental-study-of-bituminous-mix-by-adding-waste-polythene/aditya-gupta
This document discusses wood plastic composites (WPCs). It provides details on their composition, manufacturing process, properties, applications and advantages. WPCs are made from wood flour/fibers combined with thermoplastics using an extrusion process. They have properties similar to wood but are more durable, weather resistant and require no painting. Common applications include decking, railings and outdoor furniture due to their sustainability and durability.
Influence of Organomodified Nanoclay on the Thermomechanical Behavior of Glas...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into the influence of organomodified nanoclay on the thermomechanical behavior of glass/epoxy nanocomposites. Glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRE) composites were fabricated with additions of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles. Experimental results showed that composites with 3 wt% MMT loading exhibited maximum density but decreasing tensile strength with increasing MMT content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis were used to characterize the composites and observe the thermal behavior and degradation temperatures. Density was found to increase while void content decreased with additions of MMT nanoparticles up to an optimal loading amount.
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTRIZATION OF HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR TENSION, FLEXU...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that characterized the mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials made of jute cloth, E-glass fibers, and polyester resin. Specimens were fabricated using hand layup and tested in tension, flexure, and impact. Tensile testing measured Young's modulus, flexural testing measured flexural strength, and Charpy testing measured impact strength. The study found that hybrid composites, which combine natural and synthetic fibers, perform better than composites with a single fiber type due to benefits from both fibers. Characterizing mechanical properties of hybrid composites is important as their use increases in industries like aerospace, military, and automotive.
Study of Properties of Polypropylene-Natural Fiber CompositeIRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with natural fibers like jute and coir. Composites with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% fiber content were manufactured by hot press technique. Tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. The results showed that the mechanical properties generally improved with increased fiber loading up to 20%, with the 20% fiber composite exhibiting the best properties. Tensile strength decreased with fiber content while Young's modulus, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness increased with higher fiber loading.
IRJET- An Innovative Technique as per SPI Code to Breakdown the PlasticIRJET Journal
The document discusses an innovative technique to break down plastic waste and transform it into marble by mixing varying percentages of recycled plastic with other materials like zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and magnesium carbonate. The technique aims to provide an economical alternative to concrete for uses with low soil bearing capacity like parking lots. Test results show the plastic marble has compressive strengths up to 16 MPa and can withstand temperatures up to 225°C without melting.
IRJET-Evaluation of Sugarcane Bagasse Polymer Composite for Structural Applic...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing sugarcane bagasse polymer composites for structural applications. Sugarcane bagasse fiber was used to reinforce an epoxy resin matrix at fiber volume fractions of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Composites were tested for mechanical properties. Tensile and flexural strength both increased with fiber content up to 3.75% due to better fiber-matrix binding, but decreased above this point because fibers did not optimally mix in the matrix. The sugarcane fiber-epoxy composites showed potential for use in automobile structural components to reduce weight and costs compared to synthetic fiber composites.
IRJET- Mechanical Behavior of Coconut Shell Powder Filled with Sisal Fiber, R...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the mechanical behavior of coconut shell powder filled sisal fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. The study prepared composite specimens with varying weight percentages of coconut shell powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) and tested them according to ASTM standards to determine mechanical properties. Tensile, impact, and bending tests were conducted to compare the mechanical behavior of the different compositions. The results of the tensile and impact tests showed the peak loads achieved by each composite formulation. The research aims to develop an environmentally friendly composite using renewable natural fibers and fillers.
IRJET- Research and Development of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composite Mate...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on advanced polymer matrix composite materials (APMMCs). It discusses how APMMCs are lightweight composite materials composed of polymer matrices reinforced with fibers. The document outlines the two main types of polymer matrices used - thermosetting polymers and thermoplastics. It describes properties and production methods for composites using each type of matrix. Finally, the document discusses applications of APMMCs in industries like aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment due to their strength and lightweight properties.
Mechanical Properties of Cement Replaced Concrete With Rice Husk Ash and Addi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the mechanical properties of concrete where part of the cement was replaced with rice husk ash and polypropylene fibers were added. The study found that replacing 10% of cement with rice husk ash increased the compressive and flexural strength of concrete compared to normal concrete. Replacing more than 10% of cement or adding more than 0.5% polypropylene fibers resulted in lower strengths. The optimal mix was found to be 10% cement replacement with rice husk ash, which showed improvements in strength properties.
Granulator Recycling of Plastics and Glass FiberIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and testing of a granulator machine to recycle plastics and glass fiber. It begins with an introduction to the problem of plastic waste and a literature review of existing recycling technologies. The designed granulator uses a shaft with cutting blades to shred waste materials into smaller pieces. Experiments were conducted at various motor speeds to evaluate the machine's performance in recycling different plastic types. Results showed the machine achieved over 50% shredding of materials like PVC and had recovery efficiencies up to 95% with throughput of up to 31.67 kg/hr and specific energy as low as 238.1 KJ/kg. The granulator performed optimally in recycling plastics at lower motor speeds while achieving high recycling
IRJET - Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Banana and Basalt Fiber Re...IRJET Journal
1) The document assesses the mechanical properties of composites made from banana fibers, basalt fibers, and epoxy resin.
2) Four composite laminate samples were fabricated with different fiber orientations and tested for tensile and flexural strength.
3) The results showed that the sample with 30° fiber orientation had the highest tensile strength and modulus, while the sample with 60° orientation had the highest flexural strength.
Strength of Corrugated Roofing Elements Reinforced with CoirIRJET Journal
1) The study evaluated the strength properties of corrugated roofing sheets reinforced with coconut (coir) fibers and fly ash.
2) Samples of corrugated roofing sheets were produced by casting mixtures of cement, sand, water, coir fibers (0.1-0.4% by volume) and fly ash (10-30% cement replacement).
3) The samples were then tested to determine their flexural strength, impact resistance, and water absorption. Test results showed that samples with 0.2% coir fiber and 20% fly ash replacement exhibited the highest flexural and impact strengths.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic in Flexible PavementsIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing waste plastic in flexible pavements. Plastic is a major pollutant when burned and its use can help solve disposal problems. The study involves partially replacing bitumen used in bituminous mixes with shredded waste plastic pieces. This is intended to improve mix properties and pavement life while reducing pollution. The methodology describes preparing control and modified mixes using 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% plastic replacement. The mixes are tested using the Marshall stability test to evaluate the effects of plastic inclusion. Results will help determine the optimal plastic content for strength and durability gains in bituminous pavements.
IRJET - Study of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Bottles in Threaded...IRJET Journal
This document studies the use of threaded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and fly ash as reinforcements in concrete. PET bottles are a common type of plastic waste that is difficult to degrade, requiring recycling or reuse. The study aims to evaluate how using shredded PET bottles and fly ash as partial replacements for cement and aggregates affects the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Previous research has found strength improvements when plastic fibers or bottles are added to concrete up to a 2% replacement rate of cement or aggregates. The document outlines the materials and methods to be used, including casting concrete cubes with PET bottle and fly ash additions and testing them to determine strength properties. The goal is to develop a more sustainable
Production of Conventional Fuel from Plastic Waste and Biomass by PyrolysisIRJET Journal
The document discusses the production of fuel from plastic waste and biomass via pyrolysis. It begins with background information on plastics and biomass. The methodology section describes the experimental setup for pyrolyzing plastic alone or with biomass. Various plastic types and biomass were pyrolyzed alone and in combination. The liquid fuel yield was highest for mixtures containing biomass, ranging from 64-69.6% yield. The quality of the obtained fuels was analyzed and found to be similar to diesel. Residual solids from biomass pyrolysis were converted to nano-silica. Thus, pyrolysis can convert waste plastic and biomass into useful fuels and materials while addressing environmental issues.
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into FuelIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on pyrolyzing waste plastic into fuel. The researchers collected various types of waste plastic and pyrolyzed them in a reactor at 500 degrees Celsius. This produced a semi-liquid fuel that was further distilled. Testing found the plastic fuel had properties similar to diesel, including flash point and calorific value. When used in a compression ignition engine, the plastic fuel showed brake thermal efficiencies up to 27.5% and lower emissions than diesel fuel. The study concluded pyrolyzing plastic waste into fuel is an effective way to reduce plastic waste and provide an alternative fuel source.
IRJET- To Enhance the Strength of Bituminous Roads using Waste PlasticIRJET Journal
This document discusses using waste plastic to enhance the strength of bituminous roads. Different percentages of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastic, commonly found in plastic bags and bottles, were added to bitumen mixes - 5%, 10%, and 15%. Tests showed that with the addition of 5-10% PET, the strength, fatigue life, and other properties of the bituminous concrete improved, resulting in longer lasting roads. Using waste plastics in road construction helps reduce plastic waste while providing infrastructure benefits.
IRJET- Analysis of Behaviour of Rice Husk Ash Cement Concrete on Addition...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the behavior of rice husk ash cement concrete with the addition of polypropylene fiber. Various mixtures of rice husk ash and polypropylene fiber were added to concrete. Testing found that the maximum 7-day compressive strength was achieved with 10% rice husk ash and 0.5% polypropylene fiber, increasing strength by 22.6% compared to controlled concrete. The maximum 28-day compressive strength was also achieved with this mixture, increasing strength by 54.61%. For split tensile strength, the maximum 7-day strength was achieved with 5% rice husk ash and 0.5% polypropylene fiber, increasing strength by 53.57%. The
An Investigation Into The Use Of Waste Polyethylene In Bituminous Paving Mixt...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into using waste polyethylene in bituminous paving mixtures. The study aimed to determine the effects of adding shredded polyethylene obtained from water sachets to asphalt. Polyethylene was added as a binder modifier by heating and mixing it with bitumen. Six mixtures with polyethylene contents ranging from 2.5-15% by weight of bitumen were tested. The specific gravity, tensile strength, and softening point of polyethylene were determined. Marshall samples were prepared and tested to evaluate the properties of mixtures containing polyethylene modified bitumen. The results showed that adding polyethylene can improve the performance characteristics of asphalt mixtures by increasing the softening point and strength.
IRJET- Synthesis and Study on Effect of Thickness on 3-Point Bending Strength...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the effect of core thickness on the 3-point bending strength of sandwich composites. Sandwich composites were prepared with glass fiber skins and polyurethane foam cores of two different thicknesses using hand layup. Samples were tested according to ASTM standards and results were recorded. It was observed that core thickness greatly affects bending resistance, as thicker cores can sustain greater loads due to their increased load bearing area. Experimental data showed significant changes in flexural loading conditions between samples with different core thicknesses. The study aimed to evaluate how core thickness influences the mechanical properties of lightweight sandwich composites.
Similar to IRJET- Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic Composite (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.