IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Study of properties of banana fiber reinforced compositeseSAT Journals
Abstract Natural fiber composites are nowadays being used in various engineering applications to increase the strength and to optimise the weight and the cost of the product. Various natural fibres such as coir, sisal, jute, coir and banana are used as reinforcement materials. In this paper both treated and untreated banana fiber are taken for the development of the hybrid composite material. The untreated banana fiber is treated by sodium hydroxide to increase the wettability. The untreated banana fiber and sodium hydroxide treated banana fiber are used as reinforcing material for both Epoxy resin matrix and Vinyl ester resin matrix. Coconut shell powder is used along with both untreated and treated banana fiber as a reinforcing material. In this process the banana fiber is treated with 5% of sodium hydroxide for one hour and the specimen is fabricated by hand moulding process. The mould used for fabricating the hybrid composite material is made up of aluminium with a debonding agent applied on the inner side. The banana fiber content is kept constant to 30% of weight fraction of entire composite material. The variation in mechanical properties are studied and analyzed. Here, the tensile strength has calculated by universal testing machine, impact strength has calculated by pendulum impact tester and flexural strength has calculated by universal testing machine with flexural test arrangement of the specimen. Then the treated and untreated specimens are analyzed and compared through Scanning Electron Microscope to study about its adhesion between fiber and resin matrix and surface morphology. Keywords: Natural Fiber Composites, Mechanical Properties, Surface morphology
Tensile strength of fiber for some type bananas (ambon, kepok, susu)eSAT Journals
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the fiber surface in the physical and mechanical properties of banana fibers and to determine the effect of fiber tensile load when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction in the form of pull. The results obtained from this study was the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the surface of banana fiber on the physical properties and mechanical properties of banana fiber are not suitable, because it just makes banana fiber strength becomes strong or fragile. The influence of tensile load of fiber when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction of 50: 50 in the form of pull sufficient effect on the tensile strength of the composite, as it makes the tensile strength of the composite itself to be increased or stronger. Keywords: Key word1, Key word2, Key word3, and Key word4 etc…
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FIBER ORIENTATION ON PALF REINFORCED BISPHENOL COMP...IAEME Publication
The main advantage of a composite material over conventional material like a monolithic metal is the
combination of different properties which are seldom found in the conventional material. In recent years natural fibers
appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and
nonrenewable synthetic fiber. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement
in thermoset composite. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical properties of PALF reinforced Bisphenol composite and explores the potential of using PALF as reinforcing
material.
Study of properties of banana fiber reinforced compositeseSAT Journals
Abstract Natural fiber composites are nowadays being used in various engineering applications to increase the strength and to optimise the weight and the cost of the product. Various natural fibres such as coir, sisal, jute, coir and banana are used as reinforcement materials. In this paper both treated and untreated banana fiber are taken for the development of the hybrid composite material. The untreated banana fiber is treated by sodium hydroxide to increase the wettability. The untreated banana fiber and sodium hydroxide treated banana fiber are used as reinforcing material for both Epoxy resin matrix and Vinyl ester resin matrix. Coconut shell powder is used along with both untreated and treated banana fiber as a reinforcing material. In this process the banana fiber is treated with 5% of sodium hydroxide for one hour and the specimen is fabricated by hand moulding process. The mould used for fabricating the hybrid composite material is made up of aluminium with a debonding agent applied on the inner side. The banana fiber content is kept constant to 30% of weight fraction of entire composite material. The variation in mechanical properties are studied and analyzed. Here, the tensile strength has calculated by universal testing machine, impact strength has calculated by pendulum impact tester and flexural strength has calculated by universal testing machine with flexural test arrangement of the specimen. Then the treated and untreated specimens are analyzed and compared through Scanning Electron Microscope to study about its adhesion between fiber and resin matrix and surface morphology. Keywords: Natural Fiber Composites, Mechanical Properties, Surface morphology
Tensile strength of fiber for some type bananas (ambon, kepok, susu)eSAT Journals
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the fiber surface in the physical and mechanical properties of banana fibers and to determine the effect of fiber tensile load when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction in the form of pull. The results obtained from this study was the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the surface of banana fiber on the physical properties and mechanical properties of banana fiber are not suitable, because it just makes banana fiber strength becomes strong or fragile. The influence of tensile load of fiber when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction of 50: 50 in the form of pull sufficient effect on the tensile strength of the composite, as it makes the tensile strength of the composite itself to be increased or stronger. Keywords: Key word1, Key word2, Key word3, and Key word4 etc…
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FIBER ORIENTATION ON PALF REINFORCED BISPHENOL COMP...IAEME Publication
The main advantage of a composite material over conventional material like a monolithic metal is the
combination of different properties which are seldom found in the conventional material. In recent years natural fibers
appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and
nonrenewable synthetic fiber. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement
in thermoset composite. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical properties of PALF reinforced Bisphenol composite and explores the potential of using PALF as reinforcing
material.
Evaluation of mechanical and water absorption behaviour of coir and rice husk...eSAT Journals
Abstract Coconut coir and rice husk are abundantly available in nature with the very low cost, and rice husk is an agricultural waste,
which is thrown away by the industry. The development of natural fiber composites from coconut coir and rice husk powder will
reduce agriculture waste and increases its usable value. Composite specimens were prepared according to the ASTM standards
with three different weight fractions of fiber, filler, and epoxy (5:15:80, 10:10:80, and 15:5:80) and conducted some mechanical
tests such as impact test and hardness test and water absorption behaviour. From the results it was found that, the mechanical
properties of untreated coir fiber and rice husk powder composites are more as compared to treated coir fiber and rice husk
powder composites, but in the case of water absorption property.
Keywords: Rice Husk, Coconut Coir, Natural Composites, Epoxy Composites, Mechanical Properties, Water
Absorption Behaviour
Effect of bio-finishes on designer’s naturally coloured cotton khadi stripe f...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The present study involves the eco-friendly naturally coloured cotton DDCC-1 and white cotton
yarns which were used to produce pin and medium stripe khadi fabrics and given special bio-finishes viz.,
enzymatic de-sizing, bio-polishing and silicon softener finish and further tested to know their impact on different
structural, performance and durable properties. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse their influence
on one another. It was found that on special finishing, both WC and DDCC-1 yarns became finer and slight
increase in cloth count; considerable reduction in bending length; improvement in crease recovery angle and
drapability of both the stripe fabrics was observed. Whereas, tensile strength and elongation were reduced; and
no considerable change was observed in abrasion and pilling. Keywords: DDCC-1, Designer’s fabrics, enzyme finish, medium stripe, naturally coloured cotton, physical
properties, pin stripe, softener wash, and special finish
Investigation of Mechanical Properties in Polyester and Phenyl-ester Composit...IJERA Editor
The purpose of the study is to utilize the chicken feather and finding the mechanical properties of the chicken feather reinforcing with polyester and phenyl ester. The bi-directional CFF reinforced composites were produced with phenyl ester and polyester resins with fiber reinforced composites, the chicken feather fibers (CFF) were cleaned, tested to know the mechanical properties and tensile behavior. It is found that the compressive properties of the CFF reinforced composites are significantly better than the control composites, however, the tensile and the flexural properties are determine by tensile, compressive, and flexural test. The CFF reinforced composite have potential applications due to its improved behavior and structural applications. The poultry waste can be utilized and used in any engineering applications, and it will be preferred due to low-cost and superior characteristics and the most importantly it will not cause ecological and health problems.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Vinylester Based BioComposite Material wi...IJERA Editor
In composites a conglomeration produces material properties which are unavailable from individual constituent
materials. The use of petroleum based products as constituents in polymer matrix composite has raised concerns
regarding environmental issue and non-renewability of the resource. Therefore in this work an attempt has been
made to develop a biocomposite material using untreated dupion silk fiber as reinforcement material and vinyl
ester as matrix material with Potato Starch used as filler material by hand layup technique.
The biocomposites were prepared in varying percentage of filler addition (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and
different mechanical tests (tensile, flexure and hardness) were conducted on the samples prepared to the ASTM
standards.
From the results of the experiments conducted on the specimen it can be concluded that the performance of 10%
Starch filler content Biocomposite is satisfactory in all aspects compared to 0%, 20%, and 30% Starch filler
content Biocomposites.
Application & Analysis of Banana Stem Fibre use as Construction Materialijtsrd
This project reviews the properties of banana fibres. These banana fibres were investigated by different researchers as a construction material to be used in composites (such as mortar and concrete). The different research carried out and the conclusions drawn are briefly presented. The aim of review is to compile the available data of banana fibres evaluated in last few decades and thus, it can be used as a references/guideline for the upcoming result of a particular fibre. Natural fibres are use to increase the strength properties of the composites. But all properties cannot be improved at the same time because fibres have their own characteristics. So it is recommended that appropriate fibre should be use for a particular purpose. Also, there should be guideline/criteria for acceptance of banana fibres, because of variable properties of a particular fibre in different regions. No doubt, banana fibres can be used in a variety of manners, but still, there is a need of research for investigating the further properties of fibres. Chaudhari Tejas Prakash | Govind Singh Solanki | Rakesh Sakale | Hirendra Pratap Singh"Application & Analysis of Banana Stem Fibre use as Construction Material" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8382.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/8382/application-and-analysis-of-banana-stem-fibre-use-as-construction-material/chaudhari-tejas-prakash
Effect of industrial bleach wash and softening on the physical, mechanical an...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
Garments washing is a novel process to impart worn-out look, to modify the appearance and to improve the comfort ability of the garments. Bleach wash is used to fade the color of denim in a higher degree as well as bleach wash has effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the denim also. This paper presents the impact of bleach wash and subsequent softening treatment on 100% cotton denim dyed with indigo dye. Garments were washed using a bleach concentration of 10 g/l for 30 minutes in 50oC temperature and then softened using standard recipe. The physical, mechanical and color properties were analyzed in before wash, after desizing, after bleaching and after softening. The properties that were analyzed include hand feel, tensile strength, seam strength, fabric weight, stiffness, dimensional stability and color fading. Bleach washed and softened garments exhibit a great difference in the physical, mechanical and color properties than the unwashed garments.
Mechanical Behaviour of Agricultural Residue Reinforced CompositesScientific Review
The increasing awareness and the quest for newer materials have given renewed interest to the development of green composites. This article focuses on the potential use of abundantly available waste agricultural residue for the preparation of composites. The mechanical properties of Rice straw fibers reinforced with Polyester resin, Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic polyester resin are studied and compared. Hand Layup technique is used to prepare the samples on which flexural and impact studies are made. Samples are made using different volumetric compositions of fiber and resin. The results show that the Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic resin offer good mechanical properties when compared to the polyester resin. Both these resins show similar behavior with respect fiber loading. The flexural strength decreases with increasing fiber loading for polyester resin and increasing trend is observed for both vinyl ester and isophthalic resin. Impact strength increases for the increase in fiber loading up to a certain limit and then decreases. It can be concluded from this study that the agro-waste materials are attractive reinforcements from the standpoint of their mechanical properties.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Highperformance&colour strength behavior of bambo or opolyester blendedwo...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this work, theHigh performance &colour strength Behaviourof bamboo & polyester woven fabrics have been studied in relation to weave and % of component fibers in the blends. The objective was to determine the influence of fabric factors such as weave and the constituent fiberscharacteristics on the fabric properties such as anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability, dye take up and capillarity havebeen studied. The experimental results show that 2/30s bamboo in warp way of twill woven fabric exhibits higher anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability , dye take up and capillaritywhen compared to other samples Keywords: high performance, colour strength, weave type, % component fibres, anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability and dye take up.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Evaluation the affects of mimo based rayleigh network cascaded with unstable ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Evaluation of mechanical and water absorption behaviour of coir and rice husk...eSAT Journals
Abstract Coconut coir and rice husk are abundantly available in nature with the very low cost, and rice husk is an agricultural waste,
which is thrown away by the industry. The development of natural fiber composites from coconut coir and rice husk powder will
reduce agriculture waste and increases its usable value. Composite specimens were prepared according to the ASTM standards
with three different weight fractions of fiber, filler, and epoxy (5:15:80, 10:10:80, and 15:5:80) and conducted some mechanical
tests such as impact test and hardness test and water absorption behaviour. From the results it was found that, the mechanical
properties of untreated coir fiber and rice husk powder composites are more as compared to treated coir fiber and rice husk
powder composites, but in the case of water absorption property.
Keywords: Rice Husk, Coconut Coir, Natural Composites, Epoxy Composites, Mechanical Properties, Water
Absorption Behaviour
Effect of bio-finishes on designer’s naturally coloured cotton khadi stripe f...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The present study involves the eco-friendly naturally coloured cotton DDCC-1 and white cotton
yarns which were used to produce pin and medium stripe khadi fabrics and given special bio-finishes viz.,
enzymatic de-sizing, bio-polishing and silicon softener finish and further tested to know their impact on different
structural, performance and durable properties. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse their influence
on one another. It was found that on special finishing, both WC and DDCC-1 yarns became finer and slight
increase in cloth count; considerable reduction in bending length; improvement in crease recovery angle and
drapability of both the stripe fabrics was observed. Whereas, tensile strength and elongation were reduced; and
no considerable change was observed in abrasion and pilling. Keywords: DDCC-1, Designer’s fabrics, enzyme finish, medium stripe, naturally coloured cotton, physical
properties, pin stripe, softener wash, and special finish
Investigation of Mechanical Properties in Polyester and Phenyl-ester Composit...IJERA Editor
The purpose of the study is to utilize the chicken feather and finding the mechanical properties of the chicken feather reinforcing with polyester and phenyl ester. The bi-directional CFF reinforced composites were produced with phenyl ester and polyester resins with fiber reinforced composites, the chicken feather fibers (CFF) were cleaned, tested to know the mechanical properties and tensile behavior. It is found that the compressive properties of the CFF reinforced composites are significantly better than the control composites, however, the tensile and the flexural properties are determine by tensile, compressive, and flexural test. The CFF reinforced composite have potential applications due to its improved behavior and structural applications. The poultry waste can be utilized and used in any engineering applications, and it will be preferred due to low-cost and superior characteristics and the most importantly it will not cause ecological and health problems.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Vinylester Based BioComposite Material wi...IJERA Editor
In composites a conglomeration produces material properties which are unavailable from individual constituent
materials. The use of petroleum based products as constituents in polymer matrix composite has raised concerns
regarding environmental issue and non-renewability of the resource. Therefore in this work an attempt has been
made to develop a biocomposite material using untreated dupion silk fiber as reinforcement material and vinyl
ester as matrix material with Potato Starch used as filler material by hand layup technique.
The biocomposites were prepared in varying percentage of filler addition (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and
different mechanical tests (tensile, flexure and hardness) were conducted on the samples prepared to the ASTM
standards.
From the results of the experiments conducted on the specimen it can be concluded that the performance of 10%
Starch filler content Biocomposite is satisfactory in all aspects compared to 0%, 20%, and 30% Starch filler
content Biocomposites.
Application & Analysis of Banana Stem Fibre use as Construction Materialijtsrd
This project reviews the properties of banana fibres. These banana fibres were investigated by different researchers as a construction material to be used in composites (such as mortar and concrete). The different research carried out and the conclusions drawn are briefly presented. The aim of review is to compile the available data of banana fibres evaluated in last few decades and thus, it can be used as a references/guideline for the upcoming result of a particular fibre. Natural fibres are use to increase the strength properties of the composites. But all properties cannot be improved at the same time because fibres have their own characteristics. So it is recommended that appropriate fibre should be use for a particular purpose. Also, there should be guideline/criteria for acceptance of banana fibres, because of variable properties of a particular fibre in different regions. No doubt, banana fibres can be used in a variety of manners, but still, there is a need of research for investigating the further properties of fibres. Chaudhari Tejas Prakash | Govind Singh Solanki | Rakesh Sakale | Hirendra Pratap Singh"Application & Analysis of Banana Stem Fibre use as Construction Material" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8382.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/8382/application-and-analysis-of-banana-stem-fibre-use-as-construction-material/chaudhari-tejas-prakash
Effect of industrial bleach wash and softening on the physical, mechanical an...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
Garments washing is a novel process to impart worn-out look, to modify the appearance and to improve the comfort ability of the garments. Bleach wash is used to fade the color of denim in a higher degree as well as bleach wash has effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the denim also. This paper presents the impact of bleach wash and subsequent softening treatment on 100% cotton denim dyed with indigo dye. Garments were washed using a bleach concentration of 10 g/l for 30 minutes in 50oC temperature and then softened using standard recipe. The physical, mechanical and color properties were analyzed in before wash, after desizing, after bleaching and after softening. The properties that were analyzed include hand feel, tensile strength, seam strength, fabric weight, stiffness, dimensional stability and color fading. Bleach washed and softened garments exhibit a great difference in the physical, mechanical and color properties than the unwashed garments.
Mechanical Behaviour of Agricultural Residue Reinforced CompositesScientific Review
The increasing awareness and the quest for newer materials have given renewed interest to the development of green composites. This article focuses on the potential use of abundantly available waste agricultural residue for the preparation of composites. The mechanical properties of Rice straw fibers reinforced with Polyester resin, Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic polyester resin are studied and compared. Hand Layup technique is used to prepare the samples on which flexural and impact studies are made. Samples are made using different volumetric compositions of fiber and resin. The results show that the Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic resin offer good mechanical properties when compared to the polyester resin. Both these resins show similar behavior with respect fiber loading. The flexural strength decreases with increasing fiber loading for polyester resin and increasing trend is observed for both vinyl ester and isophthalic resin. Impact strength increases for the increase in fiber loading up to a certain limit and then decreases. It can be concluded from this study that the agro-waste materials are attractive reinforcements from the standpoint of their mechanical properties.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Highperformance&colour strength behavior of bambo or opolyester blendedwo...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this work, theHigh performance &colour strength Behaviourof bamboo & polyester woven fabrics have been studied in relation to weave and % of component fibers in the blends. The objective was to determine the influence of fabric factors such as weave and the constituent fiberscharacteristics on the fabric properties such as anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability, dye take up and capillarity havebeen studied. The experimental results show that 2/30s bamboo in warp way of twill woven fabric exhibits higher anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability , dye take up and capillaritywhen compared to other samples Keywords: high performance, colour strength, weave type, % component fibres, anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability and dye take up.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Evaluation the affects of mimo based rayleigh network cascaded with unstable ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schem...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Performance analysis of cmos comparator and cntfet comparator designeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Transfer of ut information from fpga through ethernet interfaceeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Stability analysis of orthotropic reinforce concrete shear walleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Parametric study of response of an asymmetric building for various earthquake...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A heuristic approach for optimizing travel planning using genetics algorithmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Nanoparticle based charge trapping memory device applying mos technology a co...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Jute, an eco-friendly and affordable fiber grown profusely in India, possess unique combination of properties suited for the manufacture of non-textile products. However, its contribution for technical applications is limited at present. In this research, an effort has been made to investigate the physical and morphological properties of jute fiber when incorporated in epoxy matrix with a view to widen the share of jute fibers for engineered applications. Composite specimens containing nonwoven jute mat and alkali treated short jute fibers with different weight percentages (1, 2 wt%) were made using epoxy resin. The water absorption, thickness swelling (TS) and morphology [scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] tests of the bio composites were performed. As the fiber fraction ratio was increased the values for water absorption (WA) and thickness swell (TS) were found to be increased. The samples reinforced with 2 wt. percent fiber fractions showed maximum WA and TS in both water environments.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mechanical Characterization of Bio-Char Made Hybrid CompositeIJERA Editor
Material discoveries and development have always been the cause of the growth and development of a nation
and the need of naturally made materials is the need of hours. Thus this paper takes you to the development of a
hybrid composite made of sisal fiber with epoxy as the matrix intertwined with softwood bio-char. Softwood
chip bio-char, produced by slow pyrolysis, has a porous structure improving its nutrient absorbing capacity,
surface area and thus a potential substituent. Bio-char has an appreciable carbon sequestration value i.e. a carbon
absorbing product. The orientation of sisal fiber are changed and studied in longitudinal and orthogonal
direction indicating superiority of longitudinal fiber orientation .It also addresses the variation in mechanical
characteristic (tensile flexural and impact) with different constituent of the new composite and its position in
material selection charts with a direction for further work.
Mechanical Characterization of Biodegradable Linen Fiber CompositesIJMER
Abstract: The conventional materials like iron, mild steel, cast iron etc are having good mechanical properties. Hence they are widely used in structural engineering applications. These conventional materials have some defects like formation of rust, low weight to strength ratio, high production cost. To overcome these defects, engineers started fabricating composite materials. Composites exhibit peculiar properties like different strengths in different directions, rust resistant, high strength to weight ratio, but they pollute the environment. Now the natural fibre composites are widely used in automobile industry. The natural fibres and resins are used to fabricate an eco friendly composite material. Lack of resources and increasing environmental pollution has evoked great interest in the research of materials that are
friendly to our health and environment. Bio polymer composites fabricated from natural fibres is currently
the most promising area in polymer sciences. This is designed to assess the possibility of fibre as reinforcing material in composites. Epoxy resin was made a stiffened panel to conduct tensile test. In this paper it is aimed to explain all possible ways to use natural composites in automobile components. The main advantages of using natural fibers are their degradability and light weight. They are environment friendly and also increase the fuel economy
Mechanical Characterization of Biodegradable Linen Fiber CompositesIJMER
The conventional materials like iron, mild steel, cast iron etc are having good mechanical properties. Hence they are widely used in structural engineering applications. These conventional materials have some defects like formation of rust, low weight to strength ratio, high production cost. To
overcome these defects, engineers started fabricating composite materials. Composites exhibit peculiar
properties like different strengths in different directions, rust resistant, high strength to weight ratio, but
they pollute the environment. Now the natural fibre composites are widely used in automobile industry.
The natural fibres and resins are used to fabricate an eco friendly composite material. Lack of resources
and increasing environmental pollution has evoked great interest in the research of materials that are
friendly to our health and environment. Bio polymer composites fabricated from natural fibres is currently
the most promising area in polymer sciences. This is designed to assess the possibility of fibre as
reinforcing material in composites. Epoxy resin was made a stiffened panel to conduct tensile test. In this
paper it is aimed to explain all possible ways to use natural composites in automobile components. The
main advantages of using natural fibers are their degradability and light weight. They are environment
friendly and also increase the fuel economy
Experimental Determination of Impact Strength of Aluminium, Borassus Flabelli...IOSRJMCE
The usage of natural fibres like borassus flabellifer fiber, flax, sisal, jute, kenaf, etc. as replacement to manmade fibers in fiber-reinforced composites have increased now a days due to advantages like low density, low cost and biodegradability .In addition to this poor compatibility with the matrix and high absorption content of natural fibers, focus is diverted to fiber reinforced composites. In this research, the standard test method of ASTM D256M is used to prepare specimens for testing Impact strength properties of fiber-resin composites. The test specimen has a constant cross section with tabs bonded at the ends. The specimens were incorporated with borassus flabellifer fiber. Five identical specimens were prepared for each weight by varying fiber content in grams i.e. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5. Impact strength of fabricated composites were calculated.It is found that the Impact strength is increased with increase in weight of fiber. The Impact strength of pure polyester is also determined experimentally. The impact strength of pure polyester is 12.5 J/m. The Impact strength of fibered composite is 460 J/m (for maximum loading fiber)
EFFECT OF FIBER LENGTH ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PALF REINFORCED BISPHE...IAEME Publication
In recent years natural fibers appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and non-renewable synthetic fiber. Natural fibers like sisal, banana, jute, oil palm, kenaf and coir has been used as reinforcement in thermoset composite for applications in consumer goods, furniture, low cost housing and civil structures. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement in thermoset composite. The objective of the present work is to explore the potential of using PALF as reinforcement and investigate the effect of fiber length on mechanical properties of PALF reinforced Bisphenol composite.
Experimental study of behaviour of poultry feather fiber a reinforcing mate...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental study of behaviour of poultry feather fiber a reinforcing mate...eSAT Journals
Abstract Currently, the abundant quantity of chicken feather produced annually by the poultry industry as a waste in worldwide, is a serious solid agricultural waste problem. The traditional disposal strategies of chicken feather were not environmental friendly. Exploitation of secondary application alone is not a solution to the problem of environmental; also it enhances the commercial value of feathers. In this study, a review on the behaviour of the chicken feather fibers was made to understand their usability as a reinforcing material for composite fabrication. Fibers of some critical length were estimated experimentally and calculated relative density. Tensile property of fiber, dimensional and strength of the quill was estimated. It was observed that, the quill diameters were varying with length, and all of them were not weighing same. Chemical resistivity and burning tests were conducted, and results were reported. Morphology of the nonwoven mats was studied.
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Analysis of physical characteristics of bamboo
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 21
ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BAMBOO FABRICS Ajay Rathod1, Avinash Kolhatkar2 1Department of Textile Engineering, JDIET, Yavatmal, Maharastra, India 2Department of Textile Engineering, JDIET, Yavatmal, Maharastra, India Abstract This paper presents a study on physical properties of bamboo & bamboo-cotton(50:50) blended yarn fabrics which are commonly used for apparel production. Yarns of 4 different counts such as 20, 24, 30 & 40Ne were used as warp & Weft in bamboo & bamboo-cotton blended yarn fabric. All fabrics were produced in plain weave with 50 ppi. Various test such as breaking strength, elongation, fabric weight, thickness and abrasion resistance have been carried out to study the performance of bamboo & bamboo-cotton(50:50) blended yarn fabrics. The experimental result indicates that 100% bamboo fabric exhibits higher breaking strength than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric. Higher elongation values are noticed in the case of 100% bamboo fabric than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. It is also found that 100% bamboo fabric exhibits higher tearing strength than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric of similar specifications. The 100% bamboo fabric exhibits higher thickness than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric of similar specifications. The cover factor of bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric is higher than bamboo fabric. It is found that 100% bamboo fabric exhibits better performance than bamboo- cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. Keywords: Analysis, Bamboo, Strength, Plain Weave, Pick Density.
-------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION Bamboo fibre has been used various application such as building and construction, decoration, slope maintenance and high performance composites for the past many years. Regenerated bamboo fibres have characteristics mechanical properties of superior tensile strength, excellent UV protection, antibacterial and biodegradable characteristics, high moisture absorption, softness, brightness and high flexibility under flexible and compressive loads. With its high moisture absorption capacity, breathability and fast drying behavior, regenerated bamboo cellulose fibre ensures excellent comfort in various applications. Currently regenerated bamboo fibre is used in intimate apparels, hygienic products and sanitary materials, nonwovens and home furnishings [1]. Bamboo textile products are having high demands in the market because of their anti bacterial nature, biodegradable properties, high moisture absorption capacity, softness and UV protective capability [2]. Bamboo has much to offer in its raw form. Its geographical range is wide spread and its uses are numerous. As a grass, it has a diverse network of growth patterns and can flourish in harsh climates. Nevertheless, many animal and plant species depend on bamboo [3].
At present, there are two ways to utilize bamboo in the textile industry. One is to produce natural fibre from bamboo by chemical and physical treatment. The other method is to spin the regenerated fibre after the bamboo is retted into bamboo pulp. Since the latter has similar processing method of viscose. There are some advantages to the development of bamboo fibre for textiles. First, bamboo fibres are an environmental friendly fibre extracted from bamboo, which is renewable, fast growing, degradable and does not occupy cultivated land [4].
Bamboo is an antibacterial; relatively smooth fibre with low pilling and wrinkling, as well as high moisture sweat absorption, due to the micro gaps in its profile. Bamboo fabrics require less dyestuff than cotton fabrics in order to be dyed to the level desired, as they absorb the dyestuff better and faster and show the colour better [5]. Life standard is nowdays getting higher. The demands of people in all areas are increasing as well as the requirements regarding new textile materials with new or improved properties which are important for the required higher comfort or industrial use [6]. One of the most important aspects of clothing is comfort. Properties like thermal resistance, air permeability, water vapour permeability and liquid water permeability are critical for the thermal comfort of a clothed body. Comfort plays a vital role in the selection of apparel [7].
The demands from fabrics have changed with developments in technology and the rising living standards. Now the requirement is not only style and durability but also clothing comfort which includes psychological, sensorial and thermo- physiological comfort. It is evident that fibre type, yarn properties, fabric structure, finishing treatments and clothing conditions are the main factors affecting clothing comfort. Bamboo fibre is a regenerated cellulosic fibre produced from bamboo. The type of bamboo used for apparel is moso bamboo. Starchy pulp is produced from bamboo stems and leaves through a process of alkaline hydrolysis and multi
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 22
phase bleaching. Further chemical processes produce bamboo fibre. They have got numerous unique properties like inherent anti-bacterial property [8]. With the growing demand for more comfortable, healthier and environmentally friendly products, efforts in research and development activities in the textile industry have focused on the utilization of renewable and biodegradable resources as well as environmentally sound manufacturing processes in textiles. In this respect, a new kind of regenerated fibres which are an alternative to conventional ones[9] . An important area of textile is healthcare and hygiene sector among other medical applications. The range of products includes both disposable and non disposable items such surgical gown, mask, surgical drape, towels, gloves baby diapers, sanitary napkins and so on used in hospitals. Bamboo fibre has an excellent property that makes it ideal for processing into textiles. It is highly water absorbent, able to take up three times of its weight of water. Bamboo fibre has natural effect of sterilization, moisture vapour transmission property and easy drying. Therefore, this fibre will not cause skin allergies and its application in sanitary materials such as baby diaper, absorbent pads and sanitary towels is found to increase [10]. Hence, in the present work an attempt has been made to study and analyze the properties of 100% bamboo & bamboo – cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Materials 2.1.1 Fibre Properties Table-1 Physical Properties of Bamboo Fibre Physical Properties of Bamboo Fibre
Strength (g/tex)
34.3
Elongation (%)
16.0
Short Fibre Index (12.7mm)
5.58
Uniformity Index (%)
92.7
UHML(mm)
38.745
ML (mm)
35.62
Moisture (% )
6.5
Micronaire
4.0
Table–1 shows physical properties of bamboo fibre. Strength (gm/tex), Elongation (%), Short fibre index, Uniformity index, Moisture (%) and Micronaire are 34.3, 16.0, 5.58, 92.7, 6.5 and 4.0 respectively. 2.1.2 Production of 100% Bamboo & Bamboo: Cotton (50:50) Fabric Yarns of 20, 24, 30, 40Ne of 100% bamboo & bamboo- cotton (50:50) blend were used as warp & weft in plain fabric of 50 ppi & 75 epi. These fabric samples were produced with following fabric specifications on sample weaving machine.
Table-2 Specifications of Fabric
2.2 Experimental Methods 2.2.1 Fibre Properties Fibre properties such as strength, elongation, micronaire and uniformity index and moisture % etc. of bamboo are measured on Uster HVI SW 3.1.1.0 version. 2.2.2 Yarn Properties Yarn properties such as strength and elongation are measured on Uster Tensorapid Tester (3 V 6.1) with gauge length- 20 inches, velocity of jaw 2000 mm / min. While unevenness, imperfection and hairiness were measured on IQ Qualicentre (version A 3.0.2) with 400 meter test length. 2.2.3 Fabric Properties Physical properties of fabric such as fabric mass(ASTM- D3776:2009), thickness(ASTM D1777:2007), tearing strength (ASTM D1424:2009), breaking strength (IS 1969- 1985, R.A.2006), elongation (IS 1969-1985, R.A.2006), abrasion resistance (ASTM D4966-98, R.A.2007) etc were measured as per standards testing methods after conditioning the specimens at 65% RH and 27+/- 2oC for 24 Hrs. 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 3.1 Physical Properties of Fabric (Plain Fabric- 50 ppi) 3.1.1. Breaking Strength (Kg) Table 3.1: Breaking Strength
Code
Sample Particulars PPI 50
Breaking Strength
A
20 Ne 100% Bamboo
18.12
C
20 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
17.4
E
24 Ne 100% Bamboo
29.4
G
24 Ne 50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
15.5
I
30 Ne 100% Bamboo
21.9
K
30 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
15.4
M
40 Ne 100% Bamboo
30.95
O
40 Ne50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
21.5
Material Weave PPI EPI WP & WF Count
100% Bamboo
Plain
50
75
20,24,30,40
Bamboo-Cotton (50:50)
Plain
50
75
20,24,30,40
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 23
Graph 3.1: Breaking Strength Table 3.1 & Graph 3.1 show results of breaking strength of 100% bamboo & bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. The experimental result shows that, bamboo fabric exhibits higher breaking strength than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric. This result may be attributed to higher tenacity of bamboo fibre. The breaking strength is considerably higher for sample M compared with those for other samples. 3.1.2. Elongation (%) Table 3.2: Elongation%
Graph 3.2: Elongation% Table 3.2 & Graph 3.2 show results of elongation % of 100% bamboo & bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. The experimental result shows that, bamboo fabric exhibits higher elongation than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric. This result may be attributed to higher elongation of bamboo fibre. From the results, it is observed that higher elongation values are noticed in the case of 100% bamboo fabric than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics.
3.1.3. Fabric Weight (gm/m2)
Table 3.3: Fabric Weight
Code
Sample Particulars PPI 50
Fabric Weight
A
20 Ne 100% Bamboo
90.2
C
20 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
90.56
E
24 Ne 100% Bamboo
91.5
G
24 Ne 50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
92
I
30 Ne 100% Bamboo
91.1
K
30 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
90.3
M
40 Ne 100% Bamboo
90.8
O
40 Ne50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
92.35
Graph 3.3: Fabric Weight The results of fabric weight of 100% bamboo & bamboo- cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics are shown in table 3.3 & graph 3.3. The results indicate that fabric weight of bamboo- cotton (50:50) blended fabric is higher than 100% bamboo fabric. This may be due to difference in linear densities of fibres. 3.1.4. Tearing Strength (kg) Table 3.4: Tearing Strength
Code
Sample Particulars PPI 50
Tearing Strength
A
20 Ne 100% Bamboo
46
C
20 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
40
E
24 Ne 100% Bamboo
42.5
G
24 Ne 50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
42.
I
30 Ne 100% Bamboo
44.2
K
30 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
43.2
M
40 Ne 100% Bamboo
40.01
O
40 Ne50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
39.2
18.12
17.4
29.4
15.5
21.9
15.4
30.95
21.5
0
10
20
30
40
A
C
E
G
I
K
M
O
Breaking Strength (Kg)
28.03
24.37
36.96
31.54
23.37
23.76
27.12
22.57
0
10
20
30
40
A
C
E
G
I
K
M
O
Elongation (%)
90.2
90.56
91.5
92
91.1
90.3
90.8
92.35
89
89.5
90
90.5
91
91.5
92
92.5
93
A
C
E
G
I
K
M
O
Fabric Weight(gm/m2)
Code
Sample Particulars PPI 50
Elongation (%)
A
20 Ne 100% Bamboo
28.03
C
20 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
24.37
E
24 Ne 100% Bamboo
36.96
G
24 Ne 50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
31.54
I
30 Ne 100% Bamboo
23.37
K
30 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
23.76
M
40 Ne 100% Bamboo
27.12
O
40 Ne50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
22.57
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 24
Graph 3.4: Tearing Strength Table 3.4 & graph 3.4 shows results of tearing strength of 100% bamboo & bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. The experimental result shows that sample A has higher tearing strength when compared to all other samples. It is also found that 100% bamboo fabric exhibits higher tearing strength than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended fabric of similar specifications. 3.1.5. Cover Factor Table 3.5: Cover Factor
Code
Sample Particulars PPI 50
Cover Factor
A
20 Ne 100% Bamboo
19.92
C
20 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
21.25
E
24 Ne 100% Bamboo
20.25
G
24 Ne 50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
21.00
I
30 Ne 100% Bamboo
22.05
K
30 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
22.05
M
40 Ne 100% Bamboo
16.32
O
40 Ne50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
17.20
Graph 3.5: Cover Factor Table 3.5 & graph 3.5 illustrates the values of cover factor of 100% bamboo & bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. The experimental results show that, bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics exhibits better values of cover factor than bamboo fabric. This may be due to higher hairiness of bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn.
3.1.6. Thickness (mm)
Table 3.6: Thickness
Code
Sample Particulars PPI 50
Thickness (mm)
A
20 Ne 100% Bamboo
0.35
C
20 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
0.34
E
24 Ne 100% Bamboo
0.36
G
24 Ne 50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
0.36
I
30 Ne 100% Bamboo
0.36
K
30 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
0.31
M
40 Ne 100% Bamboo
0.38
O
40 Ne50:50 Bamboo/Cotton
0.36
Graph 3.6: Thickness Table 3.6 & graph 3.6 shows results of thickness of 100% bamboo & bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. It is found that 100% bamboo fabric exhibits higher thickness than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric of similar specifications. This result may be attributed to higher hairiness of 100% bamboo yarn. 3.1.7. Abrasion Resistance Table 3.7: Abrasion Resistance
46
40
42.5
42
44.2
43.2
40.01
39.2
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
A
C
E
G
I
K
M
O
Tearing Strength (Kg)
19.92
21.25
20.25
21
22.05
22.05
16.32
17.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
A
C
E
G
I
K
M
O
Cover Factor
0.35
0.34
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.31
0.38
0.36
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
A
C
E
G
I
K
M
O
Thickness(mm)
Code
Sample Particulars PPI 50
Abrasion Resistance
C
20 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton,
4
D
20 Ne 100% Bamboo
3
I
30 Ne 100% Bamboo
5
J
30 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
3
K
40 Ne 50:50% Bamboo/Cotton
3
N
40 Ne 100% Bamboo
4
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 25
Graph 3.7: Abrasion Resistance As shown in table-3.7 & graph-3.7. The abrasion resistance of 100% bamboo & (50:50) bamboo: cotton blended yarn fabric is 4, 3,5,3,3 and 4 respectively. 4. CONCLUSIONS The physical characteristics of woven fabrics made from 100% bamboo & bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn have been analyzed. Bamboo fabric exhibits higher breaking strength than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric. Higher elongation values are noticed in the case of 100% bamboo fabric than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabrics. It is also found that 100% bamboo fabric exhibits higher tearing strength than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric of similar specifications. The 100% bamboo fabric exhibits higher thickness than bamboo-cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric of similar specifications. The cover factor of bamboo- cotton (50:50) blended yarn fabric is higher than bamboo fabric. REFERENCES [1]. G.K. Tyagi, S.Bhattacharaya & G.Kherdekar, “ Comfort Behavior of Woven Bamboo-Cotton Ring and MJS Yarn Fabrics,” Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol.36, pp.47-52, March 2011. [2]. Abhijit Majumdar, Samrat Mukhopadhayay, Ravindra Yadav & Achintya Kumar Mondal, “ Properties of Ring Spun Yarns Made from Cotton and Regenerated Bamboo Fibre,” Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol.36, pp.18-23,March 2011. [3]. Marilyn Waite, “Sustainable Textiles: The Role of Bamboo and a Comparison of Bamboo Textile Properties” Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, Vol.6, Issue 2, Fall 2009. [4]. Wang Yueping, Wang Ge, Cheng Haitao, et.al “Structure of Bamboo fibre for Textile” Textile Research Journal, 80(4),pp.334-343, 2009. [5]. Filiz Sekerden, “Effect of Fabric Weave and Weft Types on the Characteristics of Bamboo/Cotton Woven Fabric” Fibre & Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol.19, No. 6(89),PP.47-52, 2011.
[6]. Prakash Chidambaram & Ramakrishnan Govindan, “Influence of Blend Ratio on Thermal Properties of Bamboo- Cotton Blended Woven Fabric” Silpakorn U Science & Technology Journal, Vol. 6(2), pp.49-55, 2012.
[7]. Prakash Chidambaram, Ramakrishana Govind & Koushik Chadramouli Venkataraman, “ The Effect of Loop Length and Yarn Linear Density on the Thermal Properties of Bamboo Knitted Fabric” Autex Research Journal, Vol.11, No.4, pp.102-105,December 2011.
[8]. Sudipta S Mahish, A. K. Patra & Rashmi Thakur, “ Functional Properties of Bamboo/Polyester Blended Knitted Apparel Fabrics” Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol.37, pp.231-237, Sept.2012. [9]. Nazan Erdumlu & Bulent Ozipek, “ Investigation of Regenerated Bamboo Fibre and Yarn Characteristics”, Fibre & Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol.16, No.4(69),PP.43-47, 2008. [10]. O. L. Shanmugasundaram, R V M Gowda, “Development and Characterization of Bamboo and Organic Cotton Fibre Blended Baby Diapers” Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol.35, pp.201-205, Sept.2010. [11]. R.Perumalraj, V. Arun Kumar, M. Mohanraj and S. Boopathraj, “Moisture Management Properties of Polyester with Bamboo Biply Knitted Fabrics,” Elixir International Journal, 53, pp-11690-11694, 2012. [12]. Prakash Chidambaram, Ramakrishana Govind & Koushik Chadramouli Venkataraman, “ Study of Thermal Comfort Properties of Cotton/Regenerated Bamboo Knitted Fabrics” African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 4(2),pp.60-66, 2012.
4
3
5
3
3
4
0
2
4
6
C
D
I
J
K
N
Abrasion Resistance