This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It discusses the levels of organization in the human body from atoms to organisms. The key levels are cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. Homeostasis and feedback systems that maintain equilibrium in the body are also explained. The document defines anatomical terminology used to describe body structures and their positions. It describes the major body cavities and membranes that divide the body.
This document provides an overview of basic human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, and describes the levels of organization of the human body from atoms to organ systems. It also discusses homeostasis, anatomical position, directional terms, body regions, body cavities, and serous membranes. Key topics covered include the 11 organ systems, functions of organisms, and planes of reference used to section the body.
The document discusses the abdominal regions and quadrants. The abdomen can be divided into 9 regions by two vertical and two horizontal planes, or into 4 quadrants by a single vertical and horizontal plane. The 4 quadrants are the right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, and left lower quadrant. Each quadrant contains specific important organs. The 9 regions divide the abdomen into the epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, and 6 side regions, each containing certain organs. Understanding the regions and quadrants is important for examining and describing abdominal pathologies.
This document provides an introduction to anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, outlines the subdivisions of each, and describes the structural organization of the human body from the chemical level to organ systems. Key concepts covered include homeostasis, control of homeostasis through feedback loops, anatomical position and terminology, body cavities and membranes, clinical imaging techniques, and Greek and Latin root words used in medical terminology.
The document provides an overview of the organization of the human body from basic building blocks like atoms and cells up through organ systems. It includes figures and tables to accompany a textbook chapter on anatomy and physiology. Key topics covered include body cavities and regions, anatomical terminology, organ systems and their functions, and serous membranes.
The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, including:
1. Bones are made of tissues like osseous tissue, cartilage, and connective tissue. The skeletal system framework includes bones and cartilages.
2. There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton, divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and their attachments).
3. Key bones include the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, clavicles, and bones of the upper and lower limbs. The skull has 28 bones including cranial and facial bones.
Anatomy and physiology Introduction Chapter 1 Notesmrhunterspage
The document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology, outlining key concepts such as anatomical position, body cavities, homeostasis, and levels of organization. It defines anatomy and physiology and describes the basic functions of the human body including movement, growth, digestion, and excretion. The reading also explains homeostasis and feedback systems that help maintain stable internal body conditions.
This presentation is useful for all the paramedic students, especially for nursing students for clear idea about Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses,
Presentation contains all the below subtopics:
Father of Anatomy
Meaning of Anatomy
Meaning of Physiology
Subdivision of Anatomy
Subdivision of Physiology
Branches of Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
Neuro anatomy
Developmental Anatomy
Division of anatomy and physiology into major body system
Twelve major body systems of Anatomy and Physiology
This document provides an overview of basic human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, and describes the levels of organization of the human body from atoms to organ systems. It also discusses homeostasis, anatomical position, directional terms, body regions, body cavities, and serous membranes. Key topics covered include the 11 organ systems, functions of organisms, and planes of reference used to section the body.
The document discusses the abdominal regions and quadrants. The abdomen can be divided into 9 regions by two vertical and two horizontal planes, or into 4 quadrants by a single vertical and horizontal plane. The 4 quadrants are the right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, and left lower quadrant. Each quadrant contains specific important organs. The 9 regions divide the abdomen into the epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, and 6 side regions, each containing certain organs. Understanding the regions and quadrants is important for examining and describing abdominal pathologies.
This document provides an introduction to anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, outlines the subdivisions of each, and describes the structural organization of the human body from the chemical level to organ systems. Key concepts covered include homeostasis, control of homeostasis through feedback loops, anatomical position and terminology, body cavities and membranes, clinical imaging techniques, and Greek and Latin root words used in medical terminology.
The document provides an overview of the organization of the human body from basic building blocks like atoms and cells up through organ systems. It includes figures and tables to accompany a textbook chapter on anatomy and physiology. Key topics covered include body cavities and regions, anatomical terminology, organ systems and their functions, and serous membranes.
The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, including:
1. Bones are made of tissues like osseous tissue, cartilage, and connective tissue. The skeletal system framework includes bones and cartilages.
2. There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton, divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and their attachments).
3. Key bones include the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, clavicles, and bones of the upper and lower limbs. The skull has 28 bones including cranial and facial bones.
Anatomy and physiology Introduction Chapter 1 Notesmrhunterspage
The document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology, outlining key concepts such as anatomical position, body cavities, homeostasis, and levels of organization. It defines anatomy and physiology and describes the basic functions of the human body including movement, growth, digestion, and excretion. The reading also explains homeostasis and feedback systems that help maintain stable internal body conditions.
This presentation is useful for all the paramedic students, especially for nursing students for clear idea about Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses,
Presentation contains all the below subtopics:
Father of Anatomy
Meaning of Anatomy
Meaning of Physiology
Subdivision of Anatomy
Subdivision of Physiology
Branches of Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
Neuro anatomy
Developmental Anatomy
Division of anatomy and physiology into major body system
Twelve major body systems of Anatomy and Physiology
The human skeleton can be divided into two parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and forms the core of the body providing support and protecting organs. The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones organized into the upper and lower limbs, including shoulders, pelvis, arms, forearms, hands, thighs, legs, feet, and ankles. Together the skeleton provides structure, movement, protection, storage, and production of blood cells to the body.
The document discusses anatomical position and how it is used to describe movement. It defines anatomical position as standing upright with arms at sides and facing forward. It introduces four key concepts for describing movement: planes, axes, positions, and movements. The three anatomical planes are frontal, sagittal, and transverse. Axes include anteroposterior, horizontal, and longitudinal. Common anatomical positions and movements are also defined such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and others. Understanding these concepts provides a framework for analyzing and describing human anatomy and kinesiology.
Human skeletal system - Movement and Locomotionrajkamble
The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation. There are various bone types including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Bones are composed of compact bone and spongy bone. The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton which connects to the axial skeleton and includes the upper and lower limbs. Diseases that can affect the skeletal system include osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Skeletal system
Divisions of skeletal system,
types of bone,
salient features and functions
of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system Organization of skeletal muscle,
physiology of muscle contraction,
neuromuscular junction.
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and other connective tissues that provide structure, protect organs, allow movement, store minerals, and produce blood cells. It is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton comprising the pectoral and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Bones can be classified as long, short, flat, or irregular. Diseases like osteoporosis and fractures are common skeletal issues. The skeletal system works with muscles to support the body and enable movement.
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It forms the central axis of the body and protects the organs. Bones are classified based on their shape and have characteristic surface markings like depressions, openings, and processes. Common disorders include herniated discs, scoliosis, and spina bifida.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure of the body and its parts, while physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function. The document describes the different levels of organization in the human body from the chemical level to the organismal level. It also outlines several important life processes for humans, including metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction. Homeostasis and feedback systems that maintain equilibrium in the body are explained. Key anatomical terms are defined to describe body positions, directions, and planes used to divide the body. The major body cavities - thoracic and abdominopelvic - are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy, including its main disciplines, definitions, basic organization, and key terminology. It discusses the microscopic, macroscopic, developmental, and neuroanatomical approaches. Key terms are defined, such as anatomical position, planes (median, sagittal, frontal, horizontal), and directional language (anterior, posterior, proximal, distal). Diagrams illustrate anatomical planes and examples of movements. The purpose is to introduce foundational concepts in human anatomy.
Ch. 1 Human Anatomy Orientation and Body RegionsWesley McCammon
The document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, and describes the levels of organization in the human body from atoms to organ systems. It then summarizes each of the major organ systems, including their structures and functions. Finally, it discusses homeostasis and introduces terminology used to describe anatomical positions, directions, and body planes.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
HUMAN BODY
ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the
body and of the relationship of its constituent
parts to each other.
In regional anatomy a geographical study is
made and each region, e.g., arm, leg, head,
chest, etc., is found to consist of a number of
structures common to all regions such as bones,
muscles, nerves, blood vessels and so on.
From this study it follows that a number of
different systems exist.
This document provides notes on human anatomy and physiology, specifically focusing on tissues of the human body. It defines tissues and describes the four main types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. For each tissue type, it discusses their structure, function and classification. Epithelial tissue is classified as simple or stratified. Connective tissue includes fibers, ground substance, and types such as loose connective, dense connective, cartilage and bone. Muscle tissue includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
The skeletal system comprises bones and cartilages that support the body, allow for movement, protect internal organs, and produce blood cells. There are two main types of bones - long bones in the limbs and flat/irregular bones in the skull, vertebrae, and pelvis. Bones form through either intramembranous or endochondral ossification and are constantly remodeled throughout life. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, providing structure and protection to the head, neck and trunk.
The document discusses establishing a common anatomical language to facilitate communication between doctors worldwide. It defines the anatomical position as standing erect with palms, feet, and head facing forward. Key directional terms are also introduced, including lateral/medial, distal/proximal, anterior/posterior, and superior/inferior. Understanding these universally accepted directional references is fundamental to anatomical descriptions.
This document provides an overview of medical terminology. It discusses how approximately 75% of medical terms are derived from Greek or Latin. Key aspects covered include word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and how they are combined to form medical terms. Examples are provided to illustrate common word roots relating to body parts and how prefixes and suffixes modify terms to indicate procedures, conditions, and parts of speech. The document also reviews anatomical terminology, anatomical position, planes, and common terms used to describe locations and movements in the body.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure of the human body and physiology as the study of body function. It then describes the levels of structural organization from chemicals and cells to tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. Key body systems covered include the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, and nervous system. For each system, it identifies main components and functions.
The skeletal system includes all of the bones and joints in the body. Each bone is a complex living organ that is made up of many cells, protein fibers, and minerals. The skeleton acts as a scaffold by providing support and protection for the soft tissues that make up the rest of the body. The skeletal system also provides attachment points for muscles to allow movements at the joints. New blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow inside of our bones.
The document summarizes the different types of joints in the body. There are three main classifications of joints: fibrous joints which are immovable, cartilaginous joints which allow some movement, and synovial joints which are freely movable. Synovial joints are further classified into six types based on their movement: plane, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, and ball and socket. Key features of synovial joints include an articular capsule lined with synovial membrane and fluid-filled cavity to protect the cartilage surfaces and allow smooth movement.
The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, and other functions for the body. It consists of both long bones and short bones, including those in the limbs, spine, skull, and pelvis. The skeletal system also produces blood cells and stores minerals. There are over 200 bones in the human body that can be classified by shape and location into groups like long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
The document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter 4 on tissues, including the four basic types of tissues - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. It provides details on the different cells and matrices that make up each type of tissue, their functions, and examples of where each tissue is found in the body. It also discusses membranes, tissue repair processes, and how tissues are impacted by aging.
The document summarizes Chapter 1 of a textbook on anatomy and physiology. It introduces the topics of anatomy and physiology, discusses the levels of structural organization of the human body from cells to organ systems, and describes basic anatomical terminology and concepts like planes, sections, and body cavities. It also discusses homeostasis and how the body maintains equilibrium.
Human anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry are the basic complementary basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year of medical school.
The major anatomy textbooks, Gray's anatomy, Hall of Guyton, and general anatomy by laeeq Hussain, have been recognized from a system format regional format.
L1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY & BODY FLUIDS COMPARTMENTS.pptxJoseph KUNDA
Human physiology is the study of the function of body parts.
this an introductory lecture that introduces learners to the exciting discovery of an exciting subject in the study of medicine.
The human skeleton can be divided into two parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and forms the core of the body providing support and protecting organs. The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones organized into the upper and lower limbs, including shoulders, pelvis, arms, forearms, hands, thighs, legs, feet, and ankles. Together the skeleton provides structure, movement, protection, storage, and production of blood cells to the body.
The document discusses anatomical position and how it is used to describe movement. It defines anatomical position as standing upright with arms at sides and facing forward. It introduces four key concepts for describing movement: planes, axes, positions, and movements. The three anatomical planes are frontal, sagittal, and transverse. Axes include anteroposterior, horizontal, and longitudinal. Common anatomical positions and movements are also defined such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and others. Understanding these concepts provides a framework for analyzing and describing human anatomy and kinesiology.
Human skeletal system - Movement and Locomotionrajkamble
The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation. There are various bone types including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Bones are composed of compact bone and spongy bone. The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton which connects to the axial skeleton and includes the upper and lower limbs. Diseases that can affect the skeletal system include osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Skeletal system
Divisions of skeletal system,
types of bone,
salient features and functions
of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system Organization of skeletal muscle,
physiology of muscle contraction,
neuromuscular junction.
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and other connective tissues that provide structure, protect organs, allow movement, store minerals, and produce blood cells. It is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton comprising the pectoral and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Bones can be classified as long, short, flat, or irregular. Diseases like osteoporosis and fractures are common skeletal issues. The skeletal system works with muscles to support the body and enable movement.
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It forms the central axis of the body and protects the organs. Bones are classified based on their shape and have characteristic surface markings like depressions, openings, and processes. Common disorders include herniated discs, scoliosis, and spina bifida.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure of the body and its parts, while physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function. The document describes the different levels of organization in the human body from the chemical level to the organismal level. It also outlines several important life processes for humans, including metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction. Homeostasis and feedback systems that maintain equilibrium in the body are explained. Key anatomical terms are defined to describe body positions, directions, and planes used to divide the body. The major body cavities - thoracic and abdominopelvic - are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy, including its main disciplines, definitions, basic organization, and key terminology. It discusses the microscopic, macroscopic, developmental, and neuroanatomical approaches. Key terms are defined, such as anatomical position, planes (median, sagittal, frontal, horizontal), and directional language (anterior, posterior, proximal, distal). Diagrams illustrate anatomical planes and examples of movements. The purpose is to introduce foundational concepts in human anatomy.
Ch. 1 Human Anatomy Orientation and Body RegionsWesley McCammon
The document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, and describes the levels of organization in the human body from atoms to organ systems. It then summarizes each of the major organ systems, including their structures and functions. Finally, it discusses homeostasis and introduces terminology used to describe anatomical positions, directions, and body planes.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
HUMAN BODY
ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the
body and of the relationship of its constituent
parts to each other.
In regional anatomy a geographical study is
made and each region, e.g., arm, leg, head,
chest, etc., is found to consist of a number of
structures common to all regions such as bones,
muscles, nerves, blood vessels and so on.
From this study it follows that a number of
different systems exist.
This document provides notes on human anatomy and physiology, specifically focusing on tissues of the human body. It defines tissues and describes the four main types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. For each tissue type, it discusses their structure, function and classification. Epithelial tissue is classified as simple or stratified. Connective tissue includes fibers, ground substance, and types such as loose connective, dense connective, cartilage and bone. Muscle tissue includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
The skeletal system comprises bones and cartilages that support the body, allow for movement, protect internal organs, and produce blood cells. There are two main types of bones - long bones in the limbs and flat/irregular bones in the skull, vertebrae, and pelvis. Bones form through either intramembranous or endochondral ossification and are constantly remodeled throughout life. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, providing structure and protection to the head, neck and trunk.
The document discusses establishing a common anatomical language to facilitate communication between doctors worldwide. It defines the anatomical position as standing erect with palms, feet, and head facing forward. Key directional terms are also introduced, including lateral/medial, distal/proximal, anterior/posterior, and superior/inferior. Understanding these universally accepted directional references is fundamental to anatomical descriptions.
This document provides an overview of medical terminology. It discusses how approximately 75% of medical terms are derived from Greek or Latin. Key aspects covered include word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and how they are combined to form medical terms. Examples are provided to illustrate common word roots relating to body parts and how prefixes and suffixes modify terms to indicate procedures, conditions, and parts of speech. The document also reviews anatomical terminology, anatomical position, planes, and common terms used to describe locations and movements in the body.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure of the human body and physiology as the study of body function. It then describes the levels of structural organization from chemicals and cells to tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. Key body systems covered include the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, and nervous system. For each system, it identifies main components and functions.
The skeletal system includes all of the bones and joints in the body. Each bone is a complex living organ that is made up of many cells, protein fibers, and minerals. The skeleton acts as a scaffold by providing support and protection for the soft tissues that make up the rest of the body. The skeletal system also provides attachment points for muscles to allow movements at the joints. New blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow inside of our bones.
The document summarizes the different types of joints in the body. There are three main classifications of joints: fibrous joints which are immovable, cartilaginous joints which allow some movement, and synovial joints which are freely movable. Synovial joints are further classified into six types based on their movement: plane, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, and ball and socket. Key features of synovial joints include an articular capsule lined with synovial membrane and fluid-filled cavity to protect the cartilage surfaces and allow smooth movement.
The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, and other functions for the body. It consists of both long bones and short bones, including those in the limbs, spine, skull, and pelvis. The skeletal system also produces blood cells and stores minerals. There are over 200 bones in the human body that can be classified by shape and location into groups like long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
The document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter 4 on tissues, including the four basic types of tissues - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. It provides details on the different cells and matrices that make up each type of tissue, their functions, and examples of where each tissue is found in the body. It also discusses membranes, tissue repair processes, and how tissues are impacted by aging.
The document summarizes Chapter 1 of a textbook on anatomy and physiology. It introduces the topics of anatomy and physiology, discusses the levels of structural organization of the human body from cells to organ systems, and describes basic anatomical terminology and concepts like planes, sections, and body cavities. It also discusses homeostasis and how the body maintains equilibrium.
Human anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry are the basic complementary basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year of medical school.
The major anatomy textbooks, Gray's anatomy, Hall of Guyton, and general anatomy by laeeq Hussain, have been recognized from a system format regional format.
L1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY & BODY FLUIDS COMPARTMENTS.pptxJoseph KUNDA
Human physiology is the study of the function of body parts.
this an introductory lecture that introduces learners to the exciting discovery of an exciting subject in the study of medicine.
The document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It discusses the main body systems including integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive. It covers anatomical terminology including positional, regional, and directional terms. It also describes the levels of structural organization from cells to organ systems. Additionally, it discusses homeostasis and how the body maintains stable internal conditions through feedback mechanisms.
Anatomy is the study of body structure while physiology is the study of body functions. The human body is organized in multiple levels from atoms and molecules to cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Homeostasis refers to maintaining equilibrium in the internal environment through feedback mechanisms. Anatomy and physiology provide a foundation for understanding health and disease.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology, describing the six levels of organization of the human body from the chemical to the organismal level. It explains that anatomy is the study of body structures and physiology is the study of body functions. The six levels of organization are the chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organismal levels. The document also introduces basic anatomical terminology used to describe body positions and locations.
Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts, while physiology is the study of how body parts function. The human body maintains homeostasis through various regulatory mechanisms that ensure conditions stay balanced despite internal or external changes. Homeostatic control systems involve stimuli that are detected by receptors and transmitted to control centers which trigger responses through effectors to counteract the original change. Examples of homeostatically regulated variables include body temperature, fluid balance, blood sugar, and blood pressure.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology. It discusses that the human body is made up of systems that work interdependently to keep the body functioning normally. Anatomy is the study of body structures and their relationships, often through dissection or advanced imaging. Physiology is the study of how body systems function and maintain life. Understanding anatomy and physiology is important for nurses to properly assess, plan, and evaluate patient care. The document then discusses the levels of biological organization in the body and provides examples of anatomical terminology. It also describes the major body cavities and their contents.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the scientific study of the body's structures, and physiology as the study of how structures function. The human body is organized in a hierarchy from smallest to largest - subatomic particles to atoms to molecules to organelles to cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms. Homeostasis refers to the steady internal conditions the body maintains, such as temperature and blood pressure. The body requires oxygen, nutrients, a narrow temperature range, and atmospheric pressure to function properly and sustain life.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It discusses the levels of structural organization in the body from molecules to organ systems. It also covers characteristics of life like metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction. Key concepts like homeostasis, feedback loops, body cavities, membranes, and the requirements of organisms are explained. The major organ systems and how they work together to support the characteristics of life is described.
Unit I, chapter-1- introduction to human body finalAudumbar Mali
This document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of the physical structure of the human body and physiology as the study of the internal workings of living things. It describes the six levels of structural organization from atoms to the organism. There are 11 human body systems including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular systems. The basic life processes of metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction are also outlined. Homeostasis and the nervous and endocrine systems that help control it are explained. Finally, basic anatomical terminology including anatomical position, regional names, sections, and body cavities are defined.
Anatomy and physiology concerned with the structures and functions of the human body.
• Anatomy describes the structures of the body -- their scientific names, composition,
location, and associated structures. Anatomy (“a cutting open”) is a plan or map of the
body.
• Physiology studies the function of each structure, individually and in combination with
other structures.
• Anatomy and physiology always work together. As we examine each part of the body,
always consider both its structure and its function.
This document discusses the physical and hormonal changes that occur during adolescence. It defines adolescence as the period from ages 11 to 18/19 when the body undergoes changes to reach sexual maturity. Some of the changes discussed for males and females include increased height, voice changes, body shape changes, and development of secondary sex characteristics. The role of hormones like estrogen and testosterone in driving puberty is also explained. The document also covers the menstrual cycle and how the sex of a baby is determined by the chromosomes from the male sperm (X or Y).
functional organization of the human bodyFatimaSundus1
The document discusses the key concepts of physiology including:
1. Physiology seeks to explain the mechanisms of life from the cellular to organ system levels.
2. The human body functions through the coordinated interactions of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems to maintain homeostasis.
3. The circulatory system transports extracellular fluid, nutrients, gases, and waste throughout the body via the blood in order to support cellular function and life.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of body structure and physiology as the study of body function. Anatomy can be studied regionally, systemically, or at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Physiology considers how organ systems and individual organs function, often at the cellular or molecular level. Homeostasis and the interaction between structure and function are also discussed. Various anatomical planes, directions, and body cavities are defined.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of body structure and physiology as the study of body functions. The human body is made up of highly complex systems that work interdependently. The body has six levels of structural organization from chemical to cellular to tissue to organ to system to the whole organism. Key anatomical terms are introduced to describe body positions and regions. The major body cavities, including the cranial, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities, are outlined along with the structures and linings contained within each.
The document provides information about the major human body systems and how they work to maintain homeostasis. It discusses the levels of organization from cells to organ systems. The main organ systems described are the nervous, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic/immune, muscular, reproductive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems. It also explains how feedback inhibition allows the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature and maintain homeostasis.
The document provides information about the major human body systems and how they work to maintain homeostasis. It discusses the levels of organization from cells to organ systems. The main organ systems described are the nervous, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic/immune, muscular, reproductive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems. It also explains how feedback inhibition allows the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature and maintain homeostasis.
The document provides information about the major human body systems and how they work to maintain homeostasis. It describes the levels of organization from cells to organ systems. The main organ systems discussed are the nervous, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic/immune, muscular, reproductive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems. It also explains how feedback inhibition allows the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature and maintain homeostasis.
The document provides information about the major human body systems and how they work to maintain homeostasis. It discusses the levels of organization from cells to organ systems. The main organ systems described are the nervous, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic/immune, muscular, reproductive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory, and digestive systems. It also explains how feedback inhibition allows the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature and maintain homeostasis.
Human Anatomy:
It is the branch of science that studies the physical structure of the human body.
Physiology:
It is the branch of biology that deals with the internal working of living things, including functions such as metabolism, respiration, and reproduction.
All multicellular organisms are organized at different levels, starting with the cell and ending with the entire organism.
There are six levels of organization (from smallest to largest)
The chemical
The cellular
The tissue
The organ
The organ system
The organism
There are 11 systems of the human body
Integumentary system (hairs, nails, sweat glands, oil glands)
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Nervous system
Urinary system
There are 6 most important life processes of the human body are :
1. Metabolism: It is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.
Catabolism: breakdown of complex chemical substance into simpler components e.g. digestion of protein into amino acids.
Anabolism: building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components e.g. use of amino acids to build new proteins in the body.
Responsiveness: The body can detect and respond to changes.
Movement: It includes the motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, etc.
Growth: It is an increase in body size and weight
Differentiation: It is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.
Reproduction: formation of new cells or the production of a new individual.
Homeostasis- the self-sustaining mechanisms in organisms that try to maintain stable internal conditions.
Homeostasis is a dynamic condition in response to changing conditions.
The two body systems that largely control the body’s homeostatic state:
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Head: It consists of a skull and face.
Neck: It supports the head.
Trunk: It consists of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.
Upper limb: It consists of the shoulder, armpit, arm, forearm, and wrist.
Lower limb: It consists of the thigh, ankle, and foot
Directional terms are used to precisely locate one part of the body relative to another and to reduce the length of explanations.
Superior/Cephalic/Cranial
Inferior/Caudal
Anterior/Ventral/Rostral
Posterior/Dorsal
Superficial: toward the surface
Deep: away from the surface
Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.