This document provides an introduction to phrase structure in English grammar. It discusses some key properties of English grammar, including linearity, hierarchy, and categorization. It then outlines some basic phrase structure rules, including the internal structure of noun phrases and determiners. The document also covers adverbial clauses, prepositional phrases, and the ordering of sentence-final adverbials. Overall, the document introduces some fundamental concepts in English phrase structure and grammar.

1. Introduction to Phrase
Structure
Reporter:
Blasco, Joy Marie D.

2. 1.) a. He threw the ball to the girl made of orange
rubber.
b. He threw the ball made of orange rubber to the
girl.
2.) a. Sitting on the porch, they watched the sunset.
b. They watched the sunset sitting on the porch.
3.) a. She served sandwiches to the children on paper
plates.
b. She served sandwiches on paper plates to the

3. 4.) a. A popular destination for cruise ships, tourists
flock to Alaska.
b. A popular destination for cruise ships, Alaska
attracts tourists.
5.) a. The book almost hit Bill’s head that we bought
online.
b. The book that we bought online almost hit Bill’s
head.

4. In English, word order within
sentences is less flexible than it is in
many other languages, or than it was in
English 1,000 years ago.

5. Gikuha nako ni didto.
Didto nako ni gikuha.
Gikan sa iya ning bag.
Sa iya gikan ning bag.

9. In languages like English:
•Verb precedes the object
•Auxiliary verbs normally precede verbs
•Prepositions precede their objects
•Relative clauses follow the nouns they modify.

10. Basic Properties of English Grammar
Linearity
Hierarchy
Categoriality
Words and morphemes of any English sentence
need to be in some sort of sequence.
Some words group together and these groups in
turn contribute to other groups
Some words and groups of words
behave grammatically in very similar
ways and in ways that are different
from words or group of words.

11. Basic Properties of English Grammar

13. Knowing the
abbreviations

14. Expanded into
sm Sentence Modifier
S Sentence
( ) Optional
[ ] presented in
different ways
S’ obligatory
sentence core

15. n ability to generate any number
NP noun phrase
det determiner
-pl plural
PrepP Prepositional phrase
Pro Pronoun
AP Adjective Phrase

16. First Phrase Structure Rule:

23. The determiner slot consists of three categories
1.Predeterminers
(all, both)
2.Core determiners
(articles, demonstratives and possessives)
3.Postdeterminers
(quantifiers like three and other)

28. The rules…

33. The Internal Structure of
Adverbials

35. An adverbial clause can be expanded to include an
adverbial subordinator (adv sub) followed by a
new sentence.

39. Structural Variation in
Prepositional Phrases

40. In sentence final adverbials, prepositions are used
to give adverbial function to nouns with temporal
or locative meaning.

41. However, in some sentences, such as the
following, prepositions are optionally deletable.

42. And in some sentences, prepositions simply do not
occur in English before certain nouns that function
adverbially.

45. The Ordering of Sentence-
Final Adverbials

46. Frequency Time Direction
Manner Position Reason Purpose
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

47. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

51. The Importance of Studying
Phrase Structure

54. Teaching
Suggestion