The document provides a historical overview of neuroscience from prehistory to modern times. It discusses key developments such as the realization that the brain, not the heart, is the center of intelligence and memory (Ancient Greece). Later studies localized brain functions and identified the neuron as the basic functional unit of the nervous system (19th century). Contemporary neuroscience examines the brain at molecular, cellular, systems and behavioral levels to understand nervous system disorders and the relationship between brain activity and the mind.