This document provides an overview of the brain and biological psychology. It begins with an introduction to the major parts of the brain including structures like the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Later lessons discuss the lobes of the cerebral cortex, split brain research, neurons, and neurotransmitters. It also distinguishes between the nervous and endocrine systems. The document aims to explain how biological processes and systems impact human behavior.
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
lecture 4 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes about 15 major brain areas, anatomical terminology, brain imaging procedures (CT, MRI, EEG, PET)
lecture 5 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes Golgi, Cajal, parts of the neuron, action potentials, synapse, neurotransmitters, agonist, antagonist, parts of the nervous system
PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem SolvingBlixs Phire
Thinking
-is type of behavior that uses as “inner representations” of objects and events.-the symbolic reference deals with remembered,absent or imagined things and events,including those and elaborates on what is present in perception and movement
Thinking Process Involves:
Problem Solving
Problem Solving*whenever goal-oriented activity is blocked,or whenever a need remained unfulfilled,or perplexity unresolved,there is a problem.
* Solving a problems usually involves discovering a correct response to a new situation*It involves the appropriate combination of concepts ,ideas and skills.
Nature of Cognitive Psychology & Current Trends
According to Neisser(1967), Cognitive Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information.
Cognitive Psychology deals with our mental life; what goes inside our heads when we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize, reason, decide, and so forth.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
Cognitive Neuroscience - Current Perspectives And Approaches Vivek Misra
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain.
In current slides, I tried to cover History, Basic Concepts and Research Methods currently used in cognitive neuroscience research.
lecture 4 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes about 15 major brain areas, anatomical terminology, brain imaging procedures (CT, MRI, EEG, PET)
lecture 5 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes Golgi, Cajal, parts of the neuron, action potentials, synapse, neurotransmitters, agonist, antagonist, parts of the nervous system
PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem SolvingBlixs Phire
Thinking
-is type of behavior that uses as “inner representations” of objects and events.-the symbolic reference deals with remembered,absent or imagined things and events,including those and elaborates on what is present in perception and movement
Thinking Process Involves:
Problem Solving
Problem Solving*whenever goal-oriented activity is blocked,or whenever a need remained unfulfilled,or perplexity unresolved,there is a problem.
* Solving a problems usually involves discovering a correct response to a new situation*It involves the appropriate combination of concepts ,ideas and skills.
Nature of Cognitive Psychology & Current Trends
According to Neisser(1967), Cognitive Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information.
Cognitive Psychology deals with our mental life; what goes inside our heads when we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize, reason, decide, and so forth.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
Cognitive Neuroscience - Current Perspectives And Approaches Vivek Misra
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain.
In current slides, I tried to cover History, Basic Concepts and Research Methods currently used in cognitive neuroscience research.
Slide seires shows the course of my career. The talk was given to two sets of postgraduate students enrolled in psychology and neuroscience courses at Aarhus University. There are photos of most of the teachers and researchers that meant most to me during my academic life.
he nervous system is a network of neurons whose main feature is to generate, modulate and transmit information between all the different parts of the human body. This property enables many important functions of the nervous system, such as regulation of vital body functions (heartbeat, breathing, digestion), sensation and body movements. Ultimately, the nervous system structures preside over everything that makes us human; our consciousness, cognition, behaviour and memories.
The nervous system consists of two divisions;
Central nervous system (CNS) is the integration and command center of the body
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) represents the conduit between the CNS and the body. It is further subdivided into the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Cells of the nervous system
Two basic types of cells are present in the nervous system;
Neurons
Glial cellsCells of the nervous system
Two basic types of cells are present in the nervous system;
Neurons
Glial cells
The site where an axon connects to another cell to pass the neural impulse is called a synapse. The synapse doesn't connect to the next cell directly. Instead, the impulse triggers the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters from the very end of an axon. These neurotransmitters bind to the effector cell’s membrane, causing biochemical events to occur within that cell according to the orders sent by the CNS.
There are two types of neurons, named according to whether they send an electrical signal towards or away from the CNS;
Efferent neurons (motor or descending) send neural impulses from the CNS to the peripheral tissues, instructing them how to function.
Afferent neurons (sensory or ascending) conduct impulses from the peripheral tissues to the CNS. These impulses contain sensory information, describing the tissue's environment.Glial cells
Glial cells (Neuroglia); Image:
Astrocyte (Astrocytus); Image:
Glial cells
Neuroglia
1/5
Synonyms: Neuroglia
Glial cells, also called neuroglia or simply glia, are smaller non-excitatory cells that act to support neurons. They do not propagate action potentials. Instead, they myelinate neurons, maintain homeostatic balance, provide structural support, protection and nutrition for neurons throughout the nervous system.
This set of functions is provided for by four different types of glial cells;
Myelinating glia produce the axon-insulating myelin sheath. These are called oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS. Remember these easily with the mnemonic "COPS" (Central - Oligodendrocytes; Peripheral - Schwann)
Astrocytes (CNS) and satellite glial cells (PNS) both share the function of supporting and protecting neurons.
Other two glial cell types are found in CNS exclusively; microglia are the phagocytes of the CNS and ependymal cells which line the ventricular system of the CNS. The PNS doesn’t have a glial equivalent to microglia as the phagocytic role is performed by macrophages.
Biological bases of human behaviour (complete) 2PoornimaSingh35
Introduction to Psychology/Biological basis of behavior. ... The most important physical structure for psychologists is the nervous system. The nervous system carries orders from the brain and spinal cord to various glands and muscles, it also carries signals from stimuli receptors to the spinal cord and brain.
Nervous system consists of highly complex structure co-ordinates and controls the body along with the endocrine system.
Here we discussed about some important outlines concerned of psychobiology which is coming under unit 2 of syllabus of clinical speciality - mental health nursing.
The key points are,
- The anatomic review
- Brain & limbic system
- Nerve tissue-> Neurons & Neuroglia, Synapses, Synaptic cleft
- Neurotransmitters
- Autonomic nervous system, - sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Apart from these, its relation with different psychiatric disorders are also explained in brief.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Lesson 1: The Brain
EQ: How do biological processes and systems
impact behavior?
Vocabulary
• Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)
• Cerebellum
• Pons
• Medulla
• Reticular Activating System
• Corpus Callosum
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Hippocampus
• Amygdala
• Pituitary Gland
• Spinal Cord
4. Parts of the Brain
Use Your Textbook Resources to Complete the Chart Below
Part of the Brain
Medulla
Pons
Reticular
Activating System
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Pituitary Gland
Cerebral Cortex
Corpus Callosum
Primary Function(s)
6. Spinal Cord
• Transmits neural
signals between
the brain and the
rest of the body.
• Contains neural
circuits that can
independently
control numerous
reflexes
11. Reticular Activating System
(RAS)
• Responsible for
regulating arousal
and sleep
• Helps mediate
transitions from
relaxed
wakefulness to
periods of high
attention.
13. Thalamus
• In Forebrain
• Receives sensory
information and
sends them to
appropriate areas
of the cerebral
cortex.
• Like a switchboard.
• Everything but
smell.
15. Hippocampus and Amygdala
• Hippocampus is
involved in memory
processing.
• Amygdala is vital
for our basic
emotions. Involved
with anger
16. Hypothalamus
• Pea sized in brain, but
plays a not so pea sized
role.
• Body temperature
• Hunger
• Thirst
• Sexual Arousal (libido)
• Endocrine System
17. Pituitary Gland
• “Master Gland”
• An important link
between the nervous
system and the endocrine
system
• Releases many hormones
which affect growth,
sexual development,
metabolism and the
system of reproduction.
18. Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)
• Top layer of our
brain.
• Responsible for highlevel mental process
and thought
• Contains wrinkles
called fissures.
• The fissures increase
surface area of our
brain.
• Divided into two
hemispheres
20. Corpus Callosum
• Corpus Callosum
attaches the two
hemispheres of
cerebral cortex.
• Allows both
hemispheres to
communicate with
one another
21. Lesson 1: The Brain
Summarizer:
Brain Parts and
Functions
22.
23. Lesson 2: The Brain
ACTIVATOR:
3 Parts of the Brain
2 Facts learned
1 Question
24. Lesson 2: The Brain
EQ: How do biological processes and systems
impact behavior?
Vocabulary
• Frontal Lobe
• Parietal Lobe
• Occipital Lobe
• Temporal Lobe
• Motor Cortex (Strip)
• (Soma)Sensory
Cortex (Strip)
• Broca’s Area
• Wernicke’s Area
25. Lobes and Areas Assignment
1. Read the article in your packet entitled Men and
Women are Different and answer the questions on
the accompanying question sheet.
2. Using colored pencils, locate, label, and shade the
following: (Use pg. 74 in your text)
• Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Occipital
Lobe, Motor Cortex, Somasensory Cortex, Broca’s
Area, and Wernicke’s Area.
• Note: The areas and cortexes are located in lobes. This
means you must locate all areas prior to coloring.
3. Meet with a partner to check each other’s work
27. Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
• Divided into eight
lobes, four in each
hemisphere (frontal,
parietal, occipital
and temporal).
• Any area not dealing
with our senses or
muscle movements
are called
association areas.
28. Frontal Lobe
• Executive center of the
brain.
• Deals with planning,
maintaining emotional
control, abstract thought,
and the storage of
memories.
• Contains Broca’s Area.
• Contains Motor Cortex
(Strip)
29. Parietal Lobes
• Located at the top of our
head.
• Contains the Somasensory
Cortex (Strip)
• Rest are association areas.
31. Occipital Lobes
• In the back of our
head.
• Contains the visual
association area
which handles visual
information from the
eyes.
• Right half of each
retina goes to left
occipital lobe and
vice versa.
32. Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas
• Broca’s Area
• Located in the frontal lobe
• Responsible for speaking
• When damaged (aphasia) people speak
slowly/laboriously with simple sentences
• Wernicke’s Area
• Located in the temporal lobe
• Responsible for understanding speech
• When damaged(aphasia) speech is meaningless
36. Lesson 3: Split Brain/Cerebral Lateralization
EQ: How do biological processes and systems
impact behavior?
Vocabulary
• Corpus Callosum
• Epilepsy
• Longitudinal Fissure
37. Activating Strategy
• Get into pairs
• With your partner hold the paper in place and a writing utensil
in each hand, attempt to draw a “star” and a “circle” at the
same time.
38. Hemispheres
• Divided into a left and
right hemisphere.
• Contra-lateral
controlled- left
controls right side of
body and vice versa.
• Brain Lateralization.
40. Split Brain: Assignment 1
• Read with a Purpose: Read p. 65
in alternate textbook.
• Summarize the main points and
the experiment discussed.
• Focus on the outcomes.
43. Split Brain: Assignment 2
• Group discussion:
• Now that you have watched the film, what are
some right and left brain abilities that were
revealed in the film the film?
• What are some questions that you have
remaining?
51. Neuroanatomy: Formal Assessment
Link Through Color: Using the three
sheets provided, color the
corresponding parts on each sheet.
Colors should be consistent
demonstrating your understanding of
the connection between diagrams. You
have 15 minutes to complete this
assignment.
52. How does a Neuron fire?
• Resting Potential: slightly
negative charge.
• Reach the threshold when
enough neurotransmitters
reach dendrites.
• Go into Action Potential.
• All-or-none response.
• Transfer of ions across
axon’s membrane causes
electrical charge.
56. Neurotransmitter Assignment
Using the article Plunge of Pleasure
and the Read with a Purpose technique
collect evidence on the psychological
importance of dopamine and
serotonin. This information includes
associated behaviors, disorders, and
relationship to other drugs.
58. Serotonin
• Involved in mood
control.
• Lack of Serotonin
has been linked to
clinical depression
• SSRI’s
• Paxil
• Zoloft
59. Dopamine
• Deals with infatuation,
motor movement, and
alertness.
• Lack of dopamine has
been linked to
Parkinson’s disease.
• Too much has been
linked to schizophrenia.
• Cocaine increases levels
of dopamine by blocking
reuptake
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OS2C4NemJI&feature=related
60. Acetylcholine (ACH)
• Deals with motor
movement and
memory.
• Lack of ACH has
been linked to
Alzheimer’s disease.
• Nicotine triggers
ACH receptor sites.
• Reduce # of ACH
receptors resulting in
withdrawal
symptoms and
cravings.
61. Endorphins (Endogenous Morphine)
• Involved in pain
control and feelings
of wellbeing
• Opiates and
endorphins trigger
the same receptor
sites. (morphine,
codeine, heroin)
• Causes the Runner’s
High
62. Drugs can be…..
• Agonists- make neuron fire
• Antagonists- stop neural firing
• Reuptake Inhibitors- block
reuptake
63. Lesson 6: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
EQ: How do biological processes and systems
impact behavior?
Vocabulary
• Central Nervous System
• Endocrine System
• Peripheral Nervous System
• Thyroid
• Somatic Nervous System
• Androgen
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Estrogen
• Sympathetic Nervous System
• Parasympathetic Nervous System
66. Peripheral Nervous System
• All nerves that are not
encased in bone.
• Everything but the
brain and spinal cord.
• Is divided into two
categories….somatic
and autonomic.
68. Autonomic Nervous System
• Controls the automatic
functions of the body.
• Divided into two
categories…the
sympathetic and the
parasympathetic
• Memory Hint: Auto like
automatic or autopilot.
Don’t have to think or do.
69.
70. Sympathetic Nervous System
• Fight or Flight
Response.
• Automatically
accelerates heart rate,
breathing, dilates
pupils, slows down
digestion.
71. Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Automatically slows
the body down after a
stressful event.
• Heart rate and
breathing slow down,
pupils constrict and
digestion speeds up.
• Memory Hint: Para is
like parachute. It slow
us down.
72.
73. Pituitary Gland
• “Master Gland”
• An important link
between the nervous
system and the endocrine
system
• Releases many hormones
which affect growth,
sexual development,
metabolism and the
system of reproduction.
74. Thyroid
Metabolism: the chemical and physical processes in an
organism by which protoplasm is produced, sustained, and
then decomposed to make energy available.
75. Gonads
• Sex Glands
• Ovaries
• Testes
• Estrogens
• Greater amounts in females
• Necessary for normal sexual development of the female
• Regulates the menstrual cycle during the childbearing
years.
• Androgens
• Greater amounts in males
• Present in females in small amounts
• Related to aggression
76. Unit 2: Biopsychology Summarizer
1. Using the Learning Goals Outline in your
biopsychology packet, attempt to answer
the questions without the use of your
notes. This will act as a pre-study test.
2. Identify your areas of weakness
3. Complete any unanswered or correct any
incorrect questions
4. Study your packet using the resources
provided. (Flashcards, graphic organizers,
diagrams, Learning Goals Outline)