The document is an introduction to literature that defines literature as the faithful expression of human experiences and emotions through beautiful language. It discusses why the study of Philippine literature is important to understand cultural heritage and traditions. The document also outlines different genres of literature such as fiction, non-fiction, drama, and poetry. Criteria for good literature include artistic quality, suggestiveness, and permanence.
Literary Theories: A Sampling of Literary LensesJivanee Abril
Literary Theories: A Sampling of Literary Lenses
This is merely an introduction to theory so I am just going to provide you with a few of the more common schools of criticism. Remember most of these theories are quite detailed so this is just a very brief overview of their main ideas and some theories have been combined to keep things simple.
This is a collection of important personalities and their works .The ppt. is prepared for the Major students in English.
Suggestions and comments solicited.
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
Literary Theories: A Sampling of Literary LensesJivanee Abril
Literary Theories: A Sampling of Literary Lenses
This is merely an introduction to theory so I am just going to provide you with a few of the more common schools of criticism. Remember most of these theories are quite detailed so this is just a very brief overview of their main ideas and some theories have been combined to keep things simple.
This is a collection of important personalities and their works .The ppt. is prepared for the Major students in English.
Suggestions and comments solicited.
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
What is literature ?
Literature is a term use to describe written or spoken material. The term is most commonly used to refer to words of the creative imagination including works of poetry, drama, fiction and non-fiction. Literature is the art of written works. It is the body of written works of a language period or culture. Literature is published in written works in a particular style or particular subject. Literature is the mirror of life. Our life and all the subject are related to our life is the subject matter or element of literature. So we can get the touch of our life trough literature.Etymologically, literature has to do with letters,the written as opposed to the spoken word, though not everything that is written down is literature.
What is the function of literature ?
As based conception, Aristoteles in “poetic’ that the function of literature is called “catharsis the primary functions of literature are to delight the reader, and heighten his awareness of life. The subsidiary functions are ‘propaganda’, ‘release’ and ‘escape’; but they are subordinated to the primary creative functions of literature.Propaganda literature’ must be distinguished from mere propaganda in which there is nothing creative. The writer of mere propaganda is simply concerned to popularize facts, ideas, and emotions with which he is familiar. But propaganda that is literature is a creative influence irradiating and transforming the writer’s experience.‘Release literature’ is that in which the dominant motive of the writer is simply the assuagement of starved needs, the release of pent-up forces in the personality. Romances, detective stories, thrillers, poems etc.
Literature also provides ‘escape’ from the grim realities of life, and many people read to escape boredom. The higher type of literature helps the reader to escape from trivial reality into significant reality.
Element of Narrative
Conceptual elements ( surface facts )
Actions – events and the sequence ( plot )
Character ‘ agent of motivation
setting – point of reference
Mode of narration ( expressive devices )
Point of view - focus of the narrator knowledge and values
Style - focus of the author’s atittudes and values
Introduction and Literature Review. This must see webinar provides tips on writing the introduction and literature review sections of your dissertation. A step by step guide on using zotero (for bibliography and citation) is included, along with tips on searching, reading, organizing, and writing your literature review.
Step-by-Step Guide How to Write Narrative Essay (2023 Update). How to Make/Create a Narrative Essay [Templates + Examples] 2023. Personal Narrative Essay Examples. 026 Essay Example Narrative How To Use The Five Senses In ~ Thatsnotus. 006 Personal Narrative Essay Example High School Examp Examples Short .... 35918535 sample-na
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Geoffrey Chaucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1340s – 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucer’s age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucer’s Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
An overview of the history of romantic periodDayamani Surya
An analysis of the salient features of the romantic period, the first generation and second generation of the romantic poets, writers and their works are described at a glance.
"For poetry the idea is everything; the rest is a world of illusion, of divine illusion. Poetry attaches its emotion to the idea; the idea is fact."
This is said by Matthew Arnold. According to him, IDEA is supreme and in poetry, it is the idea that matters, that are attached by poetry through emotions. According to him THE FUNCTION OF POETRY is to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us. He says if SCIENCE IS APPEARANCE then the POETRY IS EXPRESSION and there is no appearance without expression.
Then Arnold talks about setting our standard for poetry high. We must accustom ourselves to HIGH STANDARD and STRICT JUDGEMENT and there is no place for CHARLATANISM in poetry. Charlatanism is for confusing the difference between excellent and inferior, sound and unsound or only half sound, true and untrue or only half true. Judging with little differences has paramount importance, so there is no place for charlatanism in poetry.
how to determine your sample size using Calmorin's formula
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Bible or Sacred Writings Became the basis of Christianity
Koran The Muslim Bible
The Iliad and the Odyssey Source of myths and legends of greece, written by homer
The Mahabharata Longest epic of the world, contains history of the religions of India
Canterbury Tales Shows the religion and customs of the English in the early days, written by Chaucer
Uncle Tom’s Cabin Shows the sad fate of slaves, the basis of democracy, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
The Divine Comedy Religion and customs of the early Italians, written by Dante
The Book of the Dead Cult of Osiris and the mythology and theology of Egypt
One Thousand and One Nights or the Arabian Nights From Arabia and Persia, shows the ways of government, or industries and of the society of the Arabs and the Persians
The word prose comes from the Latin prosa, meaning straightforward. This describes the type of writing that prose embodies, unadorned with obvious stylistic devices. Prose writing is usually adopted for the description of facts or the discussion of ideas. This means that can be used for newspapers , magazines , novels , encyclopedias , screenplays , philosophy , letters , essays , history , biography and many other writings. Prose generally lacks the formal structure of meter or rhyme that is often found in poetry . Although some works of prose may happen to contain traces of metrical structure or versification , a conscious blend of the two forms of literature is known as a prose poem . Similarly, poetry with less of the common rules and limitations of verse is known as free verse . Poetry is considered to be artificially developed, "The best words in the best order," whereas prose is thought to be less constructed and more reflective of ordinary speech. Pierre de Ronsard , the French poet said that his training as a poet had proved to him that prose and poetry were mortal enemies. The status of prose has changed throughout its history. Much of a society's early literature is written in the form of poetry. Prose was often restricted to mundane and everyday uses such as legal documents and yearly records. When a country's literature produced other forms such as philosophy or history these works expanded the realm of prose, but fiction does not often appear in prose until much later. Poetry is still often regarded as a higher form of literature to prose but the relatively late development of the novel offers competing and often superior examples of prose. Prose was at one time synonymous with dull, unimaginative or laboured writing and the word "prosaic" has developed from prose to mean anything boring. Now the word prose tends to be reserved for particularly well written pieces of literature and even limited to small sections of a larger work even though prose still also means any writing that is not poetry. Prose that aspires to the highest quality but in fact is too elaborate and overblown is called purple prose. Prose varies considerably depending on the purpose of the writing. As prose is often considered to be representative of the patterns of normal speech, many rhetorical devices are used in prose to emphasize points and enliven the writing. Prose which aims to be informative and accurate such as history or journalism usually strives to use the simplest language possible to express its points although this language often needs to get very advanced to describe a difficult issue. Facts are often repeated and reiterated in various ways so that they are understood by a reader but the excessive use of this technique can often make a serious piece of writing seem like a polemic . In fiction prose can flourish and take on many forms. A skilled author can alter how he uses prose throughout a book to suggest different moods and ideas. A thriller often consists of short sentences with "punch" made up of equally short words which suggests very rapid actions and heightens the effect of a very fast moving plot. Conversely, longer sentences are used to slow down the action of a novel and give a panoramic overview of scene. Prose can vary to tell a reader how they should feel about events in a story; fear, humour, uncertainty, or to tell the reader about a character's age, intelligence, opinions or personality although dialogue is often excluded from being thought of as prose. There are many techniques within fiction and the mark of a great author is perhaps their ability to manipulate prose and even invent their own unique prose style to effectively communicate what they wish to say. When a poem is translated from one language into another, particularly if it is an epic poem , the poem is often converted into prose. This is for two main reasons: not only does it allow the reader to understand the plot more easily but also the translator is considered to be exercising less unwelcome creative input if writing in prose. A translation should be an unchanged representation of the sense of the original but to impose the rhyme and meter structures of a different language is likely to significantly alter the poem. http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Prose