This document provides an overview of surveying, photogrammetry, GPS, and geomatics. It discusses the basics of each topic, including definitions, techniques, equipment used, and applications. Surveying is defined as determining the positions of points on Earth through methods like triangulation, traversing, and using total stations. Photogrammetry involves obtaining information about objects through photographs. GPS consists of space, control, and user segments to determine position using signals from satellites. Geomatics deals with acquiring, modeling, and managing geospatial data.

1. Part _ 2B

2. PART – 02B
Photogrammetry + Surveying +GPS + Geomatics
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3. Introduction to Basics
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4. Introduction To Surveying
Surveying is inter-changeably called “GEOMATICS”.
 BUT, ‘Geomatics’ is a Major Field! 
 So surveying, by definition stands out:
 The science, art, ad technology of determining the relative positions of points, Above, On, Below
the Surface of the Earth.
 The discipline which compromises all methods for measuring and collecting all of the
information about the physical earth.
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5. Types of Surveying
TypesofSurveying
By purpose
Engineering
To choose
locations
Topography
Recording all
features on land
By Scale
By Measurements
taken
Triangulations By Angles
Traversing
By Bearing and
Distances
By Equipment
used
Tape Compass
Total Station Spatial Station
EDM Theodolite
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7. Mapping Scales
• High Details
• Small area
• 1:24,00 or larger
Large Scale
• Average
• 1:24,00 – 120,000
Medium Scale
• Less Details
• Large area
• 1:120,000 or smaller
Small Scale
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8. Methods for Surveying
MethodsforSurveying Aerial Way-out Satellite imaging
Accurate
Economical
Large area coverage
Ground Verification
For establishment of
Control and check
Small area coverage
Large scale mapping
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9. Introduction to Basic
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10. Introduction
 The science and art of obtaining reliable
information by the means of
photographs.
 Information about 2D and 3D objects
without in contact.
Monday, August 11, 2014PIAIP_NESPAK 10AreaofSpecialization
Metric
Applied over spatial
data
Distance, elevation,
area, volume etc.
Interpretative
Related to RS
Classifying objects on
basis of shape, size,
patterns, shadows, etc.

11. Evolution of Photogrammetry
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Serial No. Level of Generation Year Range Difference
01. 1st Generation 1850-1900 Invention of photography
02. Analog 1900-2000 Invention of Planes
03. Analytical 1950-2000 Invention of Cameras
04. Digital 1970-till now Invention of CCD, LIDAR, X-Ray

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End Lap And Side Lap

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Workflow
Capture Images
Determine camera orientations
Generate DTMs & 3D Images (if required)
Analyse data: calculate volumes, digitize vector data, etc.

14. GPS Intro
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THREE PARTS OF GPS
 Space segment
 Control segment
 User/Ground segment

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Control Segment
Space Segment
User Segment
THREE
SEGMENTS
OF
THE
GPS
Monitor Stations
Ground
Antennas
Master Station

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Kwajalein Atoll
US Space Command
Control
Segment
Hawaii
Ascension
Is.
Diego Garcia
Cape Canaveral
Ground AntennaMaster Control Station Monitor Station

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WORKING OF
GPS

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11,000 miles
11,000 miles
11,000 miles
11,000 miles
SOURCES OF
ERRORS
IN
GPS READINGS
AND
MEASUREMENTS

20. GPS Fun and Facts
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Categories Facts Categories Facts
Developed By US Dpt. of Defense (DoD) Developing Year 1993
Operational Active Total No. Of Satellites 31
Constellation Satellites 24-27 Signal Speed Speed of light (3x10⁵ km)
Time Period 12 hours Inclination 55 degrees
Precision 30m-0.5m Manufacturers
Trimble Navigation Ltd.,
Motorola Solutions, etc.
Altitude 20,200 km Estimated Cost 24 Billion US Dollars
Follow Sidereal Day 24h 56m 4s Types DGPS , A-GPS
Bands L1 and L2 now L5 Frequencies (MHz) 1575.42 , 1227.60 , 1176.45
Services SPS , PPS Codes C/A , P

21. Introduction to Basics
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22. Definition
 It is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering Geographic
information, or Spatially referenced information.
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23.  While in Geomatics, we go for all those type of the disciplines that deals with the
measurements of the geo-data, like geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry, GPS etc.
 A more specialized field.
 It deals with the acquisition of the data along with modeling, and all other GIS stuff.
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25. REFERENCES
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1. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) to Manage Civil Engineering Projects By Asmaa Abdul
Jabbar
2. Longley et al (2005) Geographic Information Systems and Science. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons
Ltd. (Chapter 14, pages 317-319)
3. www.esri.com/engineering
4. http://webhelp.esri.com/arcpad/8.0/userguide/index.htm#capture_devices/concept_intro.htm
Special Acknowledgement
Industrial partners: ESRI, Danish Hydraulic Institute, Camp, Dresser and McKee, Dodson and Associates
Government partners:
Federal: EPA, USGS, Corps of Engineers (Hydrologic Engineering Center)
State: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Texas Water Development Board
Local: Lower Colorado River Authority, City of Austin, Dept. of Watershed Protection
Academic Partners: University of Texas, Brigham Young University, Utah State University

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