My presentation consist overview of 3 technology named as GPS, GIS Software, IP.

1. JIET SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
FOR GIRLS (JIET SETG)
EEE Department
Training Seminar
At
STATE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION CENTRE

2. Inside This Presentation
Introduction
SRSAC
Basics Of Remote Sensing
GIS
GPS
Image Processing
Overview of Technology
Advantages of RS
Applications of RS
Challenges

3. My presentation consists overview of four technology
which combines to give a huge benefit to various
departments. Firstly, the basics of remote sensing is
discussed followed by the theory of GIS modal and
the contribution of GPS technology. The very much
advantageous process of Image Processing has also
proved to a great boon so as to make the remote
sensing data more informative. Through my
presentation you will be able to find some earth
shattering application of remote sensing technology.
Introduction

4. State Remote Sensing Application
Centre(SRSAC)
• It was established in 1979 as a part of Desert
Development Programmed to assist soil and water
Conservation Planning in the State.
• SRSAC earlier known as “Aerial Photo
Interpretation Laboratory (APIL)” .
• Later in 1985 looking to multi-disciplinary utility of
the Remote sensing Technology, the laboratory was
transferred with staff to State Department of science
and Technology and renamed as “State Remote
Sensing Application Centre (SRSAC).

5. Type of Work done
• It generates number of database related to natural
resources for developmental planning activities in the
state using remote sensing techniques.
• To undertake short term and long term experimental and
operational remote sensing studies to identify, and
manage various natural resources.
• To interact with various user agencies for the formulation
and implementation of Remote Sensing Projects for
development planning.
• It generate state data which provide a great benefit to
other departments.

6. Remote sensing

7. History of RS
• 1858 Balloonist G. Tournachon made photographs of
Paris from his balloon.
• Systematic aerial photography developed for military
purposes beginning in World War I and reaching a
climax during the Cold War .
• Artificial satellites in the latter half of the 20th
century.

8. Remote Sensing System
• The gathering of information from an object or
surface without direct contact.

9. Platforms of RS
Air-Borne
Space Borne
Ground Borne

10. Platforms of RS
Air Borne
• It involves the concept of “aerial
photography”.
• It is process of taking the photographs of the
ground from an elevated position.
• Earlier a camera of several pixels was mounted
on to the aircraft and pictures were triggered
remotely or automatically.

11. Platforms of RS
Space Borne:
• In space borne remote sensing, sensors are mounted
on-board a spacecraft (space shuttle or satellite)
orbiting the earth.
• Space borne remote sensing provides the
following advantages:
Large area coverage.
Frequent and repetitive coverage of an area of
interest.

12. Why We Use Satellite to Study Earth?
• Consistent.
• Routine data is available.
• Provide information in areas where there are no
ground base measurements.
• Satellite data are used for many applications,
including monitoring global weather, studying
climate change and observing the environment.

13. Satellites Provide a Global View

14. NRSC
• National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), located
at Hyderabad is one of the centres of Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO), striving to realise the Indian Space
Vision, as a key player in Earth Observation Programme
and Disaster Management Support programme.
• NRSC is responsible for acquisition, processing, supply of
aerial and satellite remote sensing data and continuously
exploring the practical uses of remote sensing technology
for multilevel (global to local) applications.

15. Remote Sensing Organisation
• ISPRS- International Society for Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing.
• IGARSS- International Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Symposium
• NASA- National Aeronautic And Space
Administration(USA)
• ESA-European Space Agency(europe)
• NASDA-National Space Development Agency(japan)
• CSA-Canadian Space Agency
• NRSA-National Remote Sensing Agency Of India

16. GPS-Global
Positioning Unit

17. GPS
• GPS, which stands for Global Positioning
System, is the only system today able to show
you your exact position on the Earth anytime,
in any weather, anywhere.
• It provides an accurate positioning for 24*7
anywhere in the world.
• No subscription fees or setup charges to use
GPS.

18. StructureOfGPS
Space Segment Control Segment
User Segment

20. How GPS determines a Location
Things which need to be determined:
Current Locations of GPS Satellites
The Distance Between Receiver’s Position and the
GPS Satellites

21. Current Locations of GPS Satellites
• GPS satellites are orbiting the earth at an altitude of 11,000
miles.
• The orbits, and the locations of the satellites, are known in
advance.
• GPS receivers store this orbit information for all of the GPS
satellites in an ALMANAC(is a file which contains
positional information for all of the GPS satellites)
• All 24 satellites are divided into 6 parts.
• There are 4 satellites in each part.
• A definite orbit is defined for each part

22. Distance Between Receiver’s Position &
the GPS Satellites
• By measuring the amount of time taken by
radio signal (the GPS signal) to travel from the
satellite to the receiver.
• Radio waves travel at the speed of light.
• The distance from the satellite to the receiver
can be determined by the formula “distance =
speed x time”.

24. GPS Error
• Different errors can cause a deviation of +/- 50 -100 meters
from the actual GPS receiver position which are
1) ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
• Speed of GPS signal is affected by ionosphere &
troposphere.
• Which cause a deviation of 0 to 30 m. from the actual
position of receiver.
2) EPHEMERIS ERRORS
• The predicted changes in the orbit of a satellite.
• Which cause a deviation of 0 to 5 m. from the actual position
of receiver

25. GPS Error
3) CLOCK DRIFT
• Due to different code generations in satellite and receiver
simultaneously.
• Which cause a deviation of 0 to 1.5 m. from the actual position
of receiver
4) MULTIPATH
• Bouncing of GPS signal due to a reflecting surface before reaching
to receiver antenna.
• Which cause a deviation of 0 to
1 m. from the actual position of
receiver

26. Applications of GPS
1)MILITARY
• Navigation
• Target tracking
• Search and Rescue
2) CIVILIAN Purposes
• GPS for surveying
• Mapping
• Finding lost vehicles

27. GIS- Geographical
Information System

28. GIS
GIS is a computer system capable of
assembling, storing, manipulating, and
displaying geographically referenced
information, i.e. data identified according to
their locations.

29. Components
• Hardware
– Computer System, Scanner, Printer, Plotter, Flat Board
• Software
– GIS software in use are MapInfo, ARC/Info,
AutoCAD Map, etc. The software available can be
said to be application specific.
• Data
– Geographic data and related tabular data can be
collected in-house or purchased from a commercial
data provider.
• People
– GIS users range from technical specialists who design
and maintain.

30. A&D of GIS
Advantages
• GIS allows us to view, understand, and visualize data.
• Quickly understood and easily shared.
• GIS give the accurate Data.
• Better Predictions and Analysis.
Disadvantages
• Excessive damage in case of internal fault.
• Expensive software.
• Integration with traditional map is difficult.

31. Image Processing

32. Image Processing
• The analysis and manipulation of a digitized
image, especially in order to improve its
quality.
• Image processing is a method to convert an
image into digital form and perform some
operations on it, in order to get an enhanced
image or to extract some information.

33. Operation involved
Noise removal
Geometric corrections
Enhancement of images
Information extraction
Data compaction
Image display
Image data manipulation and management.

34. IP Overview
Functional categories:
 Image acquisition: involves image pre-processing
 Image enhancement: Process of image manipulation to make it more
suitable for specific use.
 Image restoration: The operation aim to correct degraded image data to
create a more faithful representation of the original source.
 Compression: technique for reducing the storage required to save
image, or bandwidth required to transmit it.
JPEG(joint photographic Experts group)
TIF(tagged File)
PNG( Portable Network Graphic )
BMP( Bitmap Image file)
GIF(Graphics Interchange Format)

35. Application Of IP
Document Imaging SignatureVerification
InterpretationofAerial Photography Face Detection

36. Overview Of Technology

37. Overview Of Technology
Linear Modal
GPS
(Coordinates)
RS
(photos/Images)
GIS
(database)

38. Overview Of Technology
• In this model the unique strength of each
component is utilized to the maximum.
• That is, GPS is used to obtain geometric control
for aerial photographs and satellite imagery.
Rectified photographs and images are then
integrated into a GIS database.
• A GIS, being the final destination of the
integration, plays a dominant role.

39. Advantages of RS
• Provides a regional view (large areas).
• Provides repetitive looks at same area.
• Provides geo-refrenced, digital, data.
• Some remote sensors operate in all seasons, at
night and in bad weather.

40. Application of RS
• Urbanisation &
Transportation
 Updating Road maps
 Urban Planning
• Agriculture
 Crop Health Analysis
 Forest application
 Precision Agriculture
• Natural Resource
Management
 Habitat Analysis
 Environment assessment
 lake monitoring
• National security
 Targeting
 Damage assessment
 Weapons monitoring

41. Some Weird Applications
• Doing the detective work for fraudulent crop insurance
claims.
• Hiding your homes or swimming pool for not paying tax
will be difficult now.
• Searching for aircrafts and saving lives after fatal crashes.
• Detecting oil spills for marine life and environmental
preservation.
• Studying glacier melts and effects on sea levels.
• Determining soil moisture content using active and
passive sensors from space.

42. Challenges
• Satellites are very expensive to build and
launch.
• No direct measurement-radiance(light)
measurement must be converted to
geophysical parameters, such as temperature or
pollutant concentration.

43. Case study

44. •A case study on Sirohi district including all its 5
tehsils was carried.
•Under this study of data and extracting out meaning
full information was major task.
•Different data maps and Topo Sheets were taken
into consideration for study.

45. Maps included:
•Administrative Map
•Transport Map
•Soil Map
•Land Use/Land cover Map
•Lithology
•Ground Water Mapping

46. Any Queries ....

47. Thank You..!!