This document discusses various key differences between concepts in geography information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). It defines important terms like latitude and longitude, isolines, digital elevation models, and coordinate systems. It also explains the differences between GIS data types like DEMs, DSMs, and DTMs as well as map projections like chorochromatic maps. Overall, the document provides a visual guide to understanding important conceptual differences between GIS and RS.
Presentació realitzada a l'ICC (27/09/2013) en el marc de la conferència magistral, a càrrec del Prof. Georg Gartner, president de l'Associació Cartogràfica Internacional (ICA/ACI)
Exploring Abandoned GIS Research to Augment Applied Geography EducationMichael DeMers
Applied geography has enjoyed a resurgence since the increased availabilty of geospatial software and the advancement of an ever-increasing sophistication of these analytical tools designed to solve complex geospatial problems. These advancements have quickly been translated into coursework at colleges and universities – often adopted wholesale into complete applied geography programs throughout academia. One unintended consequence of this adoption is that much of the conceptual content responsible for the development of these tools is not covered in the applied geography coursework. In many cases the conceptual frameworks were chosen more out of expediency rather than geographical foundations, thus leaving the applied geography student with the misconception that the fundamental geographic underpinnings upon which the software is based, are thoroughly understood and extensively tested. A direct result of this is that students in applied geography programs often employ the tools with little or no understanding of their limitations for modeling real geographic processes. I propose that one aspect of an applied geography curriculum must include the study of the underlying principles upon which the software is based, and perhaps more importantly, the study of concepts that were abandoned in the early days of tool development. While this is obvious for programs that emphasize the more theoretical aspects of geography, I argue that it is equally important for those who use the tools so they are aware of the fundamental limitations of the results derived from analysis.
Presentació realitzada a l'ICC (27/09/2013) en el marc de la conferència magistral, a càrrec del Prof. Georg Gartner, president de l'Associació Cartogràfica Internacional (ICA/ACI)
Exploring Abandoned GIS Research to Augment Applied Geography EducationMichael DeMers
Applied geography has enjoyed a resurgence since the increased availabilty of geospatial software and the advancement of an ever-increasing sophistication of these analytical tools designed to solve complex geospatial problems. These advancements have quickly been translated into coursework at colleges and universities – often adopted wholesale into complete applied geography programs throughout academia. One unintended consequence of this adoption is that much of the conceptual content responsible for the development of these tools is not covered in the applied geography coursework. In many cases the conceptual frameworks were chosen more out of expediency rather than geographical foundations, thus leaving the applied geography student with the misconception that the fundamental geographic underpinnings upon which the software is based, are thoroughly understood and extensively tested. A direct result of this is that students in applied geography programs often employ the tools with little or no understanding of their limitations for modeling real geographic processes. I propose that one aspect of an applied geography curriculum must include the study of the underlying principles upon which the software is based, and perhaps more importantly, the study of concepts that were abandoned in the early days of tool development. While this is obvious for programs that emphasize the more theoretical aspects of geography, I argue that it is equally important for those who use the tools so they are aware of the fundamental limitations of the results derived from analysis.
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making.
Maps are used as research tools and as sources of information.
Maps have existed since the time of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations, with the latter maps dating back to 6000 years.
This article is talking about the importance of maps. It tells us the history and usage of map. After reading the map, you will learn how important the maps is in our daily life. It brings us much convenience.
Paper presented in the research methodology workshop. The error if any is regretted and suggestions most welcome. Good for students and researchers alike, enjoy.
Grade - 6 - Social Science, Geography Chapter 4. Map ReadingNavya Rai
Grade - 6 - Social Science, Geography Chapter 4. Map Reading
A globe is a spherical model of Earth, of some other celestial body, or of the celestial sphere.
Globes serve purposes similar to some maps, but unlike maps, do not distort the surface that they portray except to scale it down.
A model globe of Earth is called a terrestrial globe.
Data Visualization GIS and Maps, The Visualization Process Visualization Strategies: Present or explore? The cartographic toolbox: What kind of data do I have?, How can I map my data? How to map?: How to map qualitative data, How to map quantitative data, How to map the terrain elevation, How to map time series Map Cosmetics, Map Dissemination
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making.
Maps are used as research tools and as sources of information.
Maps have existed since the time of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations, with the latter maps dating back to 6000 years.
This article is talking about the importance of maps. It tells us the history and usage of map. After reading the map, you will learn how important the maps is in our daily life. It brings us much convenience.
Paper presented in the research methodology workshop. The error if any is regretted and suggestions most welcome. Good for students and researchers alike, enjoy.
Grade - 6 - Social Science, Geography Chapter 4. Map ReadingNavya Rai
Grade - 6 - Social Science, Geography Chapter 4. Map Reading
A globe is a spherical model of Earth, of some other celestial body, or of the celestial sphere.
Globes serve purposes similar to some maps, but unlike maps, do not distort the surface that they portray except to scale it down.
A model globe of Earth is called a terrestrial globe.
Data Visualization GIS and Maps, The Visualization Process Visualization Strategies: Present or explore? The cartographic toolbox: What kind of data do I have?, How can I map my data? How to map?: How to map qualitative data, How to map quantitative data, How to map the terrain elevation, How to map time series Map Cosmetics, Map Dissemination
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Topics:
1. Mapping Concepts
2. Analysis with paper based Maps
3. Limitations of Paper based Maps
4. Computer Aided Cartography History and Development
5. GIS Definition
6. Advantage of Digital Maps
Introduction to Geographic Information system and Remote Sensing (RS)chala hailu
A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data
Remote Sensing is Art, science and technology of observing an object, scene or phenomenon by instrument-based techniques without physical contact
Introduction to various GIS software, google earth. Intro types, types of maps, map projections and hands on to Q GIS software. Introduction to latitude longitude system, shape file generation, geo referencing and digitization.
Data Visualization Techniques in Meteorological and Climatological World usin...Bosnia Agile
1. How to visualize .nc data in R using RNCEP library
Exempli Gratia: Mean Precipitation and Temperature Regime Map for European Countries in 2019 (w/o rasterizing)
Technical part: this part will briefly explain the importance of proper data visualization of meteorological/climatological data, especially in NWP (numerical weather prediction). The brief, comprehensive hierarchy of .nc data will be enlisted within the presentation and clarified for the audience. As an alternative, GRIB2 type will be also mentioned.
Practical part: once the technical part is clear, the programmable code will be briefly shown to audience on how to visualize the precipitation and temperature map. This will be achieved using variety of libraries and corresponding methods under CRAN repository, such as sf, lubridate, tidyverse and the most pivotal - RNCEP.
2. Our own developed NWP (numerical weather prediction) model: NOTHAS
NWP Logic: the algorithmic approach behind NOTHAS will be briefly explained as part of visualizing and parametrizing the .nc and GRIB2 data within the integrated WRF domain inside the Southeastern Europe Domain using ICON-EU, GFS, ECMWF and/or ICON-EU model data as initial parameters. The algorithm itself will be shown and onwards briefly explained for parameterized data to the audience. Final result will include the results of visualized parameters for specific scenarios.
3. Why Stripes?
Logic: a simple, yet effective way of showing the importance of global/local temperature rise caused by effects of climate change. Three colors and bunch of stripes inside one simple piece of R code will be demonstrated on the example of our country.
4. OpenGrADS
Technical part: as a software tool that has been widely used in the meteorological circles, we will briefly explain the logic behind OpenGrADS.
Exempla Gratia: show both results: the existing visual, and code our visual for 500 hPa altitude pressure anomaly using CFS data.
Similar to 2017 Pictorial Differences GIS & RS (20)
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
2. Pictorial Differences: GIS and RS Monday, 20 May, 2019
P a g e 1 | 10
GIS AND RS CONCEPTS IN
PICTORIAL DIFFERENCES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Latitude and Longitude................................................................................................................................. 2
Hypsography............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Isarithm Maps ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Is-Series ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
HalfTone ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
D-Series ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Geo-Stationary and Geo-Synchronous orbits ............................................................................................... 5
Types of Orbits ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Azimuth and Altitude.................................................................................................................................... 7
Height and Elevation..................................................................................................................................... 8
2D + 2.5D + 3D ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Chorochromatic Maps................................................................................................................................... 9
References................................................................................................................................................... 10
4. Pictorial Differences: GIS and RS Monday, 20 May, 2019
P a g e 3 | 10
2. ISARITHM MAPS
3. IS-SERIES
Isoline:
• Isometric
Lines
• Isopleth
Lines
A line connecting points of equal value on a map
is called isoline.
It is drawn according to known values, either
sampled or derived, that can occur at points.
Examples: of sampled quantities that can occur
at points are elevation above sea level, an actual
temperature, or an actual depth of precipitation.
Examples: of derived values that can occur at
points are the average of temperature over time
for one point or the ratio of smoggy days to clear
days for one point.
Isopleth Lines
(filled contours)
An isoline drawn according to known values that
can only be recorded for areas, not points.
Examples: include population per square mile or
the ratio of residential land to total land for an
area.
5. Pictorial Differences: GIS and RS Monday, 20 May, 2019
P a g e 4 | 10
Isotherm Map
A line on a map connecting points of equal
temperature.
Isobar Map
A line on a weather map connecting places of
equal barometric pressure.
4. HALFTONE
5. D-SERIES
DEM (Digital Elevation
Model)
Or, Bare Earth Elevation
The representation of
continuous elevation values
over a topographic surface
by a regular array of z-
values, referenced to a
common vertical datum.
DEMs are typically used to
represent the bare-earth
terrain, void of vegetation
and manmade features.
6. Pictorial Differences: GIS and RS Monday, 20 May, 2019
P a g e 5 | 10
DSM (Digital Surface
Model)
Or, First Return Surface
The representation of
continuous elevation values
over a topographic surface,
including vegetation and
man-made features, by a
regular array of z-values,
referenced to a common
datum. DSMs are typically
used to represent terrain
relief that includes the
elevations of the top surfaces
of buildings, trees, towers,
and other features elevated
above the bare earth.
DTM (Digital Terrain
Model)
By Stereo photogrammetry
A vector data set composed
of regularly spaced points
and natural features such as
ridges and break lines.
Non-continuous.
Not a surface.
6. GEO-STATIONARY AND GEO-SYNCHRONOUS ORBITS
8. Pictorial Differences: GIS and RS Monday, 20 May, 2019
P a g e 7 | 10
8. AZIMUTH AND ALTITUDE
The altitude is the distance an object appears to be above the horizon. The angle is measured up from the
closest point on the horizon.
The azimuth of an object is the angular distance along the horizon to the location of the object. By
convention, azimuth is measured from north towards the east along the horizon
10. Pictorial Differences: GIS and RS Monday, 20 May, 2019
P a g e 9 | 10
10.2D + 2.5D + 3D
11.CHOROCHROMATIC MAPS
Chorochromatic maps (from Greek for 'area' and 'color; also, known as
area-class or qualitative area maps) map nominal data using various
colors, shades of black and white, or even patterns. Colors are mapped
according to data boundaries instead of trying to make locations fit
within existing political boundaries. Only nominal data should be
graphed, and there can be no indication of data hierarchy or order. [1]
Soil maps and biome maps are common examples of chorochromatic
maps.
11. Pictorial Differences: GIS and RS Monday, 20 May, 2019
P a g e 10 | 10
REFERENCES
1. http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/hydrography-infographic.jpg
2. http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-54583/Facts-About-Lines-of-Latitude-Are-known-as-
parallels
3. http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-54584/Facts-about-Lines-of-Longitude-Are-known-as-
meridians
4. https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/fig1_global_histogram.png
5. http://support.esri.com/other-resources/gis-dictionary
6. http://gisgeography.com/dem-dsm-dtm-differences/
7. http://www.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro201/alt_az.htm