2. DEFINITION
• Art of determining the relative position of
points on, above or beneath the surface of the
earth by means of direct or indirect
measurement of distance, direction and
elevation
3. OBJECTIVE
• The main objective of Surveying is able to
– Understand the concepts of basic surveying
– Apply Surveying techniques and equipment's in
real life problems
– Conceptualise how to use a set of tools for
problem solving in a optimal way (in terms of cost,
time, resources and accuracy)
– Understand the pitfalls so as to avoid these
4. ORIGIN OF SURVEYING
• The origin of Surveying is from Geoinfomatics
• Geoinfomatics = Geo + Information + Matics
• Geo – Anything which is on the surface slightly
below or above the earth
• Information – Information about the features
which are above the earth surface
Eg: Road,Forest,Houses,Rivers,Glaceirs
• Matics – Measurement of the features that are
slightly above or below the earth surface
6. FUNDAMENTAL DIVISION OF
GEOINFOMATICS
• Management of Geoinfomation
– Management
• It can be stored, retrieval, presentation of information
– Manipulation
• Analysis of Geoinformation i.e similar to find the
shortest route for reaching the destination
7. MEASUREMENT TOOLS
• We should know the what are the
measurement tools that are used in old days
as well as in current days for measuring the
Geoinformation
• PRIMITIVE TECHNIQUES
– Pacing (Walking along using foots)
– Rope
– Rods
– Hands
16. MEASUREMENT TOOLS
• AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
– Pigeons were fitted with camera during world war
1 & 2 to spy the movement of the enemies
– Using Balloons
18. MEASUREMENT TOOLS
• SATELLITE REMOTE
SENSING
– Satellite will rotate
around the earth and they
will keep taking the
images of the earth
continuously
– They are taken from
altitude of 600 to 900 km
– To get a synoptic view of
terrain regularly in several
wave bands
