The document provides an introduction to the basic concepts of the Internet. It explains that the Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that exchange data via standardized protocols. It consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. Users can access the Internet through Internet service providers and must pay fees for this connectivity. Common applications of the Internet include e-government, e-commerce, and e-learning.

1. Introduction to the Internet
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3. What is the Internet?
• The Internet is a global system of interconnected
computer networks.
• That interchange data by packet switching using the
standardized Internet Protocol Suite.
• It is actually a physical network.
• Also known as network of networks.

4. Global Infrastructure
• The Internet is a giant network spread through out the
world by connecting millions of computers.
• Therefore the standards of the Internet Infrastructure
based upon world wide standards.
• This enables the world-wide connectivity and generality
to use the Internet.

5. Communication Systems
• Purpose build systems to enables the communication.
– Telephone
– Postal Mail
– Fax
• Unlike them Internet has unlimited number of services
which are running at the same time.
• Applications which run (execute) at computers
connected to the Internet can provide these services.

6. Who owns it
• Two questions within the Internet users,
– Who pays for the Internet?
– Do we have to pay for the Internet Access?
• There are no owners for the Internet. But you have to
pay for it……..Why?
• Because the networks should be developed and
maintained by the providers. We are accessing Internet
through there networks.
• Therefore we have to pay for the Internet access.

7. ISP (Internet Service Provider)
• The company that enables the Internet connectivity.
Normally telecommunication companies provides the
connectivity.
• According to the connectivity they provide payments may
varying.
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8. The Internet Payment Methods
• Generally there are two types of payment methods.
– Fixed amount
– Access/Used time
• Usually ‘Fixed amount’ for Leased lines and the
‘Access/Used time’ for the Dial-up connections.

9. Impact of the Internet
• The Internet is creating a big impact on the society by
revolutionize in the way people live and work in the
everyday life.
• Impact of the Internet Builds following sections of
Services.
– eGovernment
– eBusiness/eCommerce
– eLearning
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10. eGovernment
• Introducing government services through Internet can
enables the eGovernment concept.
• This enables,
– To use new technologies
– To access government services
– To improve the quality of service
– Provide new opportunities
• This concept move within the new technologies to
provide better services to the society.

11. eCommerce/eBusiness
• Introducing commercial services thought the Internet can
enables this concept.
• Online purchasing/selling are E.g. for this concept.
• Usually by using a Website can enable these services.
No need to have a physical location/shop.
– www.ebay.com
– www.amazon.com
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12. eLearning
• This concept Going beyond the government services
and business transactions.
• Internet is interact with the education, enables more
impact of the society.
• Without physically attends to the classes students can
complete their study programs by using Internet tools.
– Online class rooms
– Online exams
– Online lectures

13. History of Internet
• The Internet Originated from the older concept of
ARPAnet in 1970s. (Advance Research Project Agency
Network)
• ARPAnet used for military purposes by USA department
of defense during the 2’nd world war. It’s a protected
network used for effectively against enemy parties during
those days.
• After the war that system re-established used by
scientists and engineers to share their experiment
details, and after sometime it used within Universities,
and after while it popular among whole community.

14. Internet Protocols (IP)
• Are the rules and regulations that enables the
connectivity among the networks.
• Also Internet using the basics of IP.
• Basic types of IPs,
– FTP
– TCP/IP
– UDP

15. FTP
• File Transfer Protocol. Enables files to be transmitted
within a network.
• The whole file will be directly transmitted from host to
destination.
• No error detection system.
• Time consuming.

16. TCP/IP
• Transmission Control Protocol, enables highly reliable
data transmission among computers of the
Internet/Network.
• Guaranteed to the data that are transmitting.
• But time consuming.
• The file to be transmitted will be separated in to chunk
size ‘packets’ at the sender/host machine.
• After that data packets will be transmitted through
different roots to the destination.
• At the destination those packets will be re-assembled.
• If packet/packets lost during the transmission
packet/packets will be re-transmitted.

17. UDP
• User Datagram Protocol, enables high speed data
transmission among computers of the network/Internet.
• But no guarantee for the data that transmitted.

18. WWW
• World Wide Web is the most powerful application on the
Internet.
• It defines the Software part of the Internet. All the
Websites and other software resources are falls in to this
W3 category.
• To create the WWW structures of the Internet,
Internet/Web developers has to use Web
designing/developing tools and Languages.
– HTML -Cold Fusion
– XML -CGI
– PHP -Java Scripts
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