The document discusses the history and development of the internet. It began in the 1960s as ARPANET, a small network connecting computers funded by the US Department of Defense. In the 1970s, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn created TCP/IP, the fundamental communication protocols that allowed different networks to interconnect and form the internet. Their work laid the foundation for how data is transmitted over the global network of interconnected networks that we now know as the internet.

1. How did the internet develop?

2. What is Internet?
 The internet a is global interconnection of computer
networks linking government agencies, organisations,
educational institutions and individual all over the
world to share information .
 It is a very large wide area network (WAN)
connecting computers and networks around the
world.
 It makes it possible for millions of users to connect to
one another via telephone lines, cable lines and
satellites.

3.  The popular term for the Internet is the “information
highway”.
 Rather than moving through geographical space, it moves
your ideas and information through cyberspace – the space
of electronic movement of ideas and information.
 The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of human
interactions through instant messaging , Internet forums,
and social networking.
 The Internet carries an extensive range of information
resources and services, such as the inter
linked hypertext documents of the World Wide
Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support email.

4. A global network connecting millions of computers.
More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges
of data, news and opinions. Unlike online services,
which are centrally controlled, the Internet is
decentralized by design.
The Internet is a communication system that has
brought a wealth of information to our fingertips and
organized it for our use.
The Internet is a structured, organized system.

5.  A network is the interconnection of two or more
computers where every computer on the network
communicates with every other computer the same
network.
 A network can be as simple as a simple peer to peer or
point to point (P2P) connection. Others are
 Local area networks
 Wide area networks
 Metropolitan area networks
 Internet

6. Internet

7. Internet
Network
Internet
Internet
Network
Connecting medium
Connecting medium
Connecting med

8. HOW DID IT HAPPEN?

9.  The most notable internet is called the Internet, a collaboration
of more than hundreds of thousands of interconnected networks.
 In the mid-1960s, mainframe computers in research organizations
were stand alone devices. Computers from different
manufacturers were unable to communicate w/ one another. The
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was interested in
finding a way to connect computers so that the researchers they
funded could share their findings.
 In 1967, at an Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
meeting, ARPA presented its ideas for ARPANET, a small network
of connected computers.
 In 1972, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn were part of the core ARPANET
group, collaborated on what they called the Internetting Project.
Cerf and Kahn’s landmark 1973 paper outlined the protocols to
achieved end-to-end delivery packets.

10.  This paper on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) included
concepts such as encapsulation, the datagram, and the functions
of a gateway.
 Authorities made a decision to split TCP into two protocols:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internetworking
Protocol (IP), IP would handle datagram routing while TCP
would be responsible for higher-level functions such as
segmentations, reassembly, and error detection. The
internetworking protocol became known as TCP/ IP.
 The father of internet is widely bestowed on
Vinton Gray “Vint Cerf” an American computer scientist.
 Tim Berners-Lee is also regarded as the father of the WWW

11. TERMINOLOGIES IN INTERNET USAGE
 Address
 Browser
 Chat
 Dial-up
 Domain
 Download
 DSL
 Home Page
 HTML
 Hypertext
 ISP
 Key Word
 Link (hyperlink)
 Modem
 Search Engine
 Server
 Toolbars
 URL
 Web
 Web Site

12. Resources needed for internet
Connection
 Hardware required
 Computer
 Modem
 path (phone line, cable, wireless)
 adequate speed/memory
 Routers
 Mobile phones
 Other resources
 ISP (Internet Service Provider)
 web browser

13.  The modem is an essential resource in internet access,
it enables the conversion of signals in transit. The
computer only understands the language of digits
known as the digital signals which are discrete whiles
the human world only deals with analog signals which
are continuous. The modem therefore converts signals
from digital to analog, a process known as modulation
and from analog to digital, a process known as
demodulation. The name MODEM is therefore
derived from the first two letters of MOdulation and
the first three letters of DEModulation.
Its operation is indicated below.

14. This is illustrated below
digital signal digital signalanalog signal
modem
modem
commercial phone line
Modulation Demodulation

15.  Another important resource is the Internet Service
provider(ISP). They are organisations with permanent
connection or access to the internet. They on the other
hand provides temporal access of the internet to other
organisations and individuals.
 Examples includes; vodafone, MTN, airtel, globacom,
tigo and of late surf line which are the predominant
telcos or companies providing internet access in
Ghana. Others are AT&T, America OnLine(AOL),
MSN and Compuserve.

17. The World Wide Web (WWW)
 World Wide Web or W3 is the most popular and
promising method of organizing and accessing
information on the INTERNET. It is one of the basic
services of the internet
 The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information
organized into Web pages containing text and graphic
images.
 The www therefore is not the same as the internet

18.  Hypertext is a new way of information storage and
retrieval that enables authors to structure information
in novel ways.
 A properly designed hypertext document can help
users to locate desired type of information rapidly.
 Hypertext documents enable this by using a series of
links.
 A link is a special type of item in a hypertext
document connecting a document to other
documents. These document interconnections
constitute the world wide web(W3 or the WWW).

19.  A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme
or focus is called a Web site.
 Hypertext documents on internet are known as Web
Pages, they are electronic documents displayed by web
browsers on the internet.
 The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site
are organized around and link back to is called the site’s
home page.

20. Basic services of internet
 Electronic mail
 FTP
 Telnet
 Usenet news
 The World Wide Web

21. Electronic mail
 It is also known as e-mail
in short
 It enables to send and
receive a mail (message).
 It is Faster than paper
mail.
 Images, audio, video can
be sent along with text.

22. File transfer Protocol (FTP)
 It enables users to move a file from one computer to
another computer.
 A file may contain:
 Text document
 Image
 Artwork
 Movie
 Sound
 Software

23. Telnet
 Telnet service enables users to login to another
computer on internet from their local computer for
using:
 Computing power of remote computer
 Software on remote computer
 Database of remote computer
 This action is called ‘remote login’.

24. Usenet News
 Usenet news service enables a group of internet users
to exchange their views, ideas, information on some
common topic of internet.
 A newsgroup is like a large notice board accessible to
all members belonging to the group.
 2 types of newsgroups:
 Moderated
 Non-moderated

25. The World Wide Web
 It is a most popular method of accessing internet.
 It uses a concept called hypertext.
 Hypertext documents on internet are known as web
pages.
 Web pages are created by using a special language
called Hyper Text Markup Language (html)

26. Uses of the Internet ?
 On-line communication
 Software sharing
 Exchange of views on topics of common interest
 Posting of information of general interest
 Product promotion
 Feedback about product
 Customer support service
 On-line journals and magazines

27. On-line communication

28. Software sharing

29. Exchange of views on topics of
interest

30. Posting of information

31. Product promotion

32. Feedback about products

33. Customer support services

34. Online journals and magazines

35.  ARPANET
Forefather of internet
 INTERNET
Network of computers
 Basic Services
e-mails, FTP, Telnet, Usenet news
 Uses of internet
Communication, sharing, exchanging, informing,
feedback and support.