computer networks Applications Of Computer NetworkBusiness Application Types of Computer NetworkPAN

1. Applications Of Computer Network
Business Application
• Resorce Sharing:The goal is to make all programs, equipment, and especially data available
to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource or the user.
An obvious and widespread example is having a group of office workers share a
common printer. None of the individuals really needs a private printer, and a
high-volume networked printer is often cheaper, faster, and easier to maintain
than a large collection of individual printers.
• travel agency
• Three-person law firm is now highly dependent on computer networks for allowing
employees to access relevant information and documents
instantly
• Client
Server Model
Client-
1
Client-
2
Network Server

2. Applications Of Computer Network
Home Applications
• Smart TV
• Person to person communication-eg email
• Wifi
• CCTV Camera
• E-Commerce Using PC
• Online News Paper, Digital Library
• Social networking
• E-Banking
• Online
Auctions
• Types e-Businesses

3. Applications Of Computer Network
Mobile Users
• Mobile computers, such as laptop and handheld computers, are
one of the
fastest-growing segments of the computer industry
• Their sales have already overtaken those of desktop computers.
• People on
• the go often want to use their mobile devices to read and send
email, tweet, watch movies, download music, play games, or simply
to surf the Web for information
• Connectivity-Router home
• Wireless hotspots
• Text messaging or textingSocial networking
• GPS (Global Positioning System)
• m-commerce (mobile-commerce)

4. Applications Of Computer Network
Social Issues
• Social
• Political
• Ethical
• Shoulder attack
• Fishing Attack

5. Network Hardware
• There is no generally accepted taxonomy into which all
computer networks fit, but two dimensions stand out as
important: transmission technology and
scale.
• There are three types of transmission technology that are in
widespread use: broadcast links and point-to-point
(Unicasting)links.
• Broadcasting
• Unicasting
• Multicasting

6. Types of Computer Network
PAN
Range:10m
Fig.Personel Area Network

7. Types of Computer Network
LAN
Fig.Local Area Network
PC-1 PC-2
PC-3 PC-4
Networki
ng Device
Range:100m to 1000m

8. Types of Computer Network
MAN
Range:1KM
to 10km
e.g Cable TV Network
Fig. Metropolitan Area Network

9. Types of Computer Network
WAN
Range More than 100KM

10. Network Software
Protocol Hierarchies

11. Network Software
Protocol Hierarchies
• list of the protocols used by a certain
system, one protocol per layer, is
called a protocol stack
• A set of layers and protocols is called
a network architecture

12. Network Software
Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless Service

13. Network Software
Service Primitives
Primitive Meaning
LISTEN Block waiting for an incoming connection
CONNECT Establish a connection with a waiting peer
ACCEPT Accept an incoming connection from a peer
RECEIVE Block waiting for an incoming message
SEND Send a message to the peer
DISCONNECT Terminate a connection
Fig. Six service primitives that provide a simple connection-oriented
service.

14. Reference Model
OSI

15. Reference Model
TCP/IP

16. Examples of Computer network

17. INTERNET
• A collection of interconnected networks is
called an internetwork or internet.
• A network is formed by the combination of a
subnet and its hosts

18. INTERNET

19. Examples of Computer network
INTRANET
• An intranet is a private network contained within an enterprise that is used to
securely share company information and computing resources among employees.
An intranet can also be used for working in groups and teleconferences
• How are intranets used?
• Central repository. Intranets become the main repository where important
information and company data are stored.
• Collaboration. These internal networks provide a way to share information that
makes it easier for employees to work together.
• Personalization. Intranets provide personalized content to employees based on
their role within the company.
• Communication. They make employee directories, company news and
organization charts readily available, improving internal corporate communications.
• Easy access to information. Intranets provide easy access to information about
company policies, benefits and updates.
• Social elements. Social media features let employees create an account, post
content and status alerts and browse a newsfeed.

20. Examples of Computer network
INTRANET

21. Examples of Computer network
Bluetooth
• It is a Wireless Personal Area Network
(WPAN) technology and is used for
exchanging data over smaller distances.
• This technology was invented by Ericson in
1994.
• It operates in the unlicensed, industrial,
scientific and medical Areas.

22. Examples of Computer network
Bluetooth

23. Examples of Computer network
Wi-Fi
• Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transmit
information between your device and a router
via frequencies.
• Two radio-wave frequencies can be used,
depending on the amount of data being sent:
2.4 gigahertz and 5 gigahertz.
• The two Wi-Fi frequencies are split into
multiple channels so as to prevent high traffic
and interference

24. Examples of Computer network
Wi-Fi

25. Network Standards
• Networking standards define the rules for data
communications that are needed for
interoperability of networking technologies and
processes.
• Standards help in creating and maintaining open
markets and allow different vendors to compete
on the basis of the quality of their products while
being compatible with existing market products
• During data communication, a number of
standards may be used simultaneously at the
different layers.

26. Network Standards
• The commonly used standards at each layer
are
• Application layer − HTTP, HTML, POP, IMAP
• Transport layer − TCP,UDP
• Network layer −IP
• Data link layer − Ethernet IEEE 802.3, X.25,
Frame Relay
• Physical layer −RS-232C (cable), V.92 (modem)

27. Network Standards

28. Legal and Social issues
• Most ethical and legal issues in computer system are in the area of
individual’s right to privacy versus the greater good of a larger entity i.e. a
company or a society. For example, tracking how employees use
computers, crowd surveillance, managing customer profiles, tracking a
person’s travel with passport and so on
• Privacy: This deals with the right of an individual to control personal
information. It is the protection of personal or sensitive information.
Privacy is subjective. Different people have different ideas of what privacy
is and how much privacy they will trade for safety or convenience.
• Accuracy: This talks about the responsibility for the authenticity, fidelity
an accuracy of the information.
• Property: This determines who the owner of the information is and who
controls access.
• Accessibility: This deals with the issue of the type of information, an
organization has the right to collect. And in that situation, it also expects
to know the measures which will safeguard against any unforeseen
eventualities.

29. Network Policies
• Acceptable Use policy
• Disaster Recovery policy
• Back-Up policy
• Archiving policy(Retatintion)

30. Thank
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