Best slides to explore this topic

1. INTERNET
SUBMITTED
TO:-
MR.SANJAY
SAPRA
SIR
(Computer
Teacher)
SUBMITTED
BY:-
DEEPANSH
GOEL
10TH
B
15

2. HISTORY OF INTERNET
Inter net is a global network that enables infor mation to be
shared .
The seeds of internet were planted in 1969, when US department of defence sponsored a project named ARPANET (acronym
for advanced research projects agency network). The goal of this project was to connect computers at different universities
and U.S. Defence. Soon the engineers, scientists, students and researchers who were part of this system, began exchanging data
and messages on it. The users of this system were also able to play long distance games and socialize with people who shared
their interests. ARPANET started with a handful of computers but it expanded rapidly. In mid 80’s, another federal agency, the
national
Science foundation, created a new, high capacity network called nsfnet, which was more capable than ARPANET.

3. HOW DOES INTERNET WORK ?
Most of the computers are not directly connected to Internet.
So let us now see how internet functions:
i. At the source computer, the message or the file/document to be sent to another computer is firstly divided
into very small parts called Packets. A packet generally contains upto 1500 characters.
ii. Each packet is given a number serial wise e.g.1,2, 3.
iii. All these packets are then sent to the address of destination computer.
iv. The destination computer receives the packets in random manner .
v. The packets are reassembled in the order of their number and the original message.

4. PROTOCOLS
The reason that the Internet works at all is that every computer connected to its users the same set of rules for
communication called Protocol.
The communication protocol used by internet is TCP/IP. The TCP(i.e. Transmission Control Protocol) part is
also responsible for dividing the file/message into packets on the source computer. It is also responsible for
reassembling the received packets at destination or recipient computer .
The IP(i.e., Internet Protocol) part is also responsible for handling the address of destination computer so that
each packet is routed to its proper destination.

6. HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(HTTP)
The hypertext transfer protocol is an access method used on internet. It is primarily access method for
interacting with Internet. The http generally works in combination with www. The http is responsible for
accessing hypertext documents on world wide web. Since world wide web is system governing the use of
multimedia files on the net and hypertext files support multimedia, the http generally works in combination
of www.
e.g- http://www.w3schools.com

7. WHO GOVERNS THE INTERNET?
Internet is not governed by any particular body. It is coordinated by many volunteer organizations. There is
single authoritative organization. Various volunteer organization responsible for this purpose are :
i. The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is responsible for approving standards and allocating resources.
ii. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is responsible for discussing and investigating the operational
and technical problems of internet.
iii. The InterNIC is responsible for providing registration services to Internet community.
iv.

8. VARIOUS INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS(ISP) IN INDIA

9. HOW TO CONNECT TO INTERNET ?
1. Through Dial-up Connection:- A dial-up connection is a temporary connection, set up between your
computer and ISP server. A dial-up connection is set up using a modem. A dial-up connection makes
the internet available to you as long as you remain connected.
2. Through Broadband Connection:- The term broadband is short for broad bandwidth. Broad band
connections are faster than dial-up connections because their signals carry much more data in our
home than dial-up connections. Broadband connections speed is measured in mbps, which stands for
megabits per second. Most residential broadband Internet connection provide connection speeds
varying from 256 kbps to 8 mbps.

10. It is available in 3 main platforms :-
i. Cable modem
ii. DSL(digital subscriber line )
iii. Satellite
3. Through Wireless Connections :- It can be connected in two ways wirelessly-
iv. Wi-Fi :- It refers to wireless Fidelity, which let us connect to internet without a direct line from our
machine to ISP server.
v. Wi-Max:- it is a wireless digital communication system. It can provide broadband wireless
communication to up to 50 km . It requires a tower called Wi max base station similar to cell phone
tower.

11. WHAT IS WWW?
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allow the multimedia and
hypertext files to be created, displayed and linked on internet.
From the late 1960’s to early 1990’s, the Internet was a communication and research tool used almost
exclusively for military purposes.

12. WHAT IS A WEB BROWSER?
A Web Browser is a WWW client that navigates through the world wide web. There are two types of
browsers:-
i. Graphical browser:- Text, images audio, video are retrievable through a graphical software program
such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Netscape, Mozilla, Opera and Chrome. These browsers are
available for Windows, Apple, Linux and other operating systems.
ii. Text only browser:- Lynx is a browser that provides access to the Web In text-only mode.

13. INTRANET
An intranet is a network that exists exclusively within an organization and that is based on Internet
technology. It delivers an organization’s informational resources to each member’s desktop quickly and
inexpensively but protects the information from unauthorized access. Because an intranet is based on
Internet technology, it can have thousands of users across any location and still be private. It is thought of an
INTernal Restricted Access Network.

14. ELECTRONIC MAIL (E-MAIL)
E-Mail stands for Electronic mail. It is the most widely used tool to send messages electronically on a
network.
The most widely used tool on the internet is electronic mail, e-mail. E-mail is used to send written messages
between individuals or groups of individuals, often geographically separated by large distances. E-mail
messages are generally sent from and received by mail servers. Once a mail server has received a message, it
directs to its specific computer that the mail is addressed to. To send a E-mail the process is reversed. A very
convenient and inexpensive way to transmit message, e-mail has dramatically affected scientific, personal,
and business communications.

15. E-MAIL SERVICE PROVIDING WEBSITES
§ http://www.hotmail.com
§ http://www.gmail.com
§ http://www.rediffmail.com
§ http://www.yahoo.com

16. ADVANTAGES OF E-MAIL
The popularity of e-mail is all because of its advantages, which are as listed below:
q Low Cost: E-mail is an extremely cost effective way to move information around, especially it is to be
moved quickly.
q Speed: E-mail can be delivered as fast as the wire can carry it.
q Waste Reduction: E-mail goes a long way toward reducing clutter of paper in modern office.
q Ease of Use: It is easy to send an e-mail. We don’t have to retype it three types, find an envelope or go to
the shop and buy a stamp and then find a mail box.
q Patience: E-mail waits until you read it. It doesn’t have the jangling urgency of a phone call.

17. LIMITATIONS OF E-MAIL
ü Hardware requirement: You have to be at a computer to read or print e-mail.
ü Impermanent: Your sent mail message can be altered in all the ways that operating system offers, including
text changes and outright deletion.
ü A hasty medium: Because e-mail is so easy to use, it is also easy to send a ,message that you later regret.
ü Hard to convey emotions: Without the extra cues of voice, posture and expression, it is easy to
misunderstand what someone really means in a message. Jokes, sarcasm and irony are particularly easy
to miss.

18. HOW TO CREATE AN ACCOUNT ON G-MAIL
Click Here to create a
new account
ü To sign up for the first time type the URL on address bar as
http://www.gmail.com
ü The window that is shown alongside will appear.
Click Create account.
ü After we click create account this form will appear
ü Fill it and then click “I agree”.

19. STRUCTURE OF E-MAIL MESSAGE
Ø TO:-This is the address or the addresses to which the e-mail
is to be sent.
Ø CC:- CC stands for Carbon Copy. Here we can specify the
address of all the recipient. The CC is visible to all the
recipient.
Ø BCC:-BCC is for Blind Carbon Copy. This people will also
receive a copy of this message. But BCC is not visible to all
other recipient's.
Ø SUBJECT:- A short title for the mail is called a subject.
Ø BODY:-The message
Ø ATTACHMENTS:- We can attach one or more pictures or
documents or any other with our e-mail.

20. WHAT IS A SEARCH ENGINE?
A Search Engine is a program that searches through a database of web pages for
particular information.
If we want to view particular information, but we do not know which site would provide that information. In
this case we need to search this information on web. And this can be done through search engines, a program
used for searching information on internet. Some famous search engines are:
§ Google Infoseek
§ Yahoo Lycos
§ Alta Vista Hot Bot

21. VIDEO CONFERENCING
A two way videophone conversation is called Video Conferencing.
The next dimension in Internet communication is the videophone. People who have a multimedia PC with a
camera and video compression handware, access to internet over an ordinary telephone line, and videophone
software can see each other while talking, which is what is called video calling. Some popular softwares used
for video conferencing are listed below:
o TCP Cam
o Ekiga
o Skype for lINUX

22. IMPORTANT USES OF INTERNET
ü E-Leraning:- E-Learning refers to the learning that takes place in an electronically simulated environment.
ü E-banking:- Availing the banking services through electronic measures via internet is called e-banking.
ü E-shopping:- The process of shopping over internet is called online shopping or e shopping. Both products
and services can be purchased through online shopping.
ü E-shopping:- Making reservations of tickets or hotel rooms or tourist packages etc through internet is called
e-Reservation.
ü

23. SOCIAL NETWORKING
Social Networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups via online
means through social sites.
There are a number of social networking websites that focus on particularly interest, there are others that do
not. There are many dangers associated with social networking: data theft and viruses are on the rise. The
most prevalent danger through often involves online predators or individuals who claim to be someone that
they are not. Although danger does exist with networking online, it also exists with networking out in real
world. Some examples of Social networking sites are:
ü Facebook
ü Twitter

24. THANK YOU!