Here are the answers to the class exercise: 1. List 5 ISP organization - Telekom Malaysia - Maxis - Celcom - Digi - Umobile 2. List 5 criteria to choose internet access technology - Availability - Cost - Access device used - Media used - Speed of connection 3. List 6 types of ISP - Dial-up - Cell modem - Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - Cable modem - Leased lines - Satellite 4. What common uses to test forwarding packets across the internet - Ping utility - Traceroute utility 5. Give 2 ISP with their

2. Learning Outcomes
• Identify Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
• Describe the relationship between ISP and
Internet
• Identify the options of connections to the ISP
• Identify appropriate ISP levels of service to
meet the user requirement
• Identify the importance of the Internet
Protocols (IP)
• Explain how ISPs handle packets

3. Telekom Malaysia (TM)
Jaring
Time
Redtone
P1 Wimax
Metrofon
Maxis
Celcom
Digi
Umobile
Amax
iZZi
Extreme Broadband
V-telecom
Penangfon
VDSL

4. What is ISP?
• An ISP is a company that provides the
connections and support to access the
Internet.
• Any home, business or organization that wants
to connect to the Internet must use an Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
• ISP range in size and differ in term of the area
they service – limited service to small
geographical area or variety of services

5. ISP User

6. ISP and Internet
• ISPs connect to other ISPs in order to send
information beyond the boundaries of their
own network.
• The Internet is made up of very high-speed
data links that interconnect ISP POPs and
ISPs to each other.
• These interconnections are part of the very
large, high capacity network known as the
Internet Backbone.

7. ISP and Internet (cont…)
Point of Presence (POP) - POP is the connection point between the ISP's network
and the particular geographical region that the POP is servicing.

8. Options of connections to ISP
• The choice of Internet access
technologies depends on:
1. availability
2. cost
3. access device used
4. media used
5. speed of the connection
• ISPs provide a variety of ways to connect to the Internet,
depending on location and desired connection speed.

9. Types of ISP
1. Dial-up
 The slowest and most widely available service.
 Uses regular voice-grade telephone lines.
2. Cell Modem
 Service available through Cellular telephone providers.
3. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
 Service available from most telephone companies.
 Provides high speed digital connection over regular
telephone lines.
4. Cable Modem
 Service available from most cable companies.
 Provides high speed connection over the cable TV network.

10. Types of ISP (cont….)
5. Leased Lines
 Service available from most telephone companies.
 Provides high speed connection over dedicated digital
data lines.
 T1-most common example, primarily for business-class
service. Example in Malaysia: Telekom.
6. Satellite
 Service available from Internet dish satellite companies.
 Provides medium speed via satellite.
 Satellite maybe the only choice faster than dial-up in
some rural area.

11. ISP Services
• Most ISPs offer two different contract levels:
1) home service
2) business class service
home service business class service
• is normally less expensive than
business services
• generally provides scaled-down
services such as slower
connection speed, reduced web
space storage, and fewer email
accounts.
• more expensive but provides
faster connection speeds and
additional web space and email
accounts.
• A business class service may
include twenty, fifty or more
email addresses.

12. ISP Services (cont…)

13. ISP Services (cont…)
ISP Services Description
Connection
Speed
• Download speeds can vary from 56 Kbps for
dial-up to 1.5 Mbps or higher for technologies
such as DSL and Cable modem.
• A high speed connection is recommended for
individuals who download a lot of large
programs, performing gaming, or run their own
servers.
Video on
Demand (VoD)
Real-time downloading of movies allows users to
watch movies over the Internet. Known as
streaming video.
Content filtering ISPs can provide software that prevents specific
material from being downloaded based on user
specifications.

14. ISP Services (cont…)
ISP Services Description
Virus scanning Virus scanning and anti spam services as part of
connection package.
IP Telephone • ISPs may provide IP telephone services that
allow users to make and receive voice calls
over the Internet.
• Regular long distance tolls do not normally
apply when using the Internet.
File Storage • Organizations can use the ISPs online storage
and file management systems to provide 24/7
access to important files.
• File storage can range from a few Mb to Tb of
online storage. It usually password protected.

15. ISP Services (cont…)
ISP Services Description
• Web Hosting
Services
• Organization that do not have web servers can
use the ISPs servers for their web site – often
comes with design and maintenance services.
• Usually purchased base on the size of the web
site and the anticipated monthly volume.
• Personal
Home Pages
• Personal web page space is frequently
provided with service. Usually both the size of
the web space and the traffic generated are
limited.
• Design and maintenance of the website is
maintained by the individual author.

16. ISP Level of Services
• Data transferred – based on download transfer rate is different
from the upload transfer rate.
• Asymmetric:
• When the download transfer rate
is different from the upload
transfer rate.
• Most commonly used for the home.
• Download speeds are faster than
upload speeds.
• Necessary for users that download
significantly more than upload.
• Most Internet users, especially
those who use graphics or
multimedia intensive web data,
need lots of download bandwidth.

17. ISP Level of Services
• Symmetric:
• Transfer rate is the same in both
directions
• Most commonly used for business
or individuals hosting servers on the
Internet.
• Used when necessary to upload
large amounts of traffic such as
intensive graphics, multimedia, or
video.
• It can carry large amounts of data in
both directions at equal rates.

18. How ISPs handle packets
• Before being sent on the Internet, messages are
divided into packets. IP packet size is between 64 to
1500 bytes.
• Each individual packet must have a source and
destination IP address.
• When a packet is sent across the Internet, the ISP
determines whether the packet is destined for a local
service located on the ISP network, or a remote
service located on a different network.
• Every ISP has a control facility for their network,
known as the Network Operations Center (NOC) –
NOC usually controls traffic flow.

19. Forwarding Packets Across the
Internet
• There are network utilities that test connectivity to the
destination device:
1. ping Utility. Example: ping 192.168.1.12
 tests end-to-end connectivity between source and
destination
 It measures the time that it takes test packets to
make a round trip from the source to the destination
and whether the transmission is successful
2. traceroute Utility. Example: tracert www.ptss.edu.my
 traces the route from source to destination.

20. I don’t stop when I’m tired.
I only stop when I’m done…

21. Class exercise
• List 5 ISP organization
• List 5 criteria to choose internet
access technology
• List 6 types of ISP
• What common uses to test forwarding
packets across the internet

22. • Give 2 ISP with their product package
for small/home and business used.
• List detail of isp sevice on that
products.